View source for Submucosa

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==Overview==
{{Infobox Anatomy |
  Name         = {{PAGENAME}} |
  Latin        = |
  GraySubject  = |
  GrayPage     = |
  Image        = Ens.png |
  Caption      = LAYERS:<BR>[[Serous membrane|serosa]]<BR>[[Muscular coat|longitudinal muscle]]<BR>[[Auerbach's plexus|myenteric plexus]]<BR>[[Muscular coat|circular muscle]]<BR>[[Submucous plexus|submucosal plexus]]<BR>[[Submucosa|submucosal]]<BR>[[Mucous membrane|mucosal]] |
  Image2       = Mid_esophageal_mass.jpg |
  Caption2     = [[Esophagogastroduodenoscopy|Endoscopy]] and radial [[endoscopic ultrasound]] images of submucosal tumour in mid-[[esophagus]].  The submucosa is seen as a dark ring on the ultrasound image. |
  System       = |
  MeshName     = |
  MeshNumber   = |
  DorlandsPre  = s_27 |
  DorlandsSuf  = 12765896  |
}}
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In the [[gastrointestinal tract]], the '''submucosa''' is the layer of [[loose connective tissue]] that supports the [[mucosa]], as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying [[smooth muscle]] (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle). 

==Contents==
[[Blood vessels]], [[lymphatic vessels]], and [[nerves]] (all supplying the mucosa) will run through here. 

Tiny [[parasympathetic]] ganglia are scattered around forming the [[submucosal plexus]] (or "Meissner's plexus") where [[preganglionic]] parasympathetic neurons synapse with [[postganglionic]] nerve fibers that supply the [[muscularis mucosae]].

==The submucosa in endoscopy==
Identification of the submucosa plays an important role in diagnostic and therapeutic [[endoscopy]], where special [[fiber optics|fibre-optic]] cameras are used to perform procedures on the [[gastrointestinal tract]].  Abnormalities of the submucosa, such as [[gastrointestinal stromal tumor]]s, usually show integrity of the mucosal surface.  

The submucosa is also identified in [[endoscopic ultrasound]] to identify the depth of tumours and to identify other abnormalities.  An injection of [[dye]], [[saline]], or [[epinephrine]] into the submucosa is imperative in the safe removal of certain [[polyp (medicine)|polyps]].  

Endoscopic mucosal [[resection]] involves removal of the mucosal layer, and in order to be done safely, a submucosal injection of dye is performed to ensure integrity at the beginning of the procedure.

==See also==
* [[Small intestinal submucosa]]

==Additional images==
<gallery>
 Image:Illu bladder.jpg|Bladder.
 Image:Illu stomach2.jpg|Stomach.
 Image:Gray1033.png|Section of the human [[esophagus]]. Moderately magnified.
 Image:Gray1141.png|Vertical section of bladder wall. 
 Image:Gut wall.svg|General structure of the gut wall showing the submucosa.
</gallery>

==External links==
* {{UCDavisOrganology|Digestive/mammal/system1/system5}} - "Mammal, whole system (LM, Low)"
* {{eMedicineDictionary|submucosa}}
* {{BUHistology|00102loa}} - "Tissues, Layers, and Organs: transverse section of rat gut"
* {{GeorgiaPhysiology|6/6ch1/s6ch1_9}}
* {{OklahomaHistology|55_11}}
* {{AnatomyAtlasesMicroscopic|10|193}} - "Duodenum and Jejunum"
* [http://courseweb.edteched.uottawa.ca/medicine-histology/English/Gastrointestinal/Stomach22.htm Histology at edteched.uottawa.ca]
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{{TissueLayers}}

[[es:submucosa]]

[[Category:Anatomy]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Histology]]

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