Hemorrhagic stroke causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Intracerebral hemorrhage=== | ===Intracerebral hemorrhage=== | ||
The two major causes of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] include:<ref name="pmid22858729">{{cite journal| author=Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S et al.| title=SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage. | journal=Stroke | year= 2012 | volume= 43 | issue= 10 | pages= 2592-7 | pmid=22858729 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22858729 }} </ref><ref name=Hart> Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.</ref><ref name=Knudsen> Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. "Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria." Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539. </ref><ref name=Lovelock>Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. "Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493. </ref><ref name="pmid1117973">{{cite journal| author=Rümke CL| title=Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1975 | volume= 292 | issue= 7 | pages= 372-3 | pmid=1117973 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1117973 }} </ref> | |||
* [[hypertension|Long-standing hypertension]] | |||
* | **Hypertensive vasculopathy | ||
* [[ | * [[Cerebral amyloid angiopathy]] | ||
Other causes of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] include:<ref name="pmid22858729">{{cite journal| author=Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S et al.| title=SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage. | journal=Stroke | year= 2012 | volume= 43 | issue= 10 | pages= 2592-7 | pmid=22858729 | doi=10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22858729 }} </ref><ref name=Hart> Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.</ref><ref name=Knudsen> Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. "Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria." Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539. </ref><ref name=Lovelock>Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. "Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493. </ref><ref name="pmid1117973">{{cite journal| author=Rümke CL| title=Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1975 | volume= 292 | issue= 7 | pages= 372-3 | pmid=1117973 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1117973 }} </ref> | |||
* Vascular malformations | * Vascular malformations | ||
* | ** [[Arteriovenous malformation|Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)]] | ||
* [[ | ** [[Aneurysms]] | ||
* | * Drugs | ||
* [[ | **[[cocaine]] | ||
**[[Amphetamines]] | |||
* [[Vasculitis]] | * [[Vasculitis]] | ||
* Bleeding disorders | * Bleeding disorders | ||
** Liver disease | ** [[Liver disease]] | ||
** Anticoagulant medication | ** Anticoagulant medication | ||
** Thrombolytic therapy | ** [[Thrombolytic therapy]] | ||
* [[Tumor|Brain tumor]] | * [[Tumor|Brain tumor]] | ||
* Hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic stroke | |||
* [[Moyamoya disease]] | |||
* [[Tumor|Tumors]] | |||
* [[Central nervous system|Central nervous system (CNS)]] infection | * [[Central nervous system|Central nervous system (CNS)]] infection | ||
** [[Encephalitis]] | ** [[Encephalitis]] | ||
** [[Herpes simplex]] | ** [[Herpes simplex]] | ||
===Subarachnoid hemorrhage=== | ===Subarachnoid hemorrhage=== | ||
Common causes of [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]] include: | Common causes of [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]] include: | ||
| Line 49: | Line 43: | ||
* Mycotic [[aneurysm]] | * Mycotic [[aneurysm]] | ||
* Other [[aneurysm]]s | * Other [[aneurysm]]s | ||
* Connective tissue diseases | * [[Connective tissue disease|Connective tissue diseases]] | ||
* [[Polycystic kidney disease]] | * [[Polycystic kidney disease]] | ||
* Ruptured intracerebral [[aneurysm]] | * Ruptured intracerebral [[aneurysm]] | ||
| Line 88: | Line 82: | ||
*Subarachnoid | *Subarachnoid | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Coagulopathy]] | |[[Coagulopathy]]<ref name="pmid1924804">{{cite journal| author=Uglietta JP, O'Connor CM, Boyko OB, Aldrich H, Massey EW, Heinz ER| title=CT patterns of intracranial hemorrhage complicating thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. | journal=Radiology | year= 1991 | volume= 181 | issue= 2 | pages= 555-9 | pmid=1924804 | doi=10.1148/radiology.181.2.1924804 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1924804 }} </ref> | ||
| | | | ||
*Any | *Any | ||
*Supratentorial | |||
*Intraparenchymal | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Metastatic brain tumor | |Metastatic brain tumor | ||
Latest revision as of 18:14, 23 November 2016
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Hemorrhagic stroke Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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AHA/ASA Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2015) |
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AHA/ASA Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2012) |
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AHA/ASA Guideline Recommendation for the Primary Prevention of Stroke (2014) |
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AHA/ASA Guideline Recommendations for Prevention of Stroke in Women (2014) Sex-Specific Risk Factors
Risk Factors Commoner in Women |
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Case Studies |
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Hemorrhagic stroke causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hemorrhagic stroke causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hemorrhagic stroke causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Intracerebral hemorrhage
The two major causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Long-standing hypertension
- Hypertensive vasculopathy
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Other causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Vascular malformations
- Drugs
- Vasculitis
- Bleeding disorders
- Liver disease
- Anticoagulant medication
- Thrombolytic therapy
- Brain tumor
- Hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic stroke
- Moyamoya disease
- Tumors
- Central nervous system (CNS) infection
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage include:
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Brain tumor
- Drugs- Pergolide, Sumatriptan
- Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)
- Hemorrhagic diathesis
- Infections
- Leukemia
- Mycotic aneurysm
- Other aneurysms
- Connective tissue diseases
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Ruptured intracerebral aneurysm
Common locations based on casualty
| Cause | Common Location |
|---|---|
| Hypertensive hemorrhage |
|
| Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) | |
| Transformation of prior ischemic infarction |
|
| Aneurysm | |
| Drug |
|
| Coagulopathy[6] |
|
| Metastatic brain tumor |
|
| Amyloid angiopathy |
|
| Cavernous angioma |
|
| Head trauma |
|
| Capillary telangiectasias | |
| Dural arteriovenous fistula |
|
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S; et al. (2012). "SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage". Stroke. 43 (10): 2592–7. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603. PMID 22858729.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. "Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses." Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. "Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria." Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. "Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study." The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rümke CL (1975). "Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed". N Engl J Med. 292 (7): 372–3. PMID 1117973.
- ↑ Uglietta JP, O'Connor CM, Boyko OB, Aldrich H, Massey EW, Heinz ER (1991). "CT patterns of intracranial hemorrhage complicating thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction". Radiology. 181 (2): 555–9. doi:10.1148/radiology.181.2.1924804. PMID 1924804.