Esophageal cancer risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
* There are a number of risk factors for [[esophageal cancer]]. | |||
There are a number of risk factors for esophageal cancer. Some subtypes of cancer are linked to particular risk factors: | * Some subtypes of cancer are linked to particular risk factors:<ref>Corley DA, Kerlikowske K, Verma R, Buffler P. Protective association of aspirin/NSAIDs and esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ''Gastroenterology'' 2003;124:47-56. PMID 12512029. See also [http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/esophageal/healthprofessional#Section_57 NCI - "Esophageal Cancer (PDQ®): Prevention"].</ref><ref>Wong A, Fitzgerald RC. Epidemiologic risk factors for Barrett's esophagus and associated adenocarcinoma. ''Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.'' 2005 Jan;3(1):1-10. PMID 15645398</ref><ref>Ye W, Held M, Lagergren J, Engstrand L, Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Nyren O. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric atrophy: risk of adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. ''J Natl Cancer Inst.'' 2004 Mar 3;96(5):388-96. PMID 14996860</ref><ref>Nakajima S, Hattori T. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma or gastric cancer with or without eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic atrophic gastritis patients: a hypothetical opinion from a systematic review. ''Aliment Pharmacol Ther.'' 2004 Jul;20 Suppl 1:54-61. PMID 15298606</ref><ref>NCI [http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/esophageal/healthprofessional#Section_57 Prevention: Dietary Factors], based on Chainani-Wu N. Diet and oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer. ''Nutr Cancer'' 2002;44:104-26. PMID 12734057.</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
| rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Risk factor | |||
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Histological Type | |||
|- | |||
!align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Adenocarcinoma | |||
!align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Squamous cell carcinoma | |||
|- | |||
|Age over 60 | |||
|✔ | |||
|✔ | |||
|- | |||
|Male gender | |||
|✔ | |||
|✔ | |||
|- | |||
|Smoking | |||
|✔ | |||
|✔ | |||
|- | |||
|Alcohol Consumption | |||
|✔ | |||
|✔ | |||
|- | |||
|Obesity | |||
|✔ | |||
|✔ | |||
|- | |||
|Lye Ingestion | |||
| | |||
|✔ | |||
|- | |||
|Nitrosamine in food | |||
| | |||
|✔ | |||
|- | |||
|Plummer-Vinson syndrome | |||
| | |||
|✔ | |||
|- | |||
|Tylosis or Howel-Evans syndrome | |||
| | |||
|✔ | |||
|- | |||
|Radiation therapy | |||
| | |||
|✔ | |||
|- | |||
|Gastroesophageal reflux disorder | |||
|✔ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|Barrett's esophagus | |||
|✔ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|Achalasia | |||
| | |||
|✔ | |||
|} | |||
===Decreased risk=== | ===Decreased risk=== | ||
*Risk appears to be less in patients using [[aspirin]] or related drugs ([[NSAID]]s). | *Risk appears to be less in patients using [[aspirin]] or related drugs ([[NSAID]]s). | ||
*The role of ''[[helicobacter pylori]]'' in progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma is still uncertain, but, on the basis of population data, it may carry a protective effect. | *The role of ''[[helicobacter pylori]]'' in progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma is still uncertain, but, on the basis of population data, it may carry a protective effect. It is postulated that ''[[helicobacter pylori]]'' prevents chronic [[gastritis]], which is a risk factor for [[gastroesophageal reflux disease|reflux]], which in turn is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. | ||
*Diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer. | *Diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Surgery]] | [[Category:Surgery]] |
Latest revision as of 16:22, 20 December 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of esophageal cancer are tobacco smoking, alcohol, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Barrett's esophagus.
Risk Factors
- There are a number of risk factors for esophageal cancer.
- Some subtypes of cancer are linked to particular risk factors:[1][2][3][4][5]
Risk factor | Histological Type | |
---|---|---|
Adenocarcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma | |
Age over 60 | ✔ | ✔ |
Male gender | ✔ | ✔ |
Smoking | ✔ | ✔ |
Alcohol Consumption | ✔ | ✔ |
Obesity | ✔ | ✔ |
Lye Ingestion | ✔ | |
Nitrosamine in food | ✔ | |
Plummer-Vinson syndrome | ✔ | |
Tylosis or Howel-Evans syndrome | ✔ | |
Radiation therapy | ✔ | |
Gastroesophageal reflux disorder | ✔ | |
Barrett's esophagus | ✔ | |
Achalasia | ✔ |
Decreased risk
- Risk appears to be less in patients using aspirin or related drugs (NSAIDs).
- The role of helicobacter pylori in progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma is still uncertain, but, on the basis of population data, it may carry a protective effect. It is postulated that helicobacter pylori prevents chronic gastritis, which is a risk factor for reflux, which in turn is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
- Diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer.
References
- ↑ Corley DA, Kerlikowske K, Verma R, Buffler P. Protective association of aspirin/NSAIDs and esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2003;124:47-56. PMID 12512029. See also NCI - "Esophageal Cancer (PDQ®): Prevention".
- ↑ Wong A, Fitzgerald RC. Epidemiologic risk factors for Barrett's esophagus and associated adenocarcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Jan;3(1):1-10. PMID 15645398
- ↑ Ye W, Held M, Lagergren J, Engstrand L, Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Nyren O. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric atrophy: risk of adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Mar 3;96(5):388-96. PMID 14996860
- ↑ Nakajima S, Hattori T. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma or gastric cancer with or without eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic atrophic gastritis patients: a hypothetical opinion from a systematic review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jul;20 Suppl 1:54-61. PMID 15298606
- ↑ NCI Prevention: Dietary Factors, based on Chainani-Wu N. Diet and oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer. Nutr Cancer 2002;44:104-26. PMID 12734057.