Volvulus causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Midgut volvulus occurs in patients (usually in infants) that are predisposed because of congenital [[intestinal malrotation]]. Segmental volvulus occurs in patients of any age, usually with a predisposition because of abnormal intestinal contents (e.g. [[Meconium|meconium ileus]]) or [[adhesions]]. Volvulus of the [[cecum]], [[transverse colon]], or [[sigmoid colon]] occurs, usually in adults, with only minor predisposing factors such as redundant (excess, inadequately supported) intestinal tissue and constipation. | Midgut volvulus occurs in patients (usually in infants) that are predisposed because of congenital [[intestinal malrotation]]. Segmental volvulus occurs in patients of any age, usually with a predisposition because of abnormal intestinal contents (e.g. [[Meconium|meconium ileus]]) or [[adhesions]]. Volvulus of the [[cecum]], [[transverse colon]], or [[sigmoid colon]] occurs, usually in adults, with only minor predisposing factors such as redundant (excess, inadequately supported) intestinal tissue and [[constipation]]. | ||
==Causes== | |||
Causes of volvulus can either be congenital or acquired: | |||
*[[Acquired disorder|Acquired]] causes of volvulus include:<ref name="pmid8781706">{{cite journal |vauthors=John H, Gyr T, Giudici G, Martinoli S, Marx A |title=Cecal volvulus in pregnancy. Case report and review of literature |journal=Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. |volume=258 |issue=3 |pages=161–4 |year=1996 |pmid=8781706 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3943670">{{cite journal |vauthors=Radin DR, Halls JM |title=Cecal volvulus: a complication of colonoscopy |journal=Gastrointest Radiol |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=110–1 |year=1986 |pmid=3943670 |doi=10.1007/BF02035046 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9021588">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sarioğlu A, Tanyel FC, Büyükpamukçu N, Hiçsönmez A |title=Colonic volvulus: a rare presentation of Hirschsprung's disease |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=117–8 |year=1997 |pmid=9021588 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Adhesion (medicine)|Adhesions]] | |||
**[[Iatrogenic disorder|Iatrogenic]] e.g. lower GI endoscopy | |||
**Bowel [[atony]] | |||
**[[Pregnancy]] | |||
**[[Crohn's disease]] | |||
**[[Chagas disease]] | |||
**Age more than 50 years old | |||
**Chronic [[constipation]] | |||
**Dilated colon | |||
**Colonic dysmotility | |||
**[[Laxative]] dependence | |||
**[[Crohn's disease]] | |||
**[[Chagas disease]] | |||
**Phrenic nerve paralysis | |||
*[[Congenital disorder|Congenital]] causes of volvulus include:<ref name="Burns2006">{{cite journal|last1=Burns|first1=Cartland|title=Principles and Practices of Pediatric Surgery|journal=Annals of Surgery|volume=243|issue=4|year=2006|pages=567|issn=0003-4932|doi=10.1097/01.sla.0000208423.52007.38}}</ref> | |||
**[[Hirschsprung's disease]] | |||
**Paraesophageal [[hernia]] | |||
**[[Hiatus hernia|Hiatal hernia]] | |||
**[[Diaphragm eventration]] | |||
**[[Kyphoscoliosis]] | |||
**Narrow [[Mesentery|mesenteric]] base | |||
***The midgut becomes suspended by a narrow pedicle. | |||
**Non-rotation | |||
***In non-rotation, the primary loop undergoes no further rotation during its return to the abdominal cavity. | |||
***The small bowel becomes located on the right whilst the colon is on the left of the abdomen. | |||
***Non-rotation is less dangerous than malrotation because in non-rotation, the [[mesentery]] is wider and the risk of volvulus is lower. | |||
**Malrotation | |||
***In malrotation, the proximal (duodenojejunal) limb remains in a position of non-rotation, and the distal (cecocolic) limb partially rotates (usually only 90 degrees instead of 180 degrees). | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
{{ | {{WS}} | ||
{{ | {{WH}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:47, 8 January 2018
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Volvulus causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Volvulus causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
Midgut volvulus occurs in patients (usually in infants) that are predisposed because of congenital intestinal malrotation. Segmental volvulus occurs in patients of any age, usually with a predisposition because of abnormal intestinal contents (e.g. meconium ileus) or adhesions. Volvulus of the cecum, transverse colon, or sigmoid colon occurs, usually in adults, with only minor predisposing factors such as redundant (excess, inadequately supported) intestinal tissue and constipation.
Causes
Causes of volvulus can either be congenital or acquired:
- Acquired causes of volvulus include:[1][2][3]
- Adhesions
- Iatrogenic e.g. lower GI endoscopy
- Bowel atony
- Pregnancy
- Crohn's disease
- Chagas disease
- Age more than 50 years old
- Chronic constipation
- Dilated colon
- Colonic dysmotility
- Laxative dependence
- Crohn's disease
- Chagas disease
- Phrenic nerve paralysis
- Congenital causes of volvulus include:[4]
- Hirschsprung's disease
- Paraesophageal hernia
- Hiatal hernia
- Diaphragm eventration
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Narrow mesenteric base
- The midgut becomes suspended by a narrow pedicle.
- Non-rotation
- In non-rotation, the primary loop undergoes no further rotation during its return to the abdominal cavity.
- The small bowel becomes located on the right whilst the colon is on the left of the abdomen.
- Non-rotation is less dangerous than malrotation because in non-rotation, the mesentery is wider and the risk of volvulus is lower.
- Malrotation
- In malrotation, the proximal (duodenojejunal) limb remains in a position of non-rotation, and the distal (cecocolic) limb partially rotates (usually only 90 degrees instead of 180 degrees).
References
- ↑ John H, Gyr T, Giudici G, Martinoli S, Marx A (1996). "Cecal volvulus in pregnancy. Case report and review of literature". Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 258 (3): 161–4. PMID 8781706.
- ↑ Radin DR, Halls JM (1986). "Cecal volvulus: a complication of colonoscopy". Gastrointest Radiol. 11 (1): 110–1. doi:10.1007/BF02035046. PMID 3943670.
- ↑ Sarioğlu A, Tanyel FC, Büyükpamukçu N, Hiçsönmez A (1997). "Colonic volvulus: a rare presentation of Hirschsprung's disease". J. Pediatr. Surg. 32 (1): 117–8. PMID 9021588.
- ↑ Burns, Cartland (2006). "Principles and Practices of Pediatric Surgery". Annals of Surgery. 243 (4): 567. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000208423.52007.38. ISSN 0003-4932.