Acute renal failure causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Acute renal failure}}
{{Acute renal failure}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AN}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
 
[[Glomerular filtration rate]] depends on multiple factors, particularly the [[renal blood flow]]. The pressure difference across the renal vasculature i.e the difference in pressure between the renal arterioles and venules is directly proportional to the [[GFR]]. Any decrease in [[renal blood flow]], injury to the renal tubules or obstruction to the urinary tract outflow can cause decreased urinary output.
==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
Acute renal failure is usually categorised (as in the flowchart below) according to ''pre-renal, renal'' and ''post-renal'' causes.
Acute renal failure is usually categorised (as in the flowchart below) according to ''pre-renal, renal'' and ''post-renal'' causes.
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree/start}}
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{{familytree/end}}
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===Pre-renal (compromise in the renal blood flow)===
====Pre-renal====
* [[Hypovolemia]] (decreased blood volume) -
* [[Hypovolemia]] (decreased blood volume) -
** [[Shock (medical)|Shock]], [[hemorrhage]], [[burns]], [[dehydration]]
** [[Shock (medical)|Shock]], [[hemorrhage]], [[burns]], [[dehydration]]
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** Extra-vascular space sequestration: [[pancreatitis]], [[hypoalbuminemia]], [[peritonitis]], [[trauma]], [[burns]]
** Extra-vascular space sequestration: [[pancreatitis]], [[hypoalbuminemia]], [[peritonitis]], [[trauma]], [[burns]]
*Low cardiac output -
*Low cardiac output -
** [[Cardiac arrhthymia]]'s
** [[Cardiac arrhythmia]]'s
** [[Congestive heart failure]]: [[left ventricular failure]], [[right ventricular failure]]
** [[Congestive heart failure]]: [[left ventricular failure]], [[right ventricular failure]]
** Valvular disorders: severe [[aortic stenosis]]
** Valvular disorders: severe [[aortic stenosis]]
** Severe [[pulmonary hypertension]], massive [[pulmonary emobolism]]
** Severe [[pulmonary hypertension]], massive [[pulmonary embolism]]
* Systemic vasodilatation -
* Systemic vasodilatation -
** [[Anaphylaxis]]
** [[Anaphylaxis]]
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** [[Atheroembolic disease]]
** [[Atheroembolic disease]]
** [[Renal vein thrombosis]] (which can occur as a complication of the [[nephrotic syndrome]])
** [[Renal vein thrombosis]] (which can occur as a complication of the [[nephrotic syndrome]])
** Renal [[hypoperfusion]] from [[cyclooxygenase inhibitors]], [[ACE inhibitors]]
** Renal [[hypoperfusion]] from [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs|cyclooxygenase inhibitors]], [[ACE inhibitors]]
** Renal [[vasoconstriction]] from [[hypercalcemia]], [[cyclosporine]], [[tacrolimus]] and [[amphotericin B]]
** Renal [[vasoconstriction]] from [[hypercalcemia]], [[cyclosporine]], [[tacrolimus]] and [[amphotericin B]]
* [[Hyperviscosity syndrome]] -
* [[Hyperviscosity syndrome]] -
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** [[Polycythemia]]
** [[Polycythemia]]
** [[Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]]
** [[Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]]
===Renal (damage to the kidney itself)===
 
====Renal====
* Diseases affecting the renal vasculature -
* Diseases affecting the renal vasculature -
** Renal arterial obstruction: [[atherosclerosis]], [[dissecting aneurysm]], [[thrombosis]], [[embolism]]
** Renal arterial obstruction: [[atherosclerosis]], [[dissecting aneurysm]], [[thrombosis]], [[embolism]]
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* [[Graft rejection]]
* [[Graft rejection]]


===Post-renal (obstructive causes in the urinary tract)===
====Post-renal====
* Ureteric:
* Ureteric:
** Ureteric [[calculi]]
** Ureteric [[calculi]]
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** [[Urethral stricture]]s
** [[Urethral stricture]]s
** [[Phimosis]]
** [[Phimosis]]
** [[Posterior urethral valve]]
** Posterior urethral valve


==Complete list of Causes by Organ System==
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[1,2-Dichloromethane]], [[Amyl Alcohol]], [[Aristolochic acid]], [[Arsenic]], [[Bismuth]], [[Cadmium]], [[Carbon Tetrachloride]], [[Carmustine]], [[Cephaloridine]], [[Chloroform]], [[Chromium]], [[Copper]], [[Degreasing solvents]], [[Diethylene glycol]], [[Dioxane]], [[Ethylene Glycol]], [[Gallium nitrate]], [[Gasoline]], [[Germanium]], [[Glue solvent vapors]], [[Gold]], [[Hairdressing solvents]], [[Herbicide]], [[Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene]], [[Lead]], [[Lithium]], [[Lomustine]], [[Mercury]], [[Methanol]], [[Nitrosourea compounds]], [[Paint solvents]], [[Paint thinners]], [[Paints]], [[Para-amino salicylic acid]], [[Paraquat ochratoxin A]], [[Perchloroethylene]], [[Pesticide solvents]], [[Pesticides]], [[Phosphine poisoning ]], [[Platinum]], [[Radiocontrast agents]], [[Silica]], [[Silver]], [[Styrene]], [[Sulphinpyrazone]], [[Sulphonamides]], [[Thallium]], [[Toluene]], [[Trichloroacetylene]], [[Trichloroethane]], [[Trichloroethylene]], [[Uranium]], [[Zinc]] overdose
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyl Alcohol]], [[Aristolochic acid]], [[Arsenic]], [[Bismuth]], [[Cadmium]], [[Carbon Tetrachloride]], [[Carmustine]], [[Cephaloridine]], [[Chloroform]], [[Chromium]], [[Copper]], [[Diethylene glycol]], [[Dioxane]], [[Gallium]], [[Gasoline]], [[Germanium]], [[Glue sniffing]], [[Gold]], [[Herbicide]], [[Lead]], [[Lithium]], [[Lomustine]], [[Mercury]], [[Methanol]], [[Nitrosourea compounds]], [[Paint thinner]], [[Para-amino salicylic acid]], [[Paraquat ochratoxin A]], [[Perchloroethylene]], [[Pesticide]], [[Platinum]], [[Radiocontrast agents]], [[Silica]], [[Silver]], [[Solvents]], [[Styrene]], [[Sulphonamides]], [[Thallium]], [[Toluene]], [[Trichloroethane]], [[Trichloroethylene]], [[Uranium]], [[Zinc]] overdose
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dermatomyositis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetaminophen]], [[Aminoglycosides]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Anticancer agents]], [[Aspirin]], [[Bacitracin]], [[Capreomycin]], [[Chlortetracycline]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Cisplatin]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Cyclosporin]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Methicillin]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Mithramycin]], [[Neomycin]], [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]], [[Oxytetracycline]], [[Polymyxin B]], [[Rifampin]], [[Trimethoprim]], [[Vancomycin]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetaminophen]], [[Aminoglycosides]], [[Amlodipine besylate and Valsartan]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Anticancer agents]], [[Aspirin]], [[Bacitracin]], [[Capreomycin]], [[Chlortetracycline]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Cisplatin]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Cyclosporin]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Methicillin]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Mithramycin]], [[Neomycin]], [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]], [[Oxytetracycline]], [[Polymyxin B]], [[Rifampin]], [[Trimethoprim]], [[Vancomycin]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| Agents causing [[methemoglobinemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Capillary leak syndrome]] with [[monoclonal gammopathy]], [[Caterpillar-induced bleeding syndrome]], [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Capillary leak syndrome]] with [[monoclonal gammopathy]], [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]], [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]], [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Boutonneuse fever]], [[Clostridium tetani]], [[Diphtheria]], [[Ehrlichiosis]], [[Escherichia coli O157:H7]], [[Hantavirus]], [[Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome]], [[India tick typhus]], [[Israeli spotted fever]], [[Kenya tick typhus]], [[Kenya tick typhus]], [[Leptospirosis]], [[Marseilles fever]], [[Mediterranean Spotted Fever]], [[Toxic shock syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Boutonneuse fever]], [[Clostridium tetani]], [[Diphtheria]], [[Ehrlichiosis]], [[Escherichia coli O157:H7]], [[Hantavirus]], [[Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome]], [[India tick typhus]], [[Israeli spotted fever]], [[Kenya tick typhus]], [[Leptospirosis]], [[Marseilles fever]], [[Mediterranean Spotted Fever]], [[Toxic shock syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dermatomyositis]], [[Rhabdomyolysis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis]], [[Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis]], [[Renal artery stenosis]], [[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]], [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]], [[Hepatorenal syndrome]], [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]], [[Rhabdomyolysis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Automobile exhaust]], [[Blood transfusion and complications]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Crush syndrome]], [[Dehydration]], [[Epidemic dropsy]], [[Heat stroke]], [[Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma]], [[Shock]], [[Tumor lysis syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Blood transfusion]] and its complications, [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Crush syndrome]], [[Dehydration]], [[Epidemic dropsy]],  [[Formaldehyde]], [[Heat stroke]], [[Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma]], [[Perioperative mortality|Post-surgical complication]], [[Shock]], [[Tumor lysis syndrome]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order===  
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===  
{{MultiCol}}
{{MultiCol}}
* [[Automobile exhaust]]
* [[Bacitracin]]
* [[Bacitracin]]
* [[Bismuth]]
* [[Bismuth]]
* [[Blood transfusion and complications]]
* [[Blood transfusion]] and complications
* [[Boutonneuse fever]]
* [[Boutonneuse fever]]
* [[Bruch's disease]]
* [[Cadmium]]
* [[Cadmium]]
* [[Capillary leak syndrome with monoclonal gammopathy]]
* [[Capillary leak syndrome]] with [[monoclonal gammopathy]]
* [[Capreomycin sulfate]]
* [[Capreomycin]]
* [[Carbon tetrachloride]]
* [[Carbon tetrachloride]]
* [[Carmustine]]
* [[Carmustine]]
* [[Caterpillar-induced bleeding syndrome]]
* [[Cephaloridine]]
* [[Cephaloridine]]
* [[Chloroform]]
* [[Chloroform]]
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* [[Cisplatin]]
* [[Cisplatin]]
* [[Clostridium tetani]]
* [[Clostridium tetani]]
* [[Conor's disease]]
* [[Copper]]
* [[Copper]]
* [[Crush syndrome]]
* [[Crush syndrome]]
* [[Cyclophosphamide]]
* [[Cyclophosphamide]]
* [[Cyclosporin]]
* [[Cyclosporin]]
* [[Degreasing solvents]]
* [[Dehydration]]
* [[Dehydration]]
* [[Dermatomyositis]]
* [[Dermatomyositis]]
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* [[Erythroderma]]
* [[Erythroderma]]
* [[Escherichia coli O157:H7]]
* [[Escherichia coli O157:H7]]
* [[Ethylene glycol]]
* [[Gallium]]
* [[Gallium nitrate]]
* [[Gasoline]]
* [[Gasoline]]
* [[Germanium]]
* [[Germanium]]
* [[Glue solvent vapors]]
* [[Glue sniffing]]
* [[Gold]]
* [[Gold]]
* [[Hairdressing solvents]]
* [[Glycogen storage disease type V]]
* [[Hantavirus]]
* [[Hantavirus]]
* [[Heat stroke]]
* [[Heat stroke]]
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* [[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
* [[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
* [[Herbicide]]
* [[Herbicide]]
* [[Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene]]
* [[Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma]]
* [[Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma]]
* [[Hyperuricemia]]
* [[Hyperuricemia]]
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* [[Ifosfamide]]
* [[Ifosfamide]]
* [[India tick typhus]]
* [[India tick typhus]]
* [[Indian tick fever]]
* [[Israeli spotted fever]]
* [[Israeli spotted fever]]
* [[Kenya fever]]
* [[Kenya tick typhus]]
* [[Kenya tick typhus]]
{{ColBreak}}
{{ColBreak}}
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* [[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Mercury]]
* [[Mercury]]
* [[Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Methanol]]
* [[Methemoglobin-producing agents]]
* [[Methemoglobinemia]] producing agents
* [[Methicillin]]
* [[Methicillin]]
* [[Methotrexate]]
* [[Methotrexate]]
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* [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]]
* [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]]
* [[Oxytetracycline]]
* [[Oxytetracycline]]
* [[Paint solvents]]
* [[Paint thinner]]
* [[Paint thinners]]
* [[Paints]]
* [[Para-amino salicylic acid]]
* [[Para-amino salicylic acid]]
* [[Paraquat ochratoxin A]]
* [[Paraquat ochratoxin A]]
* [[Perchloroethylene]]
* [[Perchloroethylene]]
* [[Pesticide solvents]]
* [[Pesticide]]
* [[Pesticides]]
* [[Phosphine poisoning ]]
* [[Platinum]]
* [[Platinum]]
* [[Polymyxin]]
* [[Polymyxin]]
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* [[Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Pre-eclampsia]]
* [[Pre-eclampsia]]
* [[Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors]]
* [[Radiocontrast agents]]
* [[Radiocontrast agents]]
* [[Renal artery stenosis]]
* [[Renal artery stenosis]]
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* [[Silver]]
* [[Silver]]
* [[Styrene]]
* [[Styrene]]
* [[Sulphinpyrazone]]
* [[Solvents]]
* [[Sulphonamides]]
* [[Sulphonamides]]
* [[Surgery complication]]
* [[Perioperative mortality|Post-surgical complication]]
* [[Thallium]]
* [[Thallium]]
* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
* [[Toluene]]
* [[Toluene]]
* [[Toxic shock syndrome]]
* [[Toxic shock syndrome]]
* [[Trichloroacetylene]]
* [[Trichloroethane]]
* [[Trichloroethane]]
* [[Trichloroethylene]]
* [[Trichloroethylene]]
* [[Trimethoprim]]
* [[Trimethoprim]]
* [[Tumor lysis syndrome]]
* [[Tumor lysis syndrome]]
* [[Type V Glycogen Storage Disease]]
* [[Uranium]]
* [[Uranium]]
* [[Vancomycin]]
* [[Vancomycin]]
* [[Zinc overdose]]
* [[Zinc]] overdose
{{EndMultiCol}}
{{EndMultiCol}}


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{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[Category:Kidney diseases]]
[[Category:Kidney diseases]]
[[Category:Organ failure]]
[[Category:Organ failure]]
[[Category:Causes of death]]
[[Category:Causes of death]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Grammar]]

Latest revision as of 20:14, 15 October 2014

Acute renal failure Microchapters

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute renal failure causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Glomerular filtration rate depends on multiple factors, particularly the renal blood flow. The pressure difference across the renal vasculature i.e the difference in pressure between the renal arterioles and venules is directly proportional to the GFR. Any decrease in renal blood flow, injury to the renal tubules or obstruction to the urinary tract outflow can cause decreased urinary output.

Causes

Common Causes

Acute renal failure is usually categorised (as in the flowchart below) according to pre-renal, renal and post-renal causes.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acute Renal
Failure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-renal
 
 
Renal
 
 
Post-renal

Pre-renal

Renal

Post-renal

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Malignant hypertension, Systemic hypertension
Chemical / poisoning Amyl Alcohol, Aristolochic acid, Arsenic, Bismuth, Cadmium, Carbon Tetrachloride, Carmustine, Cephaloridine, Chloroform, Chromium, Copper, Diethylene glycol, Dioxane, Gallium, Gasoline, Germanium, Glue sniffing, Gold, Herbicide, Lead, Lithium, Lomustine, Mercury, Methanol, Nitrosourea compounds, Paint thinner, Para-amino salicylic acid, Paraquat ochratoxin A, Perchloroethylene, Pesticide, Platinum, Radiocontrast agents, Silica, Silver, Solvents, Styrene, Sulphonamides, Thallium, Toluene, Trichloroethane, Trichloroethylene, Uranium, Zinc overdose
Dermatologic Dermatomyositis
Drug Side Effect Acetaminophen, Aminoglycosides, Amlodipine besylate and Valsartan, Amphotericin B, Anticancer agents, Aspirin, Bacitracin, Capreomycin, Chlortetracycline, Cidofovir, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Cyclosporin, Ibuprofen, Ifosfamide, Methicillin, Methotrexate, Mithramycin, Neomycin, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Oxytetracycline, Polymyxin B, Rifampin, Trimethoprim, Vancomycin
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental Agents causing methemoglobinemia
Gastroenterologic Hepatorenal syndrome
Genetic Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, McArdle disease, Glycogen storage disease type V
Hematologic Capillary leak syndrome with monoclonal gammopathy, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Hemolytic uremic syndrome, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Boutonneuse fever, Clostridium tetani, Diphtheria, Ehrlichiosis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Hantavirus, Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome, India tick typhus, Israeli spotted fever, Kenya tick typhus, Leptospirosis, Marseilles fever, Mediterranean Spotted Fever, Toxic shock syndrome
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Dermatomyositis, Rhabdomyolysis
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic Hyperuricemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic Eclampsia, Pre-eclampsia
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, Renal artery stenosis, Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, Hemolytic uremic syndrome, Hepatorenal syndrome, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Rhabdomyolysis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Obstructive uropathy, Reflux nephropathy, Hydronephrosis
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Blood transfusion and its complications, Cholesterol embolism, Crush syndrome, Dehydration, Epidemic dropsy, Formaldehyde, Heat stroke, Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma, Post-surgical complication, Shock, Tumor lysis syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

Template:WH Template:WS

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