Ascites causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Ascites}}
{{Ascites}}


{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MUT}} {{CLG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}, {{MUT}}, {{CLG}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Life-threatening causes of ascites are [[acute liver failure]], [[hepatic failure]], and [[hepatorenal syndrome]]. Common causes of ascites are [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[malignancy]], and [[cirrhosis]]. Less common causes of ascites are the conditions which may lead to fetal ascites, neonatal ascites, and infantile ascites.


==Causes==
==Causes==
Line 11: Line 12:
* [[Hepatic failure]]
* [[Hepatic failure]]
* [[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
* [[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
* Liver fibrosis
* [[Liver]] [[fibrosis]]
* [[Liver cirrhosis]]
* [[Liver cirrhosis]]


Line 25: Line 26:
* [[Serositis]]
* [[Serositis]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]  
* [[Tuberculosis]]  
=== Less common causes ===
==== Causes of fetal ascites<ref name="pmid2164662">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sun CC, Keene CL, Nagey DA |title=Hepatic fibrosis in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: with fetal ascites and pulmonary hypoplasia |journal=Pediatr Pathol |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=641–6 |year=1990 |pmid=2164662 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2997019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stocker JT |title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection presenting as massive ascites with secondary pulmonary hypoplasia |journal=Hum. Pathol. |volume=16 |issue=11 |pages=1173–5 |year=1985 |pmid=2997019 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9732503">{{cite journal |vauthors=Patton WL, Lutz AM, Willmann JK, Callen P, Barkovich AJ, Gooding CA |title=Systemic spread of meconium peritonitis |journal=Pediatr Radiol |volume=28 |issue=9 |pages=714–6 |year=1998 |pmid=9732503 |doi=10.1007/s002470050449 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7472957">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dirkes K, Crombleholme TM, Craigo SD, Latchaw LA, Jacir NN, Harris BH, D'Alton ME |title=The natural history of meconium peritonitis diagnosed in utero |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=979–82 |year=1995 |pmid=7472957 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20389051">{{cite journal |vauthors=Son M, Walsh CA, Baxi LV |title=Prenatal diagnosis of urinary ascites in a fetus with meningomyelocele |journal=Fetal. Diagn. Ther. |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=61–4 |year=2010 |pmid=20389051 |doi=10.1159/000312405 |url=}}</ref> ====
* [[Gastrointestinal disorders]]
** [[Meconium peritonitis]]
** [[Intestinal malrotation]]
** [[Small intestine|Small intestinal]] or [[Colon (anatomy)|colonic]] [[atresia]]
** [[Intussusception]]
** [[Volvulus]]
** [[Cystic fibrosis|Cystic fibrosis]]
** [[Biliary atresia]]
** [[Portal venous system|Portal venous]] malformations
* [[Infection]]
** [[Parvovirus]]
** [[Syphilis]]
** [[Cytomegalovirus]]
** [[Toxoplasmosis]]
** Acute maternal [[hepatitis]]
* [[Genitourinary pathology|Genitourinary disorders]]
** [[Hydronephrosis]]
** [[Polycystic kidney disease]]
** [[Urinary obstruction]]
** [[Ovarian cysts|Ovarian cyst]]
** [[Persistent cloaca]]
* [[Chylous ascites]] 
* [[Cardiac disease|Cardiac disorders]]
** [[Arrhythmia]]
** [[Heart failure]]
* [[Chromosomal abnormalities]]
** [[Trisomy]]
** [[Turner syndrome]]
* [[Neoplasm]]
* [[Hematologic]]
** [[Hemolytic anemia]]
** [[Neonatal hemochromatosis]]
* [[Metabolic disease]]
** [[Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C|Niemann-Pick type C]]
** [[Congenital disorders of glycosylation]]
** [[Wolman disease]]
** [[Lysosomal storage diseases|Lysosomal storage disease]]
* Other
** [[Maternal]]/fetal [[abuse]]
** [[Idiopathic]]
==== Causes of neonatal ascites<ref name="SpriggsBrantley1977">{{cite journal|last1=Spriggs|first1=DW|last2=Brantley|first2=RE|title=Thoracic and abdominal extravasation: a complication of hyperalimentation in infants|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=128|issue=3|year=1977|pages=419–422|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.128.3.419}}</ref><ref name="pmid6701064">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hepworth RC, Milstein JM |title=The transected urachus: an unusual cause of neonatal ascites |journal=Pediatrics |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=397–400 |year=1984 |pmid=6701064 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18172830">{{cite journal |vauthors=Keller M, Scholl-Buergi S, Sergi C, Theurl I, Weiss G, Unsinn KM, Trawöger R |title=An unusual case of intrauterine symptomatic neonatal liver failure |journal=Klin Padiatr |volume=220 |issue=1 |pages=32–6 |year=2008 |pmid=18172830 |doi=10.1055/s-2007-970591 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6420531">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gillan JE, Lowden JA, Gaskin K, Cutz E |title=Congenital ascites as a presenting sign of lysosomal storage disease |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=225–31 |year=1984 |pmid=6420531 |doi= |url=}}</ref>====
* [[Hepatobiliary disease|Hepatobiliary disorders]]
** [[Cirrhosis]]
** [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency|Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]]
** [[Congenital]] [[hepatic]] [[Fibrosis|fibrosis]]
** [[Viral hepatitis]]
** [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
** [[Biliary atresia]]
** [[Bile duct]] [[perforation]]
** [[Portal venous system|Portal venous]] [[malformation]]
** [[Hamartoma|Ruptured mesenchymal hamartoma]]
* [[Gastrointestinal disorders]]
** [[Intestinal malrotation]]
** [[Intestinal perforation]]
** [[Acute appendicitis]]
** [[Intestinal atresia]]
** [[Pancreatitis]]
* [[Chylous ascites]]
* [[Parenteral nutrition]] [[extravasation]]
* [[Metabolic disease]]
* [[Genitourinary pathology|Genitourinary disorders]]
** [[Obstructive uropathy]] 
*** [[Posterior urethral valves]] 
*** [[Ureterocele]] 
*** [[Ureteral disease|Lower ureteral stenosis]] 
*** [[Ureteral]] [[atresia]] 
*** [[Imperforate hymen]] 
*** [[Bladder rupture]]       
** [[Bladder]] injury from [[umbilical artery]] [[catheterization]]
** [[Nephrotic syndrome]]
** Ruptured [[Corpus luteum|corpus luteum cyst]]
* [[Cardiac]]
** [[Arrhythmia]]
** [[Heart failure]]
* [[Hematologic]]
** [[Neonatal hemochromatosis]]
* Other
** [[Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita|Cutis marmota telangictatica congenita]]
** Intravenous [[vitamin E]]
** Pseudo-[[ascites]]
*** [[Small bowel]] duplication
** [[Abdominal trauma]]
** [[Idiopathic]]
==== Causes of infants and children ascites<ref name="pmid11465792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gil Z, Beni-Adani L, Siomin V, Nagar H, Dvir R, Constantini S |title=Ascites following ventriculoperitoneal shunting in children with chiasmatic-hypothalamic glioma |journal=Childs Nerv Syst |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=395–8 |year=2001 |pmid=11465792 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3054040">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goodman GM, Gourley GR |title=Ascites complicating ventriculoperitoneal shunts |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=780–2 |year=1988 |pmid=3054040 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19898601">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zegarra A, García C, Piscoya A, de Los Ríos R, Luis Pinto J, Mayo N, Huerta-Mercado J |title=[Eosinophilic enteritis as a rare cause of ascites: case report] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=Rev Gastroenterol Peru |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=272–5 |year=2009 |pmid=19898601 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6391392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caine Y, Deckelbaum RJ, Weizman Z, Lijovetsky G, Schiller M |title=Congenital hepatic fibrosis--unusual presentations |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=59 |issue=11 |pages=1094–6 |year=1984 |pmid=6391392 |pmc=1628818 |doi= |url=}}</ref> ====
* [[Hepato-biliary diseases|Hepatobiliary disorders]]
** [[Cirrhosis]]
** [[Congenital]] [[hepatic]] [[Fibrosis|fibrosis]]
** [[Hepatitis|Acute hepatitis]]
** [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
** [[Bile duct]] [[perforation]]
** [[Liver transplantation]]
* [[Gastrointestinal disorders]]
** [[Acute appendicitis]]
** [[Intestinal atresia]]
** [[Pancreatitis]]
** [[Pylorus|Pyloric]] duplication
* [[Serositis]]
** [[Crohn disease]]
** [[Eosinophilic enteritis|Eosinophilic enteropathy]]
** [[Henoch-Schonlein purpura]]
* [[Chylous ascites]]
** [[Lymphangiectasia|Intestinal lymphangiectasia]]
** [[Lymphatic System|Lymphatic duct]] obstruction
** [[Lymphatic system|Lymphatic duct]] trauma
* [[Parenteral nutrition]] [[extravasation]]
* [[Neoplasm]]
** [[Lymphoma]]
** [[Wilms tumor|Wilm tumor]]
** Clear cell renal [[sarcoma]]
** [[Glioma]]
** [[Germ cell tumor]]
** [[Ovarian tumor]]
** [[Mesothelioma]]
** [[Neuroblastoma]]
* [[Metabolic disease]]
* [[Genitourinary pathology|Genitourinary disorders]]
** [[Nephrotic syndrome]]
** [[Peritoneal dialysis]] 
* [[Cardiac]]
** [[Heart failure]]
* Pseudo-ascites
** [[Celiac disease]]
** [[Mesothelioma|Cystic mesothelioma]]
** Omental cyst
** [[Ovarian cyst]]
* Other
** [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
** [[Ventriculoperitoneal shunt]]
** [[Vitamin A Overdose|Vitamin A toxicity]]
** [[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
** [[Nonaccidental trauma]]
** [[Idiopathic]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Arteriovenous fistula]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[cardiac amyloidosis]], [[cardiomegaly]], [[cardiomyopathy]], [[cholesterol pericarditis]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[constrictive pericarditis]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[constrictive pericarditis]], [[tuberculous pericarditis]], [[chylous ascites]], [[cor pulmonale]], [[Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis]], [[endomyocardial fibrosis]], [[heart failure]], [[inferior vena cava web]], [[lymphatic obstruction]], [[lymphangioma]], [[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma]], [[inferior vena cava syndrome]], [[pericarditis]], [[right heart failure]], [[tricuspid insufficiency]], [[tricuspid regurgitation]], [[tricuspid stenosis]], [[Tricuspid valve disease|tricuspid valve disease]], [[veno-occlusive disease]], [[ventriculoperitoneal shunt]], [[Waldmann disease]]
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | [[Arteriovenous fistula]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[Cardiac amyloidosis]], [[Cardiomegaly]], [[Cardiomyopathy]], [[Cholesterol pericarditis]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Constrictive pericarditis]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Constrictive pericarditis]], [[Tuberculous pericarditis]], [[Chylous ascites]], [[Cor pulmonale]], [[Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis]], [[Endomyocardial fibrosis]], [[Heart failure]], [[Inferior vena cava web]], [[Lymphatic obstruction]], [[Lymphangioma]], [[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma]], [[Inferior vena cava syndrome]], [[Pericarditis]], [[Right heart failure]], [[Tricuspid insufficiency]], [[Tricuspid regurgitation]], [[Tricuspid stenosis]], [[Tricuspid valve disease|Tricuspid valve disease]], [[Veno-occlusive disease]], [[Ventriculoperitoneal shunt]], [[Waldmann disease]].
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita|Cutis marmota telangictatica congenita]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acyclovir]], [[mercaptopurine]], [[pramipexole]], [[thalidomide]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acyclovir]], [[Mercaptopurine]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Thalidomide]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypothyroidism]], [[thyroxine deficiency]], [[ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Hypothyroidism]], Thyroxine deficiency, [[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute liver failure]], [[acute pancreatitis]], [[alcoholic hepatitis]], [[alcoholic liver disease]], [[ascending cholangitis]], [[biliary atresia]], [[biliary fistula]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[cholangiocarcinoma]], [[cholecystitis]], [[cholelithiasis]], [[chronic hepatitis]],[[cirrhosis]], [[colorectal cancer]], [[congenital liver fibrosis]], [[end stage liver failure]], [[eosinophilic gastroenteritis]], [[esophageal cancer]], [[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome]], [[fulminant liver failure]], [[granulomatous peritonitis]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[hepatic failure]], [[hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepato-biliary diseases]], [[idiopathic liver cirrhosis]], [[krukenberg tumor]], [[liver cancer]], [[liver damage]], [[Ménétrier's disease]], [[Mosse syndrome]], [[neonatal hepatitis]], [[nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver]], [[nutmeg liver]], [[obliterative portal venopathy]], [[obstructive jaundice]], [[pancreatic cancer]], [[pancreatic fistula]], [[peritonitis]], [[portal hypertension]], [[portal vein occlusion]], [[portal vein thrombosis]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[primary sclerosing cholangitis]], [[pseudomyxoma peritonei]], [[secondary biliary cirrhosis]], [[severe hepatitis]], [[stomach cancer]], [[tuberculous peritonitis]], [[Waldmann disease]], [[Whipple disease]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute liver failure]], [[Acute pancreatitis]], [[Alcoholic hepatitis]], [[Alcoholic liver disease]], [[Ascending cholangitis]], [[Biliary atresia]], [[Biliary fistula]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Cholecystitis]], [[Cholelithiasis]], [[Chronic hepatitis]],[[Cirrhosis]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Congenital]] [[liver]] [[fibrosis]], [[End stage liver failure]], [[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]], [[Esophageal cancer]], [[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome]], [[Fulminant liver failure]], [[Granulomatous peritonitis]], [[Hemochromatosis]], [[Hepatic failure]], [[Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Hepato-biliary diseases]], [[Idiopathic liver cirrhosis]], [[Krukenberg tumor]], [[Liver cancer]], [[Liver damage]], [[Ménétrier's disease]], [[Mosse syndrome]], [[Neonatal hepatitis]], [[Nodular]] regenerative hyperplasia of the [[liver]], [[Nutmeg liver]], [[Obliterative portal venopathy]], [[Obstructive jaundice]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Pancreatic fistula]], [[Peritonitis]], [[Portal hypertension]], [[Portal vein occlusion]], [[Portal vein thrombosis]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], [[Pseudomyxoma peritonei]], [[Secondary biliary cirrhosis]], Severe [[hepatitis]], [[Stomach cancer]], [[Tuberculous peritonitis]], [[Waldmann disease]], [[Whipple disease]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C|Niemann-Pick type C]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], [[Banti's Syndrome]], [[Budd-chiari syndrome]], [[diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis]], [[eosinophilic gastroenteritis]], [[erythroblastosis fetalis ]], [[extramedullary haemopoiesis]], [[hemolytic disease of the newborn]], [[mastocytosis]], [[Mosse syndrome]], [[Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], [[Banti's Syndrome]], [[Budd-chiari syndrome]], [[Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis]], [[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]], [[Erythroblastosis fetalis ]] , [[Extramedullary haemopoiesis]], [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]], [[Mastocytosis]], [[Mosse syndrome]], [[Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Bladder]] injury from [[umbilical artery]] [[catheterization]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
| bgcolor="Beige" |
[[Alveolar hydatid disease]],
[[Alveolar hydatid disease]], [[Amebiasis]], [[Bilharzia]], [[Chronic hepatitis]], [[Chronic viral hepatitis]], [[Cytomegalovirus infection|cytomegalovirus]], [[Echinococcosis]], [[Epstein-Barr virus|Epstein Barr virus]], [[Filariasis]], [[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome]], [[Hepatitis A|acute hepatitis A]], [[Hepatitis B|Acute hepatitis B]], [[hepatitis C|Acute hepatitis C]], [[Hepatitis D|Acute Hepatitis D]], [[hepatitis E|Acute hepatitis E]], [[herpes simplex|Herpes simplex infection]], [[Hookworm disease]], [[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma]], [[Leptospirosis]], [[Malaria]],
[[amebiasis]],
[[Portal hypertension]] in [[schistosomiasis]], [[Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis]], [[rubella|Rubella virus infection]],[[Schistosomiasis]], [[schistosomiasis|Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis]], [[Sleeping sickness]], [[Strongyloidiasis]], Stuartbras disease, [[Syphilis|liver disease in syphilis]], [[Toxoplasmosis]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Tuberculous peritonitis]], [[Tularemia]], [[Whipple disease]], [[yellow fever|Yellow fever virus infection]]
[[bilharzia]],
[[chronic hepatitis]],
[[chronic viral hepatitis]],
[[Cytomegalovirus infection|cytomegalovirus]],
[[echinococcosis]],
[[epstein-Barr virus|Epstein Barr virus]],
[[filariasis]],
[[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome]],
[[hepatitis A|acute hepatitis A]],
[[hepatitis B|acute hepatitis B]],
[[hepatitis C|acute hepatitis C]],
[[hepatitis D|acute Hepatitis D]],
[[hepatitis E|acute hepatitis E]],
[[herpes simplex|herpes simplex infection]],
[[hookworm disease]],
[[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma]],
[[leptospirosis]],
[[malaria]],
[[portal hypertension]] in [[schistosomiasis]],
[[poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis]],
[[rubella|Rubella virus infection]],
[[schistosomiasis]],
[[schistosomiasis|hepatosplenic schistosomiasis]],
[[sleeping sickness]],
[[strongyloidiasis]],
Stuartbras disease,
[[syphilis|liver disease in syphilis]],
[[toxoplasmosis]],
[[tuberculosis]],
[[tuberculous peritonitis]],
[[tularemia]],
[[Whipple disease]],
[[yellow fever|yellow fever virus infection]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]],
[[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]], [[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]], [[Gilbert's syndrome]], [[Hemochromatosis]], [[Hypoalbuminemia]], [[Kwashiorkor]], [[Rotor's syndrome]], [[VLCAD deficiency]], [[Wilson's Disease]]
[[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]],
[[Gilbert's syndrome]],
[[hemochromatosis]],
[[hypoalbuminemia]],
[[Kwashiorkor]],
[[Rotor's syndrome]]
[[VLCAD deficiency]],
[[Wilson's Disease]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Meigs' syndrome]],
[[Meigs' syndrome]], [[Mirror syndrome]]
[[mirror syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Anasarca ]],
[[Anasarca]], [[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]], [[Angiosarcoma]] of the [[liver]], [[Bladder cancer]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Desmoplastic small round cell tumor]], [[Esophageal cancer]], [[Liver cancer]], [[Liver cirrhosis]], [[Lung cancer]], [[Meig's syndrome]], [[Metastasis]], [[Ovarian cancer]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Pelvic]] region [[cancers]], [[Pseudomyxoma peritonei]], [[Stomach cancer]], [[WAGR syndrome]], [[Wilms tumor]], [[Yolk sac tumor]],
[[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]],
[[angiosarcoma of the liver]],
[[bladder cancer]],
[[cholangiocarcinoma]],
[[cirrhosis of liver]],
[[colorectal cancer]],
[[desmoplastic small round cell tumor]]
[[esophageal cancer]],
[[liver cancer]],
[[liver cirrhosis]],
[[lung cancer]],
[[Meig's syndrome]],
[[metastasis]],
[[ovarian cancer]],
[[pancreatic cancer]],
[[pelvic region cancers]],
[[pseudomyxoma peritonei]],
[[stomach cancer]],
[[WAGR syndrome]],
[[Wilms tumor]],
[[yolk sac tumor]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vitamin A Overdose|Vitamin A toxicity]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Maternal]]/fetal [[abuse]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Cor pulmonale]],  
[[Cor pulmonale]], [[Lung cancer]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nephrotic syndrome]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
[[lung cancer]],
[[mesothelioma]],
[[nephrotic syndrome]],
[[pulmonary hypertension]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Hepatorenal syndrome]],
[[Hepatorenal syndrome]], [[Nephrotic syndrome]]
[[nephrotic syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Chronic bacterial infection]],
Chronic [[bacterial]] [[infection]], [[Erythroblastosis fetalis]], [[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]], [[Eosinophilic]] [[peritonitis]], [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]], [[Hemolytic anemia]], [[Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency]], [[Hepatoma]], [[Immunoproliferative diseases]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
[[erythroblastosis fetalis]],
[[eosinophilic gastroenteritis]],
eosinophilic [[peritonitis]],
[[hemolytic disease of the newborn]],
[[hemolytic anemia]],
[[hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency]],
[[hepatoma]],
[[immunoproliferative diseases]],
[[primary biliary cirrhosis]],
[[systemic lupus erythematosus]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bladder rupture]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Bladder rupture]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Posterior urethral valves]], [[Ureterocele]], [[Ureteral disease|Lower ureteral stenosis]], [[Ureteral]] [[atresia]], [[Imperforate hymen]], [[Bladder rupture]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Hypervolemia]],
[[Hypervolemia]], [[Idiopathic]], [[Metastasis]], [[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]], [[POEMS syndrome]]
[[idiopathic]],
[[metastasis]],
[[obesity hypoventilation syndrome]],
[[POEMS syndrome]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
[[Acute  liver failure]]
{{Columns-list|3|


[[Acute  pancreatitis]]  
* [[Abdominal trauma]]  
 
* [[Acute appendicitis]]
[[Acyclovir]]  
* [[Acute liver failure]]  
 
* [[Acute pancreatitis]]  
[[Alcoholic hepatitis]]  
* [[Acyclovir]]  
 
* [[Alcoholic  hepatitis]]  
[[Alcoholic liver disease]]  
* [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency|Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]]
 
* [[Alcoholic liver disease]]  
[[Alveolar hydatid  disease]]
* [[Alveolar hydatid  disease]]
 
* [[Amebiasis]]
[[Amebiasis]]
* [[Anasarca]]
 
* [[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]]
[[Anasarca]]
* [[Angiosarcoma]] of the [[liver]]
 
* [[Arteriovenous  fistula]]
[[Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]]
* [[Arrhythmia]]  
 
* [[Ascending cholangitis]]  
[[Angiosarcoma of the liver]]
* [[Banti's Syndrome]]
 
* [[Bile duct]] [[perforation]]
[[Arteriovenous  fistula]]
* [[Bilharzia]]
 
* [[Biliary atresia]]  
[[Ascending  cholangitis]]  
* [[Biliary fistula]]  
 
* [[Bladder cancer]]
[[Banti's Syndrome]]  
* [[Bladder]] injury from [[umbilical artery]] [[catheterization]]  
 
* [[Bladder rupture]]        
[[Bilharzia]]
* [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]  
 
* [[Cardiac  amyloidosis]]  
[[Biliary atresia]]  
* [[Cardiomegaly]]  
 
* [[Cardiomyopathy]]  
[[Biliary fistula]]  
* [[Celiac disease]]
 
* [[Cholangiocarcinoma]]  
[[Bladder cancer]]
* [[Cholecystitis]]  
 
* [[Cholelithiasis]]  
[[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]  
* [[Cholesterol pericarditis]]  
 
* [[Chronic]] [[bacterial infection]]
[[Cardiac amyloidosis]]  
* [[Chronic granulomatous disease]]  
 
* [[Chronic hepatitis]]
[[Cardiomegaly]]  
* [[Chronic viral hepatitis]]
 
* [[Chylous ascites]]  
[[Cardiomyopathy]]  
* [[Cirrhosis]]  
 
* Clear cell renal sarcoma
[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]  
* [[Colorectal cancer]]
 
* [[Congenital disorders of glycosylation]]
[[Cholecystitis]]  
* [[Congenital]] [[liver]] [[fibrosis]]  
 
* [[Congestive heart failure]]  
[[Cholelithiasis]]  
* [[Constrictive pericarditis]]  
 
* [[Cor pulmonale]]  
[[Cholesterol  pericarditis]]  
* [[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]]
 
* [[Crohn disease]]
[[Chronic bacterial  infection]]
* [[Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita|Cutis marmota telangictatica congenita]]  
 
* [[Cystic fibrosis|Cystic fibrosis]]  
[[Chronic hepatitis]]
* [[Mesothelioma|Cystic mesothelioma]]
 
* [[Cytomegalovirus  infection|cytomegalovirus]]
[[Chronic viral hepatitis]]
* [[Desmoplastic small round cell tumor]]
 
* [[Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis]]  
[[Chylous ascites]]  
* [[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]]
 
* [[Echinococcosis]]
[[Cirrhosis of liver]]
* [[End stage liver failure]]  
 
* [[Endomyocardial fibrosis]]  
[[Cirrhosis]]  
* [[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]]
 
* [[Epstein-Barr virus|Epstein  Barr virus]]
[[Colorectal cancer]]
* [[Erythroblastosis fetalis ]]  
 
* [[Esophageal cancer]]
[[Congenital liver  fibrosis]]  
* [[Extramedullary  haemopoiesis]]  
 
* [[Filariasis]]
[[Congestive heart  failure]]  
* [[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis  syndrome]]
 
* [[Fulminant liver  failure]]  
[[Constrictive  pericarditis]]  
* [[Germ cell tumor]]
 
* [[Gilbert's syndrome]]
[[Cor pulmonale]]  
* [[Glioma]]
 
* [[Granulomatous peritonitis]]  
[[Crigler-Najjar  syndrome]]
* [[Heart failure]]  
 
* [[Hemochromatosis]]
[[Cytomegalovirus infection|cytomegalovirus]]
* [[Hemolytic anemia]]
 
* [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]]
[[Desmoplastic small round  cell tumor]]
* [[Henoch-Schonlein purpura]]
 
* [[Hepatic failure]]  
[[Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis]]  
* [[Hepatic venoocclusive  disease with immunodeficiency]]
 
* [[Hepatitis A]]
[[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]]
* [[Hepatitis B]]
 
* [[Hepatitis C]]
[[Echinococcosis]]
* [[Hepatitis D]]
 
* [[Hepatitis E]]
[[End stage liver  failure]]  
* [[Hepatitis]]  
 
* [[Hepato-biliary  diseases]]  
[[Endomyocardial  fibrosis]]  
* [[Hepatoma]]
 
* [[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
[[Eosinophilic  gastroenteritis]]
* [[Herpes simplex|herpes simplex infection]]
 
* [[Hookworm disease]]
[[Epstein-Barr virus|Epstein  Barr virus]]
* [[Hydronephrosis]]  
 
* [[Hypervolemia]]
[[Erythroblastosis  fetalis ]]  
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
 
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
[[Esophageal cancer]]
* [[Idiopathic liver cirrhosis]]  
 
* [[Imperforate hymen]]
[[Extramedullary  haemopoiesis]]  
* [[Immunoproliferative diseases]]
 
* [[Inferior vena cava  syndrome]]  
[[Filariasis]]
* [[Inferior vena cava web]] * [[Intestinal atresia]]
 
* [[Intestinal malrotation]]
[[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome]]
* [[Lymphangiectasia|Intestinal lymphangiectasia]]
 
* Intravenous [[vitamin E]]  
[[Fulminant liver failure]]  
* [[Intussusception]]  
 
* [[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma]]
[[Gilbert's syndrome]]
* [[Krukenberg  tumor]]  
 
* [[Kwashiorkor]]
[[Granulomatous peritonitis]]  
* [[Leptospirosis]]
 
* [[Liver cancer]]
[[Heart failure]]  
* [[Liver cirrhosis]]
 
* [[Liver damage]]  
[[Hemochromatosis]]
* [[Liver transplantation]]
 
* [[Loeffler syndrome]]
[[Hemolytic anemia]]
* [[Lung cancer]]
 
* [[Lymphangioma]]  
[[Hemolytic disease of the  newborn]]
* [[Lymphatic System|Lymphatic duct]] obstruction
 
* [[Lymphatic system|Lymphatic duct]] trauma
[[Hepatic failure]]  
* [[Lymphatic obstruction]]
 
* [[Lymphoma]]
[[Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency]]
* [[Lysosomal storage diseases|Lysosomal storage disease]]
 
* [[Malaria]]
[[Hepatitis A|acute hepatitis A]]
* [[Mastocytosis]]  
 
* [[Maternal]]/fetal [[abuse]]
[[Hepatitis B|acute hepatitis  B]]
* [[Meconium peritonitis]]
 
* [[Meig's syndrome]]
[[Hepatitis C|acute hepatitis C]]
* [[Ménétrier's disease]]  
 
* [[Mercaptopurine]]  
[[Hepatitis D|acute Hepatitis D]]
* [[Mesothelioma]]
 
* [[Metastasis]]
[[Hepatitis E|acute hepatitis E]]
* [[Mirror syndrome]]
 
* [[Mosse syndrome]]
[[Hepatitis]]  
* [[Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C|Niemann-Pick type C]]  
 
* [[Neonatal hemochromatosis]]  
[[Hepato-biliary diseases]]  
* [[Neonatal  hepatitis]]  
 
* [[Nephrotic syndrome]]
[[Hepatoma]]
* [[Neuroblastoma]]
 
* [[Nodular]] regenerative  [[hyperplasia]] of the [[liver]]  
[[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
* [[Nutmeg liver]]  
 
* [[Obesity hypoventilation  syndrome]]
[[Herpes simplex|herpes  simplex infection]]
* [[Obliterative portal venopathy]]  
 
* [[Obstructive  jaundice]]  
[[Hookworm disease]]
* [[Obstructive uropathy]]
 
* Omental cyst
[[Hypervolemia]]
* [[Ovarian cyst]]
 
* [[Ovarian cancer]]
[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
* [[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]
 
* [[Pancreatic cancer]]
[[Hypothyroidism]]
* [[Pancreatic  fistula]]
 
* [[Pancreatitis]]
[[Idiopathic liver  cirrhosis]]  
* [[Parenteral nutrition]] [[extravasation]]
 
* [[Parvovirus]]
[[Immunoproliferative diseases]]
* [[Pelvic]] region [[cancers]]
 
* [[Pericarditis]]
[[Inferior vena cava  syndrome]]  
* [[Peritonitis]]
 
* [[Peritoneal dialysis]] 
[[Inferior vena cava  web]]  
* [[Persistent cloaca]]
 
* [[POEMS syndrome]]
[[Kaposiform  hemangio-endothelioma]]
* [[Polycystic kidney disease]]
 
* [[Portal  hypertension]]
[[Krukenberg tumor]]  
* [[Portal hypertension]] in  [[schistosomiasis]]
 
* [[Portal vein  occlusion]]
[[Kwashiorkor]]
* [[Portal vein  thrombosis]]
 
* [[Portal venous system|Portal venous]] [[malformation]]
[[Leptospirosis]]
* [[Poststreptococcal  glomerulonephritis]]
 
* [[Posterior urethral valves]] 
[[Liver cancer]]
* [[Pramipexole]]
 
* [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
[[Liver cirrhosis]]
* [[Primary sclerosing  cholangitis]]
 
* [[Pseudomyxoma peritonei]]
[[Liver damage]]  
* [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
 
* [[Pylorus|Pyloric]] duplication
[[Loeffler syndrome]]
* [[Right heart  failure]]
 
* [[Rotor's syndrome]]
[[Lung cancer]]
* [[Rubella|Rubella virus  infection]]
 
* Ruptured [[Corpus luteum|corpus luteum cyst]]
[[Lymphangioma]]  
* [[Hamartoma|Ruptured mesenchymal hamartoma]]
 
* [[Schistosomiasis]]
[[Lymphatic  obstruction]]
* [[Schistosomiasis|hepatosplenic  schistosomiasis]]
 
* [[Secondary biliary  cirrhosis]]
[[Malaria]]
* Severe  [[hepatitis]]
 
* [[Sleeping sickness]]
[[Mastocytosis]]  
* [[Stomach cancer]]
 
* [[Strongyloidiasis]]
[[Meig's syndrome]]
* [[Budd-Chiari syndrome|Stuartbras disease]]
 
* [[Small intestine|Small intestinal]] or [[Colon (anatomy)|colonic]] [[atresia]]
[[Ménétrier's disease]]  
* [[Syphilis|liver disease in  syphilis]]
 
* [[Systemic lupus  erythematosus]]
[[Mercaptopurine]]  
* [[Tang Hsi Ryu  syndrome]]
 
* [[Thalidomide]]
[[Mesothelioma]]
* [[Thyroxine]]  deficiency
 
* [[Toxoplasmosis]]
[[Metastasis]]
* [[Tricuspid  insufficiency]]
 
* [[Tricuspid  regurgitation]]
[[Mirror syndrome]]
* [[Tricuspid  stenosis]]
 
* [[Tricuspid valve  disease|tricuspid valve disease]]
[[Mosse syndrome]]  
* [[Trisomy]]
 
* [[Tuberculosis]]
[[Neonatal hepatitis]]  
* [[Tuberculous  pericarditis]]
 
* [[Tuberculous peritonitis]]
[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
* [[Tularemia]]
 
* [[Turner syndrome]]
[[Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver]]  
* [[Ureterocele]] 
 
* [[Ureteral disease|Lower ureteral stenosis]] 
[[Nutmeg liver]]  
* [[Ureteral]] [[atresia]]
 
* [[Veno-occlusive  disease]]
[[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
* [[Ventriculoperitoneal  shunt]]
 
* [[Vitamin A Overdose|Vitamin A toxicity]]
[[Obliterative portal  venopathy]]  
* [[VLCAD deficiency]]
 
* [[Volvulus]]
[[Obstructive  jaundice]]  
* [[WAGR syndrome]]
 
* [[Waldmann disease]]
[[Ovarian cancer]]
* [[Whipple disease]]
 
* [[Wilms tumor]]
[[Ovarian  hyperstimulation syndrome]]
* [[Wilson's Disease]]
 
* [[Wolman disease]]
[[Pancreatic cancer]]
* [[Yellow fever|yellow fever  virus infection]]
 
* [[Yolk sac tumor]]
[[Pancreatic fistula]]  
}}
 
[[Pelvic region cancers]]
 
[[Pericarditis]]  
 
[[Peritonitis]]  
 
[[POEMS syndrome]]
 
[[Portal  hypertension]]  
 
[[Portal hypertension]] in  [[schistosomiasis]]
 
[[Portal vein  occlusion]]  
 
[[Portal vein  thrombosis]]  
 
[[Poststreptococcal  glomerulonephritis]]
 
[[Pramipexole]]  
 
[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
 
[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]]  
 
[[Pseudomyxoma peritonei]]
 
[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
 
[[Right heart  failure]]  
 
[[Rotor's syndrome]]
 
[[Rubella|Rubella virus  infection]]
 
[[Schistosomiasis]]
 
[[Schistosomiasis|hepatosplenic  schistosomiasis]]
 
[[Secondary biliary  cirrhosis]]  
 
[[Severe hepatitis]]  
 
[[Sleeping sickness]]
 
[[Stomach cancer]]
 
[[Strongyloidiasis]]
 
[[Stuartbras disease]]
 
[[Syphilis|liver disease in  syphilis]]
 
[[Systemic lupus  erythematosus]]
 
[[Tang Hsi Ryu  syndrome]]
 
[[Thalidomide]]
 
[[Thyroxine  deficiency]]  
 
[[Toxoplasmosis]]
 
[[Tricuspid  insufficiency]]  
 
[[Tricuspid  regurgitation]]  
 
[[Tricuspid  stenosis]]  
 
[[Tricuspid valve  disease|tricuspid valve disease]]  
 
[[Tuberculosis]]
 
[[Tuberculous pericarditis]]  
 
[[Tuberculous peritonitis]]
 
[[Tularemia]]
 
[[Veno-occlusive  disease]]  
 
[[Ventriculoperitoneal shunt]]  
 
[[VLCAD deficiency]]
 
[[WAGR syndrome]]
 
[[Waldmann disease]]
 
[[Whipple disease]]
 
[[Wilms tumor]]
 
[[Wilson's Disease]]
 
[[Yellow fever|yellow fever  virus infection]]
 
[[Yolk sac tumor]]


===Fetal Ascites===
Causes of fetal ascites include:<ref name="pmid7899269">{{cite journal |author=Zelop C, Benacerraf BR |title=The causes and natural history of fetal ascites |journal=Prenat. Diagn. |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=941–6 |year=1994 |month=October |pmid=7899269 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Urinary ascites]]
*Bowel rupture (i.e. [[meconium peritonitis]])
*[[ovarian cyst|Ruptured ovarian cyst]]
*[[Hydrops]]
*[[Pseudoascites]]
*[[Infection]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category: Medicine]]
[[Category: Up-To-Date]]
[[Category: Gastroenterology]]
[[Category: Hepatology]]
[[Category: Emergency medicine]]


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Latest revision as of 12:29, 12 February 2018

Ascites Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2], M.Umer Tariq [3], Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [4]

Overview

Life-threatening causes of ascites are acute liver failure, hepatic failure, and hepatorenal syndrome. Common causes of ascites are Budd-Chiari syndrome, malignancy, and cirrhosis. Less common causes of ascites are the conditions which may lead to fetal ascites, neonatal ascites, and infantile ascites.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Less common causes

Causes of fetal ascites[1][2][3][4][5]

Causes of neonatal ascites[6][7][8][9]

Causes of infants and children ascites[10][11][12][13]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Arteriovenous fistula, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Cardiac amyloidosis, Cardiomegaly, Cardiomyopathy, Cholesterol pericarditis, Congestive heart failure, Constrictive pericarditis, Congestive heart failure, Constrictive pericarditis, Tuberculous pericarditis, Chylous ascites, Cor pulmonale, Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis, Endomyocardial fibrosis, Heart failure, Inferior vena cava web, Lymphatic obstruction, Lymphangioma, Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma, Inferior vena cava syndrome, Pericarditis, Right heart failure, Tricuspid insufficiency, Tricuspid regurgitation, Tricuspid stenosis, Tricuspid valve disease, Veno-occlusive disease, Ventriculoperitoneal shunt, Waldmann disease.
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic Cutis marmota telangictatica congenita
Drug Side Effect Acyclovir, Mercaptopurine, Pramipexole, Thalidomide
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Hypothyroidism, Thyroxine deficiency, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Acute liver failure, Acute pancreatitis, Alcoholic hepatitis, Alcoholic liver disease, Ascending cholangitis, Biliary atresia, Biliary fistula, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Cholangiocarcinoma, Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis, Chronic hepatitis,Cirrhosis, Colorectal cancer, Congenital liver fibrosis, End stage liver failure, Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Esophageal cancer, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, Fulminant liver failure, Granulomatous peritonitis, Hemochromatosis, Hepatic failure, Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency, Hepatitis, Hepato-biliary diseases, Idiopathic liver cirrhosis, Krukenberg tumor, Liver cancer, Liver damage, Ménétrier's disease, Mosse syndrome, Neonatal hepatitis, Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, Nutmeg liver, Obliterative portal venopathy, Obstructive jaundice, Pancreatic cancer, Pancreatic fistula, Peritonitis, Portal hypertension, Portal vein occlusion, Portal vein thrombosis, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, Secondary biliary cirrhosis, Severe hepatitis, Stomach cancer, Tuberculous peritonitis, Waldmann disease, Whipple disease
Genetic Niemann-Pick type C
Hematologic Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, Banti's Syndrome, Budd-chiari syndrome, Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis, Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Erythroblastosis fetalis , Extramedullary haemopoiesis, Hemolytic disease of the newborn, Mastocytosis, Mosse syndrome, Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome
Iatrogenic Bladder injury from umbilical artery catheterization
Infectious Disease

Alveolar hydatid disease, Amebiasis, Bilharzia, Chronic hepatitis, Chronic viral hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, Echinococcosis, Epstein Barr virus, Filariasis, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, acute hepatitis A, Acute hepatitis B, Acute hepatitis C, Acute Hepatitis D, Acute hepatitis E, Herpes simplex infection, Hookworm disease, Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma, Leptospirosis, Malaria, Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis, Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, Rubella virus infection,Schistosomiasis, Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, Sleeping sickness, Strongyloidiasis, Stuartbras disease, liver disease in syphilis, Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis, Tuberculous peritonitis, Tularemia, Whipple disease, Yellow fever virus infection

Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic

Crigler-Najjar syndrome, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Gilbert's syndrome, Hemochromatosis, Hypoalbuminemia, Kwashiorkor, Rotor's syndrome, VLCAD deficiency, Wilson's Disease

Obstetric/Gynecologic

Meigs' syndrome, Mirror syndrome

Oncologic

Anasarca, Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, Angiosarcoma of the liver, Bladder cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma, Cirrhosis of liver, Colorectal cancer, Desmoplastic small round cell tumor, Esophageal cancer, Liver cancer, Liver cirrhosis, Lung cancer, Meig's syndrome, Metastasis, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Pelvic region cancers, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, Stomach cancer, WAGR syndrome, Wilms tumor, Yolk sac tumor,

Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Vitamin A toxicity
Psychiatric Maternal/fetal abuse
Pulmonary

Cor pulmonale, Lung cancer, Mesothelioma, Nephrotic syndrome, Pulmonary hypertension

Renal / Electrolyte

Hepatorenal syndrome, Nephrotic syndrome

Rheum / Immune / Allergy

Chronic bacterial infection, Erythroblastosis fetalis, Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Eosinophilic peritonitis, Hemolytic disease of the newborn, Hemolytic anemia, Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency, Hepatoma, Immunoproliferative diseases, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Systemic lupus erythematosus

Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Bladder rupture
Urologic Posterior urethral valves, Ureterocele, Lower ureteral stenosis, Ureteral atresia, Imperforate hymen, Bladder rupture
Miscellaneous

Hypervolemia, Idiopathic, Metastasis, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, POEMS syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3


References

  1. ↑ Sun CC, Keene CL, Nagey DA (1990). "Hepatic fibrosis in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: with fetal ascites and pulmonary hypoplasia". Pediatr Pathol. 10 (4): 641–6. PMID 2164662.
  2. ↑ Stocker JT (1985). "Congenital cytomegalovirus infection presenting as massive ascites with secondary pulmonary hypoplasia". Hum. Pathol. 16 (11): 1173–5. PMID 2997019.
  3. ↑ Patton WL, Lutz AM, Willmann JK, Callen P, Barkovich AJ, Gooding CA (1998). "Systemic spread of meconium peritonitis". Pediatr Radiol. 28 (9): 714–6. doi:10.1007/s002470050449. PMID 9732503.
  4. ↑ Dirkes K, Crombleholme TM, Craigo SD, Latchaw LA, Jacir NN, Harris BH, D'Alton ME (1995). "The natural history of meconium peritonitis diagnosed in utero". J. Pediatr. Surg. 30 (7): 979–82. PMID 7472957.
  5. ↑ Son M, Walsh CA, Baxi LV (2010). "Prenatal diagnosis of urinary ascites in a fetus with meningomyelocele". Fetal. Diagn. Ther. 28 (1): 61–4. doi:10.1159/000312405. PMID 20389051.
  6. ↑ Spriggs, DW; Brantley, RE (1977). "Thoracic and abdominal extravasation: a complication of hyperalimentation in infants". American Journal of Roentgenology. 128 (3): 419–422. doi:10.2214/ajr.128.3.419. ISSN 0361-803X.
  7. ↑ Hepworth RC, Milstein JM (1984). "The transected urachus: an unusual cause of neonatal ascites". Pediatrics. 73 (3): 397–400. PMID 6701064.
  8. ↑ Keller M, Scholl-Buergi S, Sergi C, Theurl I, Weiss G, Unsinn KM, Trawöger R (2008). "An unusual case of intrauterine symptomatic neonatal liver failure". Klin Padiatr. 220 (1): 32–6. doi:10.1055/s-2007-970591. PMID 18172830.
  9. ↑ Gillan JE, Lowden JA, Gaskin K, Cutz E (1984). "Congenital ascites as a presenting sign of lysosomal storage disease". J. Pediatr. 104 (2): 225–31. PMID 6420531.
  10. ↑ Gil Z, Beni-Adani L, Siomin V, Nagar H, Dvir R, Constantini S (2001). "Ascites following ventriculoperitoneal shunting in children with chiasmatic-hypothalamic glioma". Childs Nerv Syst. 17 (7): 395–8. PMID 11465792.
  11. ↑ Goodman GM, Gourley GR (1988). "Ascites complicating ventriculoperitoneal shunts". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 7 (5): 780–2. PMID 3054040.
  12. ↑ Zegarra A, García C, Piscoya A, de Los Ríos R, Luis Pinto J, Mayo N, Huerta-Mercado J (2009). "[Eosinophilic enteritis as a rare cause of ascites: case report]". Rev Gastroenterol Peru (in Spanish; Castilian). 29 (3): 272–5. PMID 19898601.
  13. ↑ Caine Y, Deckelbaum RJ, Weizman Z, Lijovetsky G, Schiller M (1984). "Congenital hepatic fibrosis--unusual presentations". Arch. Dis. Child. 59 (11): 1094–6. PMC 1628818. PMID 6391392.

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