Bone or cartilage mass evaluation

Bone or Cartilage Mass Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

The evaluation of bone or cartilage mass will depend on detailed medical history, age, and morphology of the lesion.

Bone or Cartilage Mass Evaluation

The algorithm below summarizes the initial bone and cartilage mass evaluation that differentiate bone and cartilage tumors according to detailed history, age, and morphology of the lesion.

Adult Bone or Cartilage Mass Evaluation

Initial patients evaluation

History and Symptoms ❑ Bone pain: characteristics ❑ Response to analgesics ❑ Recent fracture ❑ Personal history of cancer Physical examination ❑ Local swelling or mass Age

Imaging

1) Conventional radiography ❑ What type of bone is involved? ❑ Location of the lesion ❑ Morphology of the lesion ❑ Type of calcified matrix involved ❑ Size 2) CT/MRI scan

Children and adolescents

Adults

See pediatric evaluation of bone and cartilage mass

Lesion characteristics

Well-defined Listed in frequency order

Ill-defined lesions Listed in frequency order

Sclerotic lesions Listed in frequency order

❑ Metastases ❑ Myeloma ❑ Lymphoma ❑ Bone cyst ❑ Brown tumor

❑ Metastases ❑ Giant cell tumor ❑ Myeloma ❑ Chondrosarcoma

❑ Enchondroma ❑ Osteoma ❑ Fibrous dysplasia ❑ Bone islands ❑ Infection

Pediatric Bone or Cartilage Mass Evaluation

Initial patients evaluation

History and Symptoms ❑ Bone pain: characteristics ❑ Response to analgesics ❑ Recent fracture ❑ Personal history of cancer ❑ Failure to thrive Physical examination ❑ Local swelling or mass Age

Imaging

1) Conventional radiography ❑ What type of bone is involved? ❑ Location of the lesion ❑ Morphology of the lesion ❑ Type of calcified matrix involved ❑ Size 2) CT/MRI scan

Adults

Children and adolescents

See adult evaluation of bone and cartilage mass

Lesion characteristics

Well-defined Listed in frequency order

Ill-defined lesions Listed in frequency order

Sclerotic lesions Listed in frequency order

❑ Simple bone cyst ❑ Infection ❑ Fibrous dysplasia ❑ Aneurysmal bone cyst ❑ Non ossifying fibroma ❑ Chondroblastoma ❑ Chondromyxoid fibroma

❑ Ewing tumor ❑ Osteosarcoma ❑ Infection ❑ Eosinophilic granuloma

❑ Osteosarcoma ❑ Osteoid osteoma ❑ Fibrous dysplasia ❑ Eosinophilic granuloma ❑ Infection