Hemiplegia: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | |||
{{CMG}};{{AE}} [[User:Naresh Mullaguri|Naresh Mullaguri, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:mullaguri.nari@gmail.com] | |||
==Overview== | |||
Hemiplegia is a condition where there is [[paralysis]] in one vertical half of a patient's body. This is not [[hemiparesis]] wherein one half of the body is weakened, i.e. one arm and its corresponding leg are weak. Hemiplegia is similar to hemiparesis, but hemiparesis is considered less severe.<ref>http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/gait/hemiplegic/intro.asp</ref> | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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A rare cause of hemiplegia is due to [[local anaesthetic]] injections given intra-arterially rapidly, instead of given in a nerve branch. | A rare cause of hemiplegia is due to [[local anaesthetic]] injections given intra-arterially rapidly, instead of given in a nerve branch. | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* [[Stroke]] | |||
* [[Intracranial hemorrhage]] | |||
* [[Encephalitis]] | |||
* [[Cerebral abscess]] | |||
* [[Cerebral palsy]] | |||
* [[Intracranial hemorrhage classification|Traumatic cerebral hemorrhage]] | |||
* [[Neoplasm]] | |||
* [[Cerebral agenesis]] | |||
=== Causes by Organ System=== | === Causes by Organ System=== | ||
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|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' | |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | | |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 62: | Line 55: | ||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | | '''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cidofovir]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Pergolide]], [[Pramipexole]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 110: | Line 103: | ||
| '''Hematologic''' | | '''Hematologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bone marrow]] failure neurologic abnormalities, [[Hyper IgE syndrome]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bone marrow]] failure neurologic abnormalities, [[Hyper IgE syndrome]] ([[autosomal recessive]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebral abscess]], [[Cerebellar abscess]], Cortical [[thrombophlebitis]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hydatid cyst]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[Meningitis]], [[Paragonimiasis]], Rasmussen subacute | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebral abscess]], [[Cerebellar abscess]], Cortical [[thrombophlebitis]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Hydatid cyst]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[Meningitis]], [[Paragonimiasis]], [[Rasmussen subacute encephalitis]], [[Toxoplasmosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 142: | Line 135: | ||
| '''Neurologic''' | | '''Neurologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]], Acute infantile hemiplegia, [[Alternating hemiplegia]], [[Benedikt's syndrome]], Brushfield-Wyatt syndrome, [[Cerebellar abscess]], [[Cerebral abscess]], [[Cerebral]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]], Acute infantile hemiplegia, [[Alternating hemiplegia]], [[Benedikt's syndrome]], Brushfield-Wyatt syndrome, [[Cerebellar abscess]], [[Cerebral abscess]], [[Cerebral agenesis]], Cerebral [[angioma]], [[Cerebral contusion]], [[Cerebral embolism]], [[Cerebral hemorrhage]], [[Cerebral palsy]], [[Cerebral thrombosis]], Cortical [[thrombophlebitis]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Epiloia]], [[Extradural hemorrhage]], [[Head injury]], [[Hypertensive encephalopathy]], [[Meningitis]], [[Millard-Gubler syndrome]], [[Motor neuron disease]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Pick's disease]], [[Porencephaly]], Primary neoplasm, [[Rasmussen subacute encephalitis]], Raymond-[[Foville syndrome]], [[Schilder's disease]], [[Secondary neoplasm]], [[Sphenopalatine ganglion]] stimulation, [[Stroke]], [[Sturge-Weber syndrome]], [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]], [[Subdural haematoma]], [[Toxoplasmosis]], [[Intracranial hemorrhage classification|Traumatic cerebral hemorrhage]], [[Weber's syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''Trauma''' | | '''Trauma''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Intracranial hemorrhage classification|Traumatic cerebral hemorrhage]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 254: | Line 247: | ||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | | '''Miscellaneous''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| Klippel Feil Syndrome, Birth injury | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Klippel Feil Syndrome]], Birth injury | ||
|- | |- | ||
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{MultiCol}} | |||
*[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]] | *[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]] | ||
*Acute infantile hemiplegia | *Acute infantile hemiplegia | ||
*[[Alternating hemiplegia]] | *[[Alternating hemiplegia]] | ||
*[[Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia#Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia or familial apolipoprotein A-I deficiency|Apolipoprotein A1 deficiency]] | *[[Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia#Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia or familial apolipoprotein A-I deficiency|Apolipoprotein A1 deficiency]] | ||
*[[Benedikt's syndrome]] | *[[Benedikt's syndrome]] | ||
*Birth injury | *Birth injury | ||
*[[Bone marrow]] failure neurologic abnormalities | *[[Bone marrow]] failure neurologic abnormalities | ||
*[[Brain injury]] | *[[Brain injury]] | ||
*Brushfield-Wyatt syndrome | *Brushfield-Wyatt syndrome | ||
*[[Cerebellar abscess]] | *[[Cerebellar abscess]] | ||
*[[Cerebral abscess]] | *[[Cerebral abscess]] | ||
*[[Cerebral agenesis]] | |||
*Cerebral agenesis | |||
*Cerebral [[angioma]] | *Cerebral [[angioma]] | ||
*[[Cerebral contusion]] | *[[Cerebral contusion]] | ||
*[[Cerebral embolism]] | *[[Cerebral embolism]] | ||
*[[Cerebral hemorrhage]] | *[[Cerebral hemorrhage]] | ||
*[[Cerebral palsy]] | *[[Cerebral palsy]] | ||
*[[Cerebral thrombosis]] | *[[Cerebral thrombosis]] | ||
*[[Cidofovir]] | |||
*Cortical [[thrombophlebitis]] | *Cortical [[thrombophlebitis]] | ||
*[[Encephalitis]] | *[[Encephalitis]] | ||
*[[Epiloia]] | *[[Epiloia]] | ||
*[[Extradural hematoma]] | *[[Extradural hematoma]] | ||
*[[Head injury]] | *[[Head injury]] | ||
*[[Hemorrhage]] | *[[Hemorrhage]] | ||
*[[Hydatid cyst]] | *[[Hydatid cyst]] | ||
*[[Hyper IgE syndrome]], autosomal recessive | *[[Hyper IgE syndrome]], autosomal recessive | ||
{{ColBreak}} | |||
*[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]] | *[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]] | ||
*[[Hysteria]] | *[[Hysteria]] | ||
*[[Infective endocarditis]] | *[[Infective endocarditis]] | ||
*[[Internal carotid]] agenesis | *[[Internal carotid]] agenesis | ||
*[[Klippel-Feil Syndrome]] | *[[Klippel-Feil Syndrome]] | ||
*[[Meningitis]] | *[[Meningitis]] | ||
*[[Millard-Gubler syndrome]] | *[[Millard-Gubler syndrome]] | ||
*[[Motor neuron disease]] | *[[Motor neuron disease]] | ||
*[[Multiple sclerosis]] | *[[Multiple sclerosis]] | ||
*[[Paragonimiasis]] | *[[Paragonimiasis]] | ||
*[[Pergolide]] | |||
*[[Pick's disease]] | *[[Pick's disease]] | ||
*[[Porencephaly]] | *[[Porencephaly]] | ||
*Primary neoplasm | *Primary neoplasm | ||
*[[Rasmussen subacute encephalitis]] | |||
*Rasmussen subacute | |||
*Raymond-Foville syndrome | *Raymond-Foville syndrome | ||
*[[Schilder's disease]] | *[[Schilder's disease]] | ||
*[[Secondary neoplasm]] | *[[Secondary neoplasm]] | ||
*[[Sphenopalatine ganglion]] stimulation | *[[Sphenopalatine ganglion]] stimulation | ||
*[[Stroke]] | *[[Stroke]] | ||
*[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]] | *[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]] | ||
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]] | *[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]] | ||
*[[Subdural hemorrhage]] | *[[Subdural hemorrhage]] | ||
*[[Toxoplasmosis]] | *[[Toxoplasmosis]] | ||
*[[Intracranial hemorrhage classification|Traumatic cerebral hemorrhage]] | |||
* | |||
*[[Weber's syndrome]] | *[[Weber's syndrome]] | ||
{{EndMultiCol}} | |||
==Hemiplegic migraine== | ==Hemiplegic migraine== | ||
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[[es:Hemiplejía]] | [[es:Hemiplejía]] | ||
[[fr:Hémiplégie]] | [[fr:Hémiplégie]] | ||
[[ja:片麻痺]] | [[ja:片麻痺]] | ||
[[pt:Hemiplegia]] | [[pt:Hemiplegia]] | ||
[[pl:Hemiplegia]] | [[pl:Hemiplegia]] | ||
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[[Category:Symptoms]] | [[Category:Symptoms]] | ||
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:09, 8 June 2015
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Naresh Mullaguri, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Hemiplegia is a condition where there is paralysis in one vertical half of a patient's body. This is not hemiparesis wherein one half of the body is weakened, i.e. one arm and its corresponding leg are weak. Hemiplegia is similar to hemiparesis, but hemiparesis is considered less severe.[1]
Causes
It can be congenital (occurring before, during, or soon after birth) or acquired (as from illness or stroke).
It is usually the result of a stroke, although disease processes affecting the spinal cord and other diseases affecting the hemispheres are equally capable of producing this clinical state. Hemiplegia can be a more serious consequence of stroke than spasticity.[2]
Cerebral palsy can also affect one hemisphere, resulting in limited function. This does not cause paralysis but instead causes spasms. Cerebral palsy where this is the only symptom is often referred just as hemiplegia.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus can lead to transient hemiplegia.
A rare cause of hemiplegia is due to local anaesthetic injections given intra-arterially rapidly, instead of given in a nerve branch.
Common Causes
- Stroke
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Encephalitis
- Cerebral abscess
- Cerebral palsy
- Traumatic cerebral hemorrhage
- Neoplasm
- Cerebral agenesis
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Cidofovir, Oxcarbazepine, Pergolide, Pramipexole |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | Apolipoprotein A1 deficiency |
| Hematologic | Bone marrow failure neurologic abnormalities, Hyper IgE syndrome (autosomal recessive) |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Cerebral abscess, Cerebellar abscess, Cortical thrombophlebitis, Encephalitis, Hydatid cyst, Infective endocarditis, Meningitis, Paragonimiasis, Rasmussen subacute encephalitis, Toxoplasmosis |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Acute infantile hemiplegia, Alternating hemiplegia, Benedikt's syndrome, Brushfield-Wyatt syndrome, Cerebellar abscess, Cerebral abscess, Cerebral agenesis, Cerebral angioma, Cerebral contusion, Cerebral embolism, Cerebral hemorrhage, Cerebral palsy, Cerebral thrombosis, Cortical thrombophlebitis, Encephalitis, Epiloia, Extradural hemorrhage, Head injury, Hypertensive encephalopathy, Meningitis, Millard-Gubler syndrome, Motor neuron disease, Multiple sclerosis, Pick's disease, Porencephaly, Primary neoplasm, Rasmussen subacute encephalitis, Raymond-Foville syndrome, Schilder's disease, Secondary neoplasm, Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation, Stroke, Sturge-Weber syndrome, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Subdural haematoma, Toxoplasmosis, Traumatic cerebral hemorrhage, Weber's syndrome |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Cerebral angioma, Primary neoplasm, Secondary neoplasm |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | Hysteria |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Traumatic cerebral hemorrhage |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Klippel Feil Syndrome, Birth injury |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Hemiplegic migraine
Hemiplegic migraine is a form of migraine during which the person will experience the feeling of numbness on one side of their body. This feeling will usually pass within 2-12 hour.
See also
References
- ↑ http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/gait/hemiplegic/intro.asp
- ↑ Patten C, Lexell J, Brown HE. Weakness and strength training in persons with poststroke hemiplegia: Rationale, method, and efficacy. J Rehab Res Dev 2004;41:293-312. Fulltext. PMID 15543447.
External links
- CHASA Children's Hemiplegia and Stroke Association non-profit organization
- HemiHelp, a UK based childhood hemiplegia (cerebral palsy) charity
- AHC Kids Dutch website about Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood
- Spinal Cord Injury Peer Support
Template:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes
Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs