Toxic megacolon epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Toxic megacolon}} | {{Toxic megacolon}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{F.K}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The precise incidence of toxic megacolon is unknown in general population. The incidence of toxic megacolon in the associated disorders including [[ulcerative colitis]] and [[Crohn's disease]] is 1000-2500 in 100,000 cases and 4400-6300 in 100,000 cases, respectively. The mortality rate of toxic megacolon associated with [[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']] is approximately 38%-80%. | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*The precise incidence of toxic megacolon is unknown in general population. The incidence of toxic megacolon in the associated disorders including | *The precise incidence of toxic megacolon is unknown in general population. The incidence of toxic megacolon in the associated disorders including [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Crohn's disease]] and [[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']] is:<ref name="GanBeck2003">{{cite journal|last1=Gan|first1=S. Ian|last2=Beck|first2=P. L.|title=A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management|journal=The American Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=98|issue=11|year=2003|pages=2363–2371|issn=0002-9270|doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x}}</ref><ref name="pmid7352781">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grieco MB, Bordan DL, Geiss AC, Beil AR |title=Toxic megacolon complicating Crohn's colitis |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=191 |issue=1 |pages=75–80 |year=1980 |pmid=7352781 |pmc=1344622 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="Sayedy2010">{{cite journal|last1=Sayedy|first1=Leena|title=Toxic megacolon associatedClostridium difficilecolitis|journal=World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy|volume=2|issue=8|year=2010|pages=293|issn=1948-5190|doi=10.4253/wjge.v2.i8.293}}</ref> | ||
**1000-2500 in 100,000 cases of the [[ulcerative colitis]] | **1000-2500 in 100,000 cases of the [[ulcerative colitis]]. | ||
**4400-6300 in 100,000 cases of the [[Crohn's disease]] | **4400-6300 in 100,000 cases of the [[Crohn's disease]]. | ||
**400-3000 in 100,000 cases of the [[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']]. | |||
* | |||
===Mortality rate=== | ===Mortality rate=== | ||
*The mortality rate of toxic megacolon associated with clostridium difficile is approximately % | *The mortality rate of toxic megacolon associated with clostridium difficile is approximately 38%-80%.<ref name="pmid18519126">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hall JF, Berger D |title=Outcome of colectomy for Clostridium difficile colitis: a plea for early surgical management |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=196 |issue=3 |pages=384–8 |year=2008 |pmid=18519126 |doi=10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.017 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18953191">{{cite journal |vauthors=Earhart MM |title=The identification and treatment of toxic megacolon secondary to pseudomembranous colitis |journal=Dimens Crit Care Nurs |volume=27 |issue=6 |pages=249–54 |year=2008 |pmid=18953191 |doi=10.1097/01.DCC.0000338869.70035.2b |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*Patients of all age groups may develop | *Patients of all age groups may develop toxic megacolon.<ref name="pmid9482465">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sheth SG, LaMont JT |title=Toxic megacolon |journal=Lancet |volume=351 |issue=9101 |pages=509–13 |year=1998 |pmid=9482465 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10475-5 |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Race=== | ===Race=== | ||
*There is no racial predilection | *There is no racial predilection described in toxic megacolon.<ref name="pmid7720439">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rubin MS, Bodenstein LE, Kent KC |title=Severe Clostridium difficile colitis |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=350–4 |year=1995 |pmid=7720439 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
* | *Toxic megacolon affects men and women equally.<ref name="pmid14638335">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gan SI, Beck PL |title=A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=98 |issue=11 |pages=2363–71 |year=2003 |pmid=14638335 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x |url=}}</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
The precise incidence of toxic megacolon is unknown in general population. The incidence of toxic megacolon in the associated disorders including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is 1000-2500 in 100,000 cases and 4400-6300 in 100,000 cases, respectively. The mortality rate of toxic megacolon associated with Clostridium difficile is approximately 38%-80%.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The precise incidence of toxic megacolon is unknown in general population. The incidence of toxic megacolon in the associated disorders including ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and Clostridium difficile is:[1][2][3]
- 1000-2500 in 100,000 cases of the ulcerative colitis.
- 4400-6300 in 100,000 cases of the Crohn's disease.
- 400-3000 in 100,000 cases of the Clostridium difficile.
Mortality rate
- The mortality rate of toxic megacolon associated with clostridium difficile is approximately 38%-80%.[4][5]
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop toxic megacolon.[6]
Race
- There is no racial predilection described in toxic megacolon.[7]
Gender
- Toxic megacolon affects men and women equally.[8]
References
- ↑ Gan, S. Ian; Beck, P. L. (2003). "A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 98 (11): 2363–2371. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x. ISSN 0002-9270.
- ↑ Grieco MB, Bordan DL, Geiss AC, Beil AR (1980). "Toxic megacolon complicating Crohn's colitis". Ann. Surg. 191 (1): 75–80. PMC 1344622. PMID 7352781.
- ↑ Sayedy, Leena (2010). "Toxic megacolon associatedClostridium difficilecolitis". World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2 (8): 293. doi:10.4253/wjge.v2.i8.293. ISSN 1948-5190.
- ↑ Hall JF, Berger D (2008). "Outcome of colectomy for Clostridium difficile colitis: a plea for early surgical management". Am. J. Surg. 196 (3): 384–8. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.017. PMID 18519126.
- ↑ Earhart MM (2008). "The identification and treatment of toxic megacolon secondary to pseudomembranous colitis". Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 27 (6): 249–54. doi:10.1097/01.DCC.0000338869.70035.2b. PMID 18953191.
- ↑ Sheth SG, LaMont JT (1998). "Toxic megacolon". Lancet. 351 (9101): 509–13. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10475-5. PMID 9482465.
- ↑ Rubin MS, Bodenstein LE, Kent KC (1995). "Severe Clostridium difficile colitis". Dis. Colon Rectum. 38 (4): 350–4. PMID 7720439.
- ↑ Gan SI, Beck PL (2003). "A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 98 (11): 2363–71. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x. PMID 14638335.