Odynophagia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | |||
If left untreated, patients with odynophagia may progress to develop [[weight loss]], [[malnutrition]], and food aversion. Prognosis is generally excellent, and the mortality/survival rate of patients with odynophagia depend on the primary cause. | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
===Natural History=== | |||
*If left untreated, patients with odynophagia may progress to develop [[weight loss]], [[malnutrition]], and food aversion. | |||
*However the causes of odynophagia have their own independent course of progression and complication. | |||
===Complications=== | |||
*Common complications of odynophagia depend on the treatment and progress of primary disease, which may include: | |||
**[[Upper respiratory tract infection|'''URTI''']]: [[Lower respiratory tract infection|LRTI]], [[toxemia]], [[meningitis]], [[pneumonia]], [[otitis]], orbital infections, systemic infections, [[encephalitis]]. | |||
**[[GERD|'''GERD''']]: [[Stricture]],[[weight loss]], [[Barrett's esophagus]], erosive esophagitis, [[esophageal ulcer]], [[Adenocarcinoma|esophageal adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
**'''[[Tumor]]''': [[Metastasis]], narrowing of food passage, [[weight loss]], [[DVT]]. | |||
**'''Foreign body''': local inflammation, non invasive and invasive infections. | |||
**'''[[Esophagitis]]''': [[Weight loss]], superimposed bacterial infections, [[stricture]]. | |||
===Prognosis=== | |||
*Prognosis is generally excellent, and the mortality/survival rate of patients with odynophagia depend on the primary cause. | |||
**[[Tumors]]: Depending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. [[Adenocarcinoma]] has better prognosis compared to [[Squamous cell carcinoma|squamous cell cancers]]. | |||
**[[URTI]]: Prognosis is generally excellent. Viral URTI's have better outcomes compared to bacterial URTI's. | |||
**[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|GERD]]: Prognosis is generally good. If untreated 20% may develop esophageal strictures.<ref name="pmid10780569">{{cite journal| author=Sonnenberg A, El-Serag HB| title=Clinical epidemiology and natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. | journal=Yale J Biol Med | year= 1999 | volume= 72 | issue= 2-3 | pages= 81-92 | pmid=10780569 | doi= | pmc=2579001 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10780569 }}</ref> | |||
**Foreign body: Prognosis is generally excellent, if foreign body is removed in a timely manner. | |||
**[[Esophagitis]]: Prognosis is generally good. It depends mostly on the cause of esophageal inflammation. Viral infections recover earlier with less complications compared to [[autoimmune]], bacterial and chemical causes. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category: (name of the system)]] | |||
[[Category: | |||
Latest revision as of 14:48, 26 March 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
If left untreated, patients with odynophagia may progress to develop weight loss, malnutrition, and food aversion. Prognosis is generally excellent, and the mortality/survival rate of patients with odynophagia depend on the primary cause.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- If left untreated, patients with odynophagia may progress to develop weight loss, malnutrition, and food aversion.
- However the causes of odynophagia have their own independent course of progression and complication.
Complications
- Common complications of odynophagia depend on the treatment and progress of primary disease, which may include:
- URTI: LRTI, toxemia, meningitis, pneumonia, otitis, orbital infections, systemic infections, encephalitis.
- GERD: Stricture,weight loss, Barrett's esophagus, erosive esophagitis, esophageal ulcer, esophageal adenocarcinoma.
- Tumor: Metastasis, narrowing of food passage, weight loss, DVT.
- Foreign body: local inflammation, non invasive and invasive infections.
- Esophagitis: Weight loss, superimposed bacterial infections, stricture.
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent, and the mortality/survival rate of patients with odynophagia depend on the primary cause.
- Tumors: Depending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. Adenocarcinoma has better prognosis compared to squamous cell cancers.
- URTI: Prognosis is generally excellent. Viral URTI's have better outcomes compared to bacterial URTI's.
- GERD: Prognosis is generally good. If untreated 20% may develop esophageal strictures.[1]
- Foreign body: Prognosis is generally excellent, if foreign body is removed in a timely manner.
- Esophagitis: Prognosis is generally good. It depends mostly on the cause of esophageal inflammation. Viral infections recover earlier with less complications compared to autoimmune, bacterial and chemical causes.