Cryptosporidiosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
m (Changes made per Mahshid's request) |
||
| (15 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{USAMA}} | ||
{{Cryptosporidiosis}} | {{Cryptosporidiosis}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
The risk factors of cryptosporidiosis include malnutrition, HIV infection and unhygienic environments. Cryptosporidiosis can also affect cancer and transplant patients and those at risk of exposure to contaminated materials.<ref name="pmid28474590">{{cite journal| author=Dabas A, Shah D, Bhatnagar S, Lodha R| title=Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in Pediatric Diarrheal Illnesses. | journal=Indian Pediatr | year= 2017 | volume= 54 | issue= 4 | pages= 299-309 | pmid=28474590 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28474590 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22685452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leitch GJ, He Q |title=Cryptosporidiosis-an overview |journal=J Biomed Res |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |year=2012 |pmid=22685452 |pmc=3368497 |doi=10.1016/S1674-8301(11)60001-8 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
The risk factors for Cyptosporidiosis include:<ref name="pmid28474590">{{cite journal| author=Dabas A, Shah D, Bhatnagar S, Lodha R| title=Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in Pediatric Diarrheal Illnesses. | journal=Indian Pediatr | year= 2017 | volume= 54 | issue= 4 | pages= 299-309 | pmid=28474590 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28474590 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18715159">{{cite journal| author=Mor SM, Tzipori S| title=Cryptosporidiosis in children in Sub-Saharan Africa: a lingering challenge. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 47 | issue= 7 | pages= 915-21 | pmid=18715159 | doi=10.1086/591539 | pmc=2724762 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18715159 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3298313">{{cite journal| author=Janoff EN, Reller LB| title=Cryptosporidium species, a protean protozoan. | journal=J Clin Microbiol | year= 1987 | volume= 25 | issue= 6 | pages= 967-75 | pmid=3298313 | doi= | pmc=269118 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3298313 }} </ref> | |||
*Malutrition | |||
*[[HIV]] | |||
*Immunocompromiszed individuals (can also occur in immunocompetent) | |||
*Unhygienic environments | |||
*Certain areas like | |||
**Sub-saharan Africa | |||
*Patients with inherited diseases of [[immune system]] | |||
*Cancer patients | |||
*Transplant patients | |||
* People with greater exposure to contaminated materials are more at risk for infection, such as: | * People with greater exposure to contaminated materials are more at risk for infection, such as: | ||
** Children who attend day care centers, including diaper-aged children | ** Children who attend day care centers, including diaper-aged children | ||
| Line 17: | Line 28: | ||
** People exposed to human feces through sexual contact | ** People exposed to human feces through sexual contact | ||
** Contaminated water may include water that has not been boiled or filtered, as well as contaminated recreational water sources. Several community-wide outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been linked to drinking municipal water or recreational water contaminated with [[Cryptosporidium]]. | ** Contaminated water may include water that has not been boiled or filtered, as well as contaminated recreational water sources. Several community-wide outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been linked to drinking municipal water or recreational water contaminated with [[Cryptosporidium]]. | ||
* Persons who are [[immunocompromised]] are at increased risks of having the diseases | * Persons who are [[immunocompromised]] are at increased risks of having the diseases. Once infected, people with decreased immunity are most at risk for severe disease. The risk of developing severe disease may differ depending on each person's degree of immune suppression. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]] | [[Category:Parasitic diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:31, 18 September 2017
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]
|
Cryptosporidiosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Cryptosporidiosis risk factors On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cryptosporidiosis risk factors |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Cryptosporidiosis risk factors |
Overview
The risk factors of cryptosporidiosis include malnutrition, HIV infection and unhygienic environments. Cryptosporidiosis can also affect cancer and transplant patients and those at risk of exposure to contaminated materials.[1][2]
Risk Factors
The risk factors for Cyptosporidiosis include:[1][3][4]
- Malutrition
- HIV
- Immunocompromiszed individuals (can also occur in immunocompetent)
- Unhygienic environments
- Certain areas like
- Sub-saharan Africa
- Patients with inherited diseases of immune system
- Cancer patients
- Transplant patients
- People with greater exposure to contaminated materials are more at risk for infection, such as:
- Children who attend day care centers, including diaper-aged children
- Child care workers
- Parents of infected children
- People who take care of other people with cryptosporidiosis
- International travelers
- Backpackers, hikers, and campers who drink unfiltered, untreated water
- People who drink from untreated shallow, unprotected wells
- People, including swimmers, who swallow water from contaminated sources
- People who handle infected cattle
- People exposed to human feces through sexual contact
- Contaminated water may include water that has not been boiled or filtered, as well as contaminated recreational water sources. Several community-wide outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been linked to drinking municipal water or recreational water contaminated with Cryptosporidium.
- Persons who are immunocompromised are at increased risks of having the diseases. Once infected, people with decreased immunity are most at risk for severe disease. The risk of developing severe disease may differ depending on each person's degree of immune suppression.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dabas A, Shah D, Bhatnagar S, Lodha R (2017). "Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in Pediatric Diarrheal Illnesses". Indian Pediatr. 54 (4): 299–309. PMID 28474590.
- ↑ Leitch GJ, He Q (2012). "Cryptosporidiosis-an overview". J Biomed Res. 25 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1016/S1674-8301(11)60001-8. PMC 3368497. PMID 22685452.
- ↑ Mor SM, Tzipori S (2008). "Cryptosporidiosis in children in Sub-Saharan Africa: a lingering challenge". Clin Infect Dis. 47 (7): 915–21. doi:10.1086/591539. PMC 2724762. PMID 18715159.
- ↑ Janoff EN, Reller LB (1987). "Cryptosporidium species, a protean protozoan". J Clin Microbiol. 25 (6): 967–75. PMC 269118. PMID 3298313.