Chancroid risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Risk factors for chancroid include: | Risk factors for chancroid include: multiple sex partners, unprotected sexual intercourse, travel to [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] areas in developing countries, lack of circumcision in males, and infection with [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)]]. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
*Multiple sex partners | *Multiple sex partners | ||
*Unprotected sexual intercourse | *Unprotected sexual intercourse | ||
*Travel to endemic areas in Africa, southeast Asia and parts of Latin America<ref | *Travel to [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] areas in Africa, southeast Asia and parts of Latin America<ref>Refugee Health Guidelines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (May 29, 2014). http://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/guidelines/domestic/sexually-transmitted-diseases/chancroid.html Accessed January 28, 2016.</ref> | ||
*Living in areas with high crack cocaine use and | *Living in areas with high crack cocaine use and prostitution<ref name="Lewis2003">{{cite journal|last1=Lewis|first1=D A|title=Chancroid: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management|journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections|volume=79|issue=1|year=2003|pages=68–71|issn=13684973|doi=10.1136/sti.79.1.68}}</ref> | ||
*Lack of circumcision in males<ref name="Van Howe2007">{{cite journal|last1=Van Howe|first1=R. S.|title=Genital ulcerative disease and sexually transmitted urethritis and circumcision: a meta-analysis|journal=International Journal of STD & AIDS|volume=18|issue=12|year=2007|pages=799–809|issn=0956-4624|doi=10.1258/095646207782717045}}</ref> | *Lack of circumcision in males<ref name="Van Howe2007">{{cite journal|last1=Van Howe|first1=R. S.|title=Genital ulcerative disease and sexually transmitted urethritis and circumcision: a meta-analysis|journal=International Journal of STD & AIDS|volume=18|issue=12|year=2007|pages=799–809|issn=0956-4624|doi=10.1258/095646207782717045}}</ref> | ||
*[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)]] infection<ref name="pmid9419194">{{cite journal| author=Dyer JR, Eron JJ, Hoffman IF, Kazembe P, Vernazza PL, Nkata E et al.| title=Association of CD4 cell depletion and elevated blood and seminal plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA concentrations with genital ulcer disease in HIV-1-infected men in Malawi. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 1998 | volume= 177 | issue= 1 | pages= 224-7 | pmid=9419194 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9419194 }} </ref> | *[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)]] infection<ref name="pmid9419194">{{cite journal| author=Dyer JR, Eron JJ, Hoffman IF, Kazembe P, Vernazza PL, Nkata E et al.| title=Association of CD4 cell depletion and elevated blood and seminal plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA concentrations with genital ulcer disease in HIV-1-infected men in Malawi. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 1998 | volume= 177 | issue= 1 | pages= 224-7 | pmid=9419194 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9419194 }} </ref> | ||
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[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | [[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Proteobacteria]] | [[Category:Proteobacteria]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Nate Michalak, B.A.; Serge Korjian M.D.
Overview
Risk factors for chancroid include: multiple sex partners, unprotected sexual intercourse, travel to endemic areas in developing countries, lack of circumcision in males, and infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
Risk Factors
- Multiple sex partners
- Unprotected sexual intercourse
- Travel to endemic areas in Africa, southeast Asia and parts of Latin America[1]
- Living in areas with high crack cocaine use and prostitution[2]
- Lack of circumcision in males[3]
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection[4]
References
- ↑ Refugee Health Guidelines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (May 29, 2014). http://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/guidelines/domestic/sexually-transmitted-diseases/chancroid.html Accessed January 28, 2016.
- ↑ Lewis, D A (2003). "Chancroid: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 79 (1): 68–71. doi:10.1136/sti.79.1.68. ISSN 1368-4973.
- ↑ Van Howe, R. S. (2007). "Genital ulcerative disease and sexually transmitted urethritis and circumcision: a meta-analysis". International Journal of STD & AIDS. 18 (12): 799–809. doi:10.1258/095646207782717045. ISSN 0956-4624.
- ↑ Dyer JR, Eron JJ, Hoffman IF, Kazembe P, Vernazza PL, Nkata E; et al. (1998). "Association of CD4 cell depletion and elevated blood and seminal plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA concentrations with genital ulcer disease in HIV-1-infected men in Malawi". J Infect Dis. 177 (1): 224–7. PMID 9419194.