Primary hyperaldosteronism epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{Primary hyperaldosteronism}} | {{Primary hyperaldosteronism}} | ||
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== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism is from 1,400-32,000 (median, 8,800) per 100,000 individuals around the world. Primary hyperaldosteronism incidence among patients with newly diagnosed [[hypertension]] is 11,200 of per 100,000 individuals. The case-fatality rate of primary hyperaldosteronism is approximately 23.4 per 1,000 individual-years. Patients of all age groups may develop primary hyperaldosteronism. There is no racial predilection for primary hyperaldosteronism. | |||
== Epidemiology and Demographics == | == Epidemiology and Demographics == | ||
=== Prevalence === | === Prevalence === | ||
* | *Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism varies from 1,400 to 32,000 (median, 8,800) per 100,000 individuals around the world.<ref name="pmid18327065">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rossi GP, Pessina AC, Heagerty AM |title=Primary aldosteronism: an update on screening, diagnosis and treatment |journal=J. Hypertens. |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=613–21 |year=2008 |pmid=18327065 |doi=10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f4b3e6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17175520">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rossi GP, Seccia TM, Pessina AC |title=Clinical use of laboratory tests for the identification of secondary forms of arterial hypertension |journal=Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=1–85 |year=2007 |pmid=17175520 |doi=10.1080/10408360600931831 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*In patients with resistant hypertension, the prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism is reported to be even higher, ranging from a low of 17,000 per 100,000 patients to a high of | *In patients with resistant [[hypertension]], the prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism is reported to be even higher, ranging from a low of 17,000 per 100,000 patients to a high of 23,000 per 100,000 patients.<ref name="pmid20498828">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stowasser M, Taylor PJ, Pimenta E, Ahmed AH, Gordon RD |title=Laboratory investigation of primary aldosteronism |journal=Clin Biochem Rev |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=39–56 |year=2010 |pmid=20498828 |pmc=2874431 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | ||
*The prevalence of familial hyperaldosteronism type II ranges from 1.2 to 6% in adult populations of primary hyperaldosteronism.<ref name="pmid10994747">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stowasser M, Gordon RD |title=Primary aldosteronism: learning from the study of familial varieties |journal=J. Hypertens. |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1165–76 |year=2000 |pmid=10994747 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | |||
*The prevalence of | |||
=== Incidence === | === Incidence === | ||
* Primary hyperaldosteronism incidence among patients with newly diagnosed [[hypertension]] is 11,200 of per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid20665130">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rossi GP |title=Prevalence and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism |journal=Curr. Hypertens. Rep. |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=342–8 |year=2010 |pmid=20665130 |doi=10.1007/s11906-010-0134-2 |url=}}</ref> | |||
=== Case-Fatality rate === | === Case-Fatality rate === | ||
* The case-fatality rate of primary hyperaldosteronism is approximately 23.4 per 1,000 individual-years.<ref name="WuWang2016">{{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Vin-Cent|last2=Wang|first2=Shuo-Meng|last3=Chang|first3=Chia-Hui|last4=Hu|first4=Ya-Hui|last5=Lin|first5=Lian-Yu|last6=Lin|first6=Yen-Hung|last7=Chueh|first7=Shih-Chieh Jeff|last8=Chen|first8=Likwang|last9=Wu|first9=Kwan-Dun|title=Long term outcome of Aldosteronism after target treatments|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=6|issue=1|year=2016|issn=2045-2322|doi=10.1038/srep32103}}</ref> | |||
=== Age === | === Age === | ||
* Patients of all age groups may develop primary hyperaldosteronism. | |||
=== Gender === | === Gender === | ||
* Familial hyperaldosteronism type I accounts for 0.5 to 1.0% of primary hyperaldosteronism and occurs equally among women and men.<ref name="urlEvidence for Abnormal Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Normotensive Individuals with Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type I | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic">{{cite web |url=https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-0681 |title=Evidence for Abnormal Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Normotensive Individuals with Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type I | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |format= |work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
* Males are more commonly affected by unilateral [[adrenal hyperplasia]] than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 4 to 1. | |||
* Females are more commonly affected by [[Adrenal gland|adrenal]] [[Adenoma|adenomas]]. | |||
* Bilateral [[adrenal hyperplasia]] affects men and women equally.<ref name="pmid16985748">{{cite journal| author=Woo K, Waisman J, Melamed J, Lepor H| title=Primary aldosteronism caused by unilateral adrenal hyperplasia. | journal=Rev Urol | year= 2000 | volume= 2 | issue= 2 | pages= 100-4 | pmid=16985748 | doi= | pmc=1476104 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16985748 }}</ref> | |||
=== Race === | === Race === | ||
*There is no racial predilection for primary hyperaldosteronism.<ref name="pmid12468575">{{cite journal |vauthors=Calhoun DA, Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, Thakkar RB, Weissmann P |title=Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant hypertension |journal=Hypertension |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=892–6 |year=2002 |pmid=12468575 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | *There is no racial predilection for primary hyperaldosteronism.<ref name="pmid12468575">{{cite journal |vauthors=Calhoun DA, Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, Thakkar RB, Weissmann P |title=Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant hypertension |journal=Hypertension |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=892–6 |year=2002 |pmid=12468575 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | ||
*Blacks have been found to have lower plasma renin activity than other populations.<ref name="pmid2383374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee MR, Critchley JA, Gordon CJ, Makarananda K, Sriwatanakul K, Balali-Mood M, Boye GL |title=Ethnic differences in the renal sodium dopamine relationship. A possible explanation for regional variations in the prevalence of hypertension? |journal=Am. J. Hypertens. |volume=3 |issue=6 Pt 2 |pages=100S–103S |year=1990 |pmid=2383374 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | *Blacks have been found to have lower plasma renin activity than other populations.<ref name="pmid2383374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee MR, Critchley JA, Gordon CJ, Makarananda K, Sriwatanakul K, Balali-Mood M, Boye GL |title=Ethnic differences in the renal sodium dopamine relationship. A possible explanation for regional variations in the prevalence of hypertension? |journal=Am. J. Hypertens. |volume=3 |issue=6 Pt 2 |pages=100S–103S |year=1990 |pmid=2383374 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]
Overview
Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism is from 1,400-32,000 (median, 8,800) per 100,000 individuals around the world. Primary hyperaldosteronism incidence among patients with newly diagnosed hypertension is 11,200 of per 100,000 individuals. The case-fatality rate of primary hyperaldosteronism is approximately 23.4 per 1,000 individual-years. Patients of all age groups may develop primary hyperaldosteronism. There is no racial predilection for primary hyperaldosteronism.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism varies from 1,400 to 32,000 (median, 8,800) per 100,000 individuals around the world.[1][2]
- In patients with resistant hypertension, the prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism is reported to be even higher, ranging from a low of 17,000 per 100,000 patients to a high of 23,000 per 100,000 patients.[3]
- The prevalence of familial hyperaldosteronism type II ranges from 1.2 to 6% in adult populations of primary hyperaldosteronism.[4]
Incidence
- Primary hyperaldosteronism incidence among patients with newly diagnosed hypertension is 11,200 of per 100,000 individuals.[5]
Case-Fatality rate
- The case-fatality rate of primary hyperaldosteronism is approximately 23.4 per 1,000 individual-years.[6]
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop primary hyperaldosteronism.
Gender
- Familial hyperaldosteronism type I accounts for 0.5 to 1.0% of primary hyperaldosteronism and occurs equally among women and men.[7]
- Males are more commonly affected by unilateral adrenal hyperplasia than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 4 to 1.
- Females are more commonly affected by adrenal adenomas.
- Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia affects men and women equally.[8]
Race
- There is no racial predilection for primary hyperaldosteronism.[9]
- Blacks have been found to have lower plasma renin activity than other populations.[10]
References
- ↑ Rossi GP, Pessina AC, Heagerty AM (2008). "Primary aldosteronism: an update on screening, diagnosis and treatment". J. Hypertens. 26 (4): 613–21. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f4b3e6. PMID 18327065.
- ↑ Rossi GP, Seccia TM, Pessina AC (2007). "Clinical use of laboratory tests for the identification of secondary forms of arterial hypertension". Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 44 (1): 1–85. doi:10.1080/10408360600931831. PMID 17175520.
- ↑ Stowasser M, Taylor PJ, Pimenta E, Ahmed AH, Gordon RD (2010). "Laboratory investigation of primary aldosteronism". Clin Biochem Rev. 31 (2): 39–56. PMC 2874431. PMID 20498828.
- ↑ Stowasser M, Gordon RD (2000). "Primary aldosteronism: learning from the study of familial varieties". J. Hypertens. 18 (9): 1165–76. PMID 10994747.
- ↑ Rossi GP (2010). "Prevalence and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism". Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 12 (5): 342–8. doi:10.1007/s11906-010-0134-2. PMID 20665130.
- ↑ Wu, Vin-Cent; Wang, Shuo-Meng; Chang, Chia-Hui; Hu, Ya-Hui; Lin, Lian-Yu; Lin, Yen-Hung; Chueh, Shih-Chieh Jeff; Chen, Likwang; Wu, Kwan-Dun (2016). "Long term outcome of Aldosteronism after target treatments". Scientific Reports. 6 (1). doi:10.1038/srep32103. ISSN 2045-2322.
- ↑ "Evidence for Abnormal Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Normotensive Individuals with Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type I | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic".
- ↑ Woo K, Waisman J, Melamed J, Lepor H (2000). "Primary aldosteronism caused by unilateral adrenal hyperplasia". Rev Urol. 2 (2): 100–4. PMC 1476104. PMID 16985748.
- ↑ Calhoun DA, Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, Thakkar RB, Weissmann P (2002). "Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant hypertension". Hypertension. 40 (6): 892–6. PMID 12468575.
- ↑ Lee MR, Critchley JA, Gordon CJ, Makarananda K, Sriwatanakul K, Balali-Mood M, Boye GL (1990). "Ethnic differences in the renal sodium dopamine relationship. A possible explanation for regional variations in the prevalence of hypertension?". Am. J. Hypertens. 3 (6 Pt 2): 100S–103S. PMID 2383374.