Toxic megacolon: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 16:06, 29 November 2017

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Megacolon toxicum; Toxic colitis

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Toxic Megacolon from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:Gastroenterology

Template:WikiDoc Sources

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 __NOTOC__
-{{Infobox_Disease |
+'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
-  Name           = {{PAGENAME}} |
-  Image          = |
-  Caption        = |
-  DiseasesDB     = 27702 |
-  ICD10          = {{ICD10|K|59|3|k|55}} |
-  ICD9           = {{ICD9|564.7}} |
-  ICDO           = |
-  OMIM           = |
-  MedlinePlus    = |
-  eMedicineSubj  = med |
-  eMedicineTopic = 1418 |
-  eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|radio|702}} |
-  MeshID         = D008532 |
-}}
-{{SI}}
-{{CMG}}
-{{SK}} Megacolon toxicum
+{{Toxic megacolon}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{F.K}}
-==Overview==
+{{SK}} Megacolon toxicum; Toxic colitis
-'''Toxic megacolon''' (''[[megacolon toxicum]]'') is a life-threatening complication of other intestinal conditions. It is characterized by a very dilated [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]] ([[megacolon]]), accompanied by abdominal distension ([[bloating]]), and sometimes [[fever]], [[abdominal pain]], or [[Shock (medical)|shock]].
-Toxic megacolon is most usually a [[Complication (medicine)|complication]] of [[inflammatory bowel disease]], such as [[ulcerative colitis]] and, more rarely, [[Crohn’s disease]], and some [[infections]] of the colon. Other forms of megacolon exist and can be [[congenital]] (present since birth, such as [[Hirschsprung's disease]]) or associated with some forms of [[constipation]].
+==[[Toxic megacolon overview|Overview]]==
-==Symptoms==
+==[[Toxic megacolon historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-*[[Abdominal pain]]
-*[[Bloating|Abdominal bloating]]
-*Abdominal tenderness
-*[[Fever]]
-*[[Tachycardia]] (rapid heart rate)
-*[[Dehydration]]
-There may be signs of [[septic shock]]. A [[physical examination]] reveals abdominal tenderness and possible loss of bowel sounds. An abdominal [[radiography]] shows colonic dilation. There is usually an elevated [[white blood cell]] count. Severe sepsis may present with hypothermia or [[leukopenia]].
+==[[Toxic megacolon pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-==Treatment==
+==[[Toxic megacolon causes|Causes]]==
-The objective of treatment is to decompress the bowel and to prevent swallowed air from further distending the bowel. If decompression is not achieved or the patient does not improve within 24 hours, a [[colectomy]] (surgical removal of all or part of the colon) is indicated. Fluid and electrolyte replacement help to prevent dehydration and shock. Use of [[corticosteroid]]s may be indicated to suppress the [[inflammatory]] reaction in the colon if megacolon has resulted from active inflammatory bowel disease. [[Antibiotics]] may be given to prevent [[sepsis]] (a severe infection).
+==[[Toxic megacolon differential diagnosis|Differentiating Toxic Megacolon from other Diseases]]==
+==[[Toxic megacolon epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-==Prognosis==
+==[[Toxic megacolon risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-If the condition does not improve, there is a significant risk of death. In case of poor response to conservative therapy a colectomy is usually required.
-==Complications==
+==[[Toxic megacolon natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-*Sepsis
-*Shock
-*Perforation of the colon
-Emergency action may be required if severe abdominal pain develops -- particularly if it is accompanied by fever, rapid heart rate, tenderness when the abdomen is pressed, bloody [[diarrhea]], frequent diarrhea, or painful bowel movements.
+==Diagnosis==
+[[Toxic megacolon history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Toxic megacolon physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Toxic megacolon laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Toxic megacolon abdominal x ray|Abdominal X Ray]] | [[Toxic megacolon CT|CT]] | [[Toxic megacolon MRI|MRI]] | [[Toxic megacolon other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Toxic megacolon other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-== External links ==
+==Treatment==
-*[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000248.htm Toxic megacolon]. National Institutes of Health. Used as the public domain source for this article. Update on 1/26/2004 by: Sreeni Jonnalagadda, M.D., Interventional and Pancreatobiliary Endoscopy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
+[[Toxic megacolon medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Toxic megacolon surgery|Surgery]] | [[Toxic megacolon primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Toxic megacolon secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Toxic megacolon cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Toxic megacolon future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
+== Case Studies ==
+[[Toxic megacolon case study one|Case #1]]
 {{Gastroenterology}}
@@ Line 56: / Line 36: @@
 [[Category:Surgery]]
 [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
+[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
 [[fr:mégacôlon toxique]]

Toxic megacolon: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:06, 29 November 2017

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