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| {{Guillain-Barré syndrome}} | | {{Guillain-Barré syndrome}} |
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| {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org] | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com] |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| '''Guillain-Barré syndrome''' ('''GBS''') is an acute, autoimmune, [[neuropathy|polyradiculoneuropathy]] affecting the [[peripheral nervous system]], usually triggered by an acute infectious process. It is included in the wider group of [[peripheral neuropathy|peripheral neuropathies]]. There are several types of GBS, but unless otherwise stated, GBS refers to the most common form, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). It is frequently severe and usually exhibits as an ascending paralysis noted by weakness in the legs that spreads to the upper limbs and the face along with complete loss of deep tendon reflexes. With prompt treatment of [[plasmapheresis]] followed by [[immunoglobulins]] and supportive care, the majority of patients will regain full functional capacity. However, death may occur if severe pulmonary complications and [[dysautonomia]] are present.
| | Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute, [[autoimmune]], [[neuropathy|polyradiculoneuropathy]] affecting the [[peripheral nervous system]], usually triggered by an acute infectious process. It is included in the wider group of [[peripheral neuropathy|peripheral neuropathies]]. |
| ==Differential diagnosis==
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| ===Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Encephalitis===
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| (By organ system)
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| {|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Botulism]], [[Catscratch Disease]], [[Leptospirosis]], [[Tick-Borne Diseases]], [[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]], [[Toxoplasmosis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cauda Equina and Conus Medullaris Syndromes]], [[Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy]], [[Myasthenia Gravis]], [[Status Epilepticus]], [[Subarachnoid Hemorrhage]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| Hypoglycemia
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Opthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Heavy Metal Toxicity]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tuberculosis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |}
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| * acute myelopathies with chronic back pain and sphincter dysfunction
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| * [[botulism]] with early loss of pupillary reactivity
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| * [[diphtheria]] with early oropharyngeal dysfunction
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| * [[Lyme disease]] polyradiculitis and other tick-borne paralyses
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| * [[porphyria]] with abdominal pain, seizures, psychosis
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| * vasculitis neuropathy
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| * [[poliomyelitis]] with fever and meningeal signs
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| * [[CMV]] polyradiculitis in immunocompromised patients
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| * critical illness neuropathy
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| * [[myasthenia gravis]]
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| * poisonings with [[organophosphate]], poison hemlock, [[thallium]], or [[arsenic]]
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| * paresis caused by West Nile Virus
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
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| [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] |
| [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] |
| [[Category:Neurology]] | | [[Category:Neurology]] |
| [[Category:Immunology]] | | [[Category:Immunology]] |
| [[Category:Syndromes]]
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| [[Category:Overview complete]]
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| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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