Hypoaldosteronism history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{Hypoaldosteronism}} | {{Hypoaldosteronism}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Akshun}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Hypoaldosteronism often has a gradual onset. Patients of hypoaldosteronism should be enquired about the use of [[drugs]] that can alter aldosterone production or function. These drugs include [[ACE inhibitors]], [[angiotensin receptor blockers]] and [[NSAIDs]]. The most common [[symptoms]] of hypoaldosteronism include [[fatigue]], [[muscle weakness]], and [[Hypotension|low blood pressure]]. Other less common [[symptoms]] of hypoaldosteronism include [[hyperpigmentation]], [[gastrointestinal]] disturbances, and [[abdominal pain]]. | |||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
===History=== | ===History=== | ||
Obtaining a [[History and Physical examination|history]] gives important information in making a [[diagnosis]] of hypoaldosteronism. It provides an insight into the cause, precipitating factors, and associated [[comorbid]] conditions. A complete [[History and Physical examination|history]] will help determine the correct [[therapy]] and helps in determining the [[prognosis]]. Hypoaldosteronism patients are usually asymptomatic. Patients with hypoaldosteronism may have a positive history of: | Obtaining a [[History and Physical examination|history]] gives important information in making a [[diagnosis]] of hypoaldosteronism. It provides an insight into the [[Causes|cause]], precipitating factors, and associated [[comorbid]] conditions. A complete [[History and Physical examination|history]] will help determine the correct [[therapy]] and helps in determining the [[prognosis]]. Hypoaldosteronism patients are usually [[asymptomatic]]. Patients with hypoaldosteronism may have a positive history of:<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:14-15</ref><ref name="pmid21883995">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raebel MA |title=Hyperkalemia associated with use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers |journal=Cardiovasc Ther |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=e156–66 |year=2012 |pmid=21883995 |doi=10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00258.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15786818">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mann JF, Yi QL, Sleight P, Dagenais GR, Gerstein HC, Lonn EM, Bosch J |title=Serum potassium, cardiovascular risk, and effects of an ACE inhibitor: results of the HOPE study |journal=Clin. Nephrol. |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=181–7 |year=2005 |pmid=15786818 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Renal disease | *[[Renal disease]] | ||
*Diabetes mellitus | *[[Diabetes mellitus]] | ||
*History of fatigue | *History of [[fatigue]] | ||
*Episodes of lightheadedness and palpitations | *Episodes of [[lightheadedness]] and [[palpitations]] | ||
*Drug use such as | *Drug use such as [[ACE inhibitors]], [[angiotensin receptor blockers]] and [[NSAIDs]] | ||
*Craving for [[salty]] food | |||
===Common Symptoms=== | ===Common Symptoms=== | ||
Common symptoms of hypoaldosteronism include: | Common [[symptoms]] of hypoaldosteronism include:<ref name="pmid12138150">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rodríguez Soriano J |title=Renal tubular acidosis: the clinical entity |journal=J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. |volume=13 |issue=8 |pages=2160–70 |year=2002 |pmid=12138150 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7004370">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tan SY, Burton M |title=Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. An overlooked cause of hyperkalemia |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=141 |issue=1 |pages=30–3 |year=1981 |pmid=7004370 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23633816">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sarkar SB, Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Bandyopadhyay S |title=Addison's disease |journal=Contemp Clin Dent |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=484–6 |year=2012 |pmid=23633816 |pmc=3636818 |doi=10.4103/0976-237X.107450 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12788587">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arlt W, Allolio B |title=Adrenal insufficiency |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9372 |pages=1881–93 |year=2003 |pmid=12788587 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13492-7 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* | *[[Fatigue|Chronic fatigue]] | ||
* | * [[Low blood pressure]] | ||
* | * [[Lightheadedness]] | ||
*Muscle weakness | * [[Palpitations]] | ||
* | * [[Muscle weakness]] | ||
* Weight loss | * [[Anorexia]] | ||
* | * [[Weight loss]] | ||
* [[Salt]] craving | |||
* [[Dizziness]] | |||
* Dizziness | |||
===Less Common Symptoms=== | ===Less Common Symptoms=== | ||
Less common symptoms of [ | Less common [[symptoms]] of hypoaldosteronism include:<ref name="pmid10232050">{{cite journal |vauthors=Torpy DJ, Stratakis CA, Chrousos GP |title=Hyper- and hypoaldosteronism |journal=Vitam. Horm. |volume=57 |issue= |pages=177–216 |year=1999 |pmid=10232050 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[ | * [[Hyperpigmentation]] | ||
*[ | * [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]] disturbances | ||
*[ | * [[Abdominal pain]] | ||
* [[Depression]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Endocrinology]] | |||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | |||
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Latest revision as of 16:40, 18 October 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Hypoaldosteronism often has a gradual onset. Patients of hypoaldosteronism should be enquired about the use of drugs that can alter aldosterone production or function. These drugs include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and NSAIDs. The most common symptoms of hypoaldosteronism include fatigue, muscle weakness, and low blood pressure. Other less common symptoms of hypoaldosteronism include hyperpigmentation, gastrointestinal disturbances, and abdominal pain.
History and Symptoms
History
Obtaining a history gives important information in making a diagnosis of hypoaldosteronism. It provides an insight into the cause, precipitating factors, and associated comorbid conditions. A complete history will help determine the correct therapy and helps in determining the prognosis. Hypoaldosteronism patients are usually asymptomatic. Patients with hypoaldosteronism may have a positive history of:[1][2][3]
- Renal disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- History of fatigue
- Episodes of lightheadedness and palpitations
- Drug use such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and NSAIDs
- Craving for salty food
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of hypoaldosteronism include:[4][5][6][7]
- Chronic fatigue
- Low blood pressure
- Lightheadedness
- Palpitations
- Muscle weakness
- Anorexia
- Weight loss
- Salt craving
- Dizziness
Less Common Symptoms
Less common symptoms of hypoaldosteronism include:[8]
- Hyperpigmentation
- Gastrointestinal disturbances
- Abdominal pain
- Depression
References
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:14-15
- ↑ Raebel MA (2012). "Hyperkalemia associated with use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers". Cardiovasc Ther. 30 (3): e156–66. doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00258.x. PMID 21883995.
- ↑ Mann JF, Yi QL, Sleight P, Dagenais GR, Gerstein HC, Lonn EM, Bosch J (2005). "Serum potassium, cardiovascular risk, and effects of an ACE inhibitor: results of the HOPE study". Clin. Nephrol. 63 (3): 181–7. PMID 15786818.
- ↑ Rodríguez Soriano J (2002). "Renal tubular acidosis: the clinical entity". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13 (8): 2160–70. PMID 12138150.
- ↑ Tan SY, Burton M (1981). "Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. An overlooked cause of hyperkalemia". Arch. Intern. Med. 141 (1): 30–3. PMID 7004370.
- ↑ Sarkar SB, Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Bandyopadhyay S (2012). "Addison's disease". Contemp Clin Dent. 3 (4): 484–6. doi:10.4103/0976-237X.107450. PMC 3636818. PMID 23633816.
- ↑ Arlt W, Allolio B (2003). "Adrenal insufficiency". Lancet. 361 (9372): 1881–93. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13492-7. PMID 12788587.
- ↑ Torpy DJ, Stratakis CA, Chrousos GP (1999). "Hyper- and hypoaldosteronism". Vitam. Horm. 57: 177–216. PMID 10232050.