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| {{Hepatitis B}} | | __NOTOC__ |
| | {{HIV coinfection with hepatitis b}} |
| | '''For main chapter on AIDS, click [[AIDS|here]]''' |
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| | '''For main chapter on HIV, click [[HIV|here]]''' |
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| | '''For main chapter on Hepatitis B, click [[Hepatitis B|here]]''' |
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| {{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]] [mailto:urastogi@perfuse.org] | | {{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]] [mailto:urastogi@perfuse.org] |
| ==Overview==
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| Co infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common due to shared routes of transmission.
| | ==[[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b overview|Overview]]== |
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| | ==[[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| | ==[[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b causes|Causes]]== |
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| ==Epidemiology== | | ==[[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b differential diagnosis|Differentiating HIV coinfection with hepatitis b from other Diseases]]== |
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| In areas of low endemicity, such as North America, Australia and Europe, HBV and HIV infection are usually acquired in adulthood through sexual or percutaneous transmission. In areas of low endemicity, the prevalence of chronic co infection is around 5-7% among HIV-infected individuals.<ref name="pmid16352363">{{cite journal |author=Alter MJ |title=Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=44 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=S6–9 |year=2006 |pmid=16352363 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.004 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168-8278(05)00726-9 |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref> In countries with intermediate and high HBV endemicity, the main routes of transmission of HBV are perinatal or in early childhood; in these countries HBV co infection rates are 10-20%.<ref name="pmid18492625">{{cite journal |author=Lee HC, Ko NY, Lee NY, Chang CM, Ko WC |title=Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted disease among adults with recently diagnosed HIV infection in Southern Taiwan, 2000-2005: upsurge in hepatitis C virus infections among injection drug users |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=107 |issue=5 |pages=404–11 |year=2008 |month=May |pmid=18492625 |doi=10.1016/S0929-6646(08)60106-0 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0929-6646(08)60106-0 |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref><ref name="pmid18555534">{{cite journal |author=Nyirenda M, Beadsworth MB, Stephany P, Hart CA, Hart IJ, Munthali C, Beeching NJ, Zijlstra EE |title=Prevalence of infection with hepatitis B and C virus and coinfection with HIV in medical inpatients in Malawi |journal=J. Infect. |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=72–7 |year=2008 |month=July |pmid=18555534 |doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2008.05.004 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0163-4453(08)00167-9 |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref><ref name="pmid18551596">{{cite journal |author=Diop-Ndiaye H, Touré-Kane C, Etard JF, Lô G, Diaw P, Ngom-Gueye NF, Gueye PM, Ba-Fall K, Ndiaye I, Sow PS, Delaporte E, Mboup S |title=Hepatitis B, C seroprevalence and delta viruses in HIV-1 Senegalese patients at HAART initiation (retrospective study) |journal=J. Med. Virol. |volume=80 |issue=8 |pages=1332–6 |year=2008 |month=August |pmid=18551596 |doi=10.1002/jmv.21236 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21236 |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref>
| | ==[[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| ==Natural History== | | ==[[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
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| The rate of progression and complications from viral hepatitis are accelerated in patients with HIV co infection.<ref name="pmid16964824">{{cite journal |author=Puoti M, Cozzi-Lepri A, Paraninfo G, Arici C, Moller NF, Lundgren JD, Ledergerber B, Rickenbach M, Suarez-Lozano I, Garrido M, Dabis F, Winnock M, Milazzo L, Gervais A, Raffi F, Gill J, Rockstroh J, Ourishi N, Mussini C, Castagna A, De Luca A, Monforte A |title=Impact of lamivudine on the risk of liver-related death in 2,041 HBsAg- and HIV-positive individuals: results from an inter-cohort analysis |journal=Antivir. Ther. (Lond.) |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=567–74 |year=2006 |pmid=16964824 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref><ref name="pmid19399813">{{cite journal |author=Thio CL |title=Hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection |journal=Hepatology |volume=49 |issue=5 Suppl |pages=S138–45 |year=2009 |month=May |pmid=19399813 |doi=10.1002/hep.22883 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.22883 |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref> After acquiring HBV infection, HIV infected individuals are 6 times more likely to develop chronic hepatitis B than HIV negative individuals.<ref name="pmid2019762">{{cite journal |author=Bodsworth NJ, Cooper DA, Donovan B |title=The influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on the development of the hepatitis B virus carrier state |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=163 |issue=5 |pages=1138–40 |year=1991 |month=May |pmid=2019762 |doi= |url=http://www.jid.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=2019762 |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref><ref name="pmid1825315">{{cite journal |author=Hadler SC, Judson FN, O'Malley PM, Altman NL, Penley K, Buchbinder S, Schable CA, Coleman PJ, Ostrow DN, Francis DP |title=Outcome of hepatitis B virus infection in homosexual men and its relation to prior human immunodeficiency virus infection |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=163 |issue=3 |pages=454–9 |year=1991 |month=March |pmid=1825315 |doi= |url=http://www.jid.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1825315 |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref><ref name="pmid10795602">{{cite journal |author=Gatanaga H, Yasuoka A, Kikuchi Y, Tachikawa N, Oka S |title=Influence of prior HIV-1 infection on the development of chronic hepatitis B infection |journal=Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=237–9 |year=2000 |month=March |pmid=10795602 |doi= |url=http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/10096/bibs/0019003/00190237.htm |accessdate=2012-03-29}}</ref> This was more
| | ==[[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b screening|Screening]]== |
| likely to occur in HIV infected men with lower CD4 cells.
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| ==Reference== | | ==[[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| {{reflist|2}}
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| | ==Diagnosis== |
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| | [[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| | ==Treatment== |
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| | [[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b prevention|Prevention]] | [[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| | ==Case Studies== |
| | [[HIV coinfection with hepatitis b case study one|Case #1]] |
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| | ==Related Chapters== |
| | * [[Coinfection]] |
| | * [[AIDS]] |
| | * [[HIV disease]] |
| | * [[Hepatitis C with HIV coinfection]] |
| | * [[Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection]] |
| | * [[HIV and tuberculosis coinfection : drug interaction]] |
| | * [[HIV and pregnancy]] |
| | * [[Hepatitis]] |
| | * [[Jaundice]] |
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| [[Category:Hepatitis|B]]
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| [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| | {{WH}} |
| | {{WS}} |