Chancroid: Difference between revisions

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	Chancroid;
	Photomicrograph of H. ducreyi

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 17:21, 18 September 2017

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease. For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Haemophilus ducreyi.

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Nate Michalak, B.A.; Serge Korjian M.D.

Synonyms and keywords: Ducrey disease; Haemophilus ducreyi; Hemophilus ducreyi; H. ducreyi

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Classification

Differentiating Chancroid from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

Haemophilus ducreyi

Template:STD/STI

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
 {{Infobox_Disease |
    Name           = Chancroid  |
    Image          = Haemophilus_ducreyi_01.jpg |
    Caption        = Photomicrograph of ''H. ducreyi''|
-  DiseasesDB     = 5563 |
-  ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|57||a|50}} |
-  ICD9           = {{ICD9|099.0}} |
-  ICDO           = |
-  OMIM           = |
-  MedlinePlus    = 000635 |
-  eMedicineSubj  = emerg |
-  eMedicineTopic = 95 |
-  MeshID         = D002602 |
 }}
-{{SI}}
+{{Chancroid}}
+{{About1|Haemophilus ducreyi}}
+'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{NRM}}; {{SSK}}
-'''Chancroid''' is a [[sexually transmitted infection]] characterized by painful sores on the genitalia. Chancroid is known to be spread from one to another individual through sexual contact.
+{{SK}} Ducrey disease; ''Haemophilus ducreyi''; ''Hemophilus ducreyi''; ''H. ducreyi''
-==Causes==
+==[[Chancroid overview|Overview]]==
-Chancroid is a [[bacterium|bacteria]]l [[infection]] caused by the [[Growth medium|fastidious]] [[Gram-negative]] streptobacillus ''[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]''. It is a disease found primarily in developing countries, associated with commercial sex workers and their clientele.
+==[[Chancroid historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-Infection levels are low in the western world, typically around one case per two million of the population (Canada, France, UK and USA). Most individuals diagnosed with chancroid have visited countries or areas where the disease is known to occur frequently, although outbreaks have been observed in association with crack cocaine use and prostitution.
+==[[Chancroid pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-Uncircumcised men are at three times greater risk than [[circumcise]]d men for contracting chancroid from an infected partner. Chancroid is a risk factor for contracting [[HIV]], due to their ecological association or shared risk of exposure, and biologically facilitated transmission of one infection by the other.
+==[[Haemophilus ducreyi|Causes]]==
-==Symptoms and signs==
+==[[Chancroid classification|Classification]]==
-After an incubation period of one day to two weeks, chancroid begins with a small bump that becomes an ulcer within a day of its appearance. The ulcer characteristically:
-*Ranges in size dramatically from 3 to 50 mm (1/8 inch to two inches) across
+==[[Chancroid differential diagnosis|Differentiating Chancroid from other Diseases]]==
-*Is painful
-*Has sharply defined, undermined borders
-*Has irregular or ragged borders
-*Has a base that is covered with a gray or yellowish-gray material
-*Has a base that bleeds easily if traumatized or scraped
-More specifically, the CDC's standard clinical definition for a probable case of chancroid includes all of the following:
+==[[Chancroid epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-*Patient has one or more painful genital ulcers. The combination of a painful ulcer with tender adenopathy is suggestive of chancroid; the presence of suppurative adenopathy is almost pathognomonic.
+==[[Chancroid risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-*No evidence of ''[[Treponema pallidum]]'' is indicated by dark-field examination of ulcer or by a serologic test for [[Syphilis]] performed at least 7 days after the onset of ulcer.
+==[[Chancroid natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-*The clinical presentation is not typical of disease caused by [[human herpesvirus 2]] ([[Herpes Simplex Virus]]), or result of culture for HSV is negative.
+==Diagnosis==
-About half of infected men have only a single ulcer. Women frequently have four or more ulcers, with fewer symptoms. The ulcers appear in specific locations, such as the coronal sulcus of the uncircumcised glans penis in men, or the fourchette and labia minora in women.
+[[Chancroid history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Chancroid physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Chancroid laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Chancroid other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-==Common locations in men (from most common to least common)==
-*[[Foreskin]] (prepuce) (most common)
-*Groove behind the head of the penis ([[coronal sulcus]])
-*Shaft of the penis
-*Head of the penis ([[glans penis]])
-*Opening of the penis (urethral meatus)
-*[[Scrotum]] (least common)
-==Common locations in women==
-In women the most common location for ulcers is the [[labia majora]]. "Kissing ulcers" may develop. These are ulcers that occur on opposing surfaces of the labia. Other areas such as the [[labia minora]], [[perineum|perineal]] area, and inner thighs may also be involved. The most common symptoms in women are pain with urination and pain with intercourse.
-The initial ulcer may be mistaken as a "hard" [[chancre]], the typical sore of primary [[syphilis]], as opposed to the "soft chancre" of chancroid.
-Approximately one third of the infected individuals will develop enlargements of the [[inguinal]] [[lymph nodes]], the nodes located in the fold between the leg and the lower abdomen.
-Half of those who develop swelling of the inguinal lymph nodes will progress to a point where the nodes rupture through the skin producing draining abscesses. The swollen lymph nodes and abscesses are often referred to as buboes.
 ==Treatment==
-The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] recommendation for chancroid is a single oral dose of [[Azythromicin]] or a single IM dose of [[Ceftriaxone]] or oral [[Erythromycin]] for seven days.
+[[Chancroid medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Chancroid prevention|Prevention]] | [[Chancroid cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Chancroid future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-==External links==
+==Case Studies==
-*[http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=healthNews&storyID=2006-05-12T224644Z_01_DIS281852_RTRUKOC_0_US-CHANCROID-VACCINE.xml Chancroid vaccine promising in pigs] in Reuters Health
+[[Chancroid case study one|Case #1]]
-<!--Disease-->
+==Related Chapters==
-<!--Bacterium-->
+*[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]
 {{STD/STI}}
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