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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The symptoms of temporal arteritis usually develop in the fifth decade of life, and start with symptoms such as [[headache]], [[fatigue]], [[jaw claudication]], and [[Visual impairment|vision problems]]. Common complications of temporal arteritis include [[blindness]], [[aortic aneurysm]], [[stroke]], death, and side effects from steroid or immune-suppressing medications. Depending on the extent of the [[Blood vessel|vessels]] involved in temporal arteritis at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor. If left untreated, 2% of patients with temporal arteritis may | The symptoms of temporal arteritis usually develop in the fifth decade of life, and start with symptoms such as [[headache]], [[fatigue]], [[jaw claudication]], and [[Visual impairment|vision problems]]. Common complications of temporal arteritis include [[blindness]], [[aortic aneurysm]], [[stroke]], death, and side effects from steroid or immune-suppressing medications. Depending on the extent of the [[Blood vessel|vessels]] involved in temporal arteritis at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor. If left untreated, 2% of patients with temporal arteritis may develop [[ST elevation myocardial infarction|MI]] or [[stroke]] leading to death. | ||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
*The symptoms of temporal arteritis usually develop in the fifth decade of life, and start with symptoms such as headache. | *The symptoms of temporal arteritis usually develop in the fifth decade of life, and start with symptoms such as [[headache]]. | ||
*Nervous system is affected in 30% of the patients of temporal arteritis; 14% have either mononeuritis or polyneuropathy, and 7% have transient ischemic attacks or strokes.<ref name="WiszniewskaDevuyst2007">{{cite journal|last1=Wiszniewska|first1=Malgorzata|last2=Devuyst|first2=Gerald|last3=Bogousslavsky|first3=Julien|title=Giant Cell Arteritis as a Cause of First-Ever Stroke|journal=Cerebrovascular Diseases|volume=24|issue=2-3|year=2007|pages=226–230|issn=1015-9770|doi=10.1159/000104482}}</ref> | *[[Nervous system|Nervous]] system is affected in 30% of the patients of temporal arteritis; 14% have either [[Mononeuritis multiplex|mononeuritis]] or [[polyneuropathy]], and 7% have [[Transient ischemic attack|transient ischemic attacks]] or [[Stroke|strokes]].<ref name="WiszniewskaDevuyst2007">{{cite journal|last1=Wiszniewska|first1=Malgorzata|last2=Devuyst|first2=Gerald|last3=Bogousslavsky|first3=Julien|title=Giant Cell Arteritis as a Cause of First-Ever Stroke|journal=Cerebrovascular Diseases|volume=24|issue=2-3|year=2007|pages=226–230|issn=1015-9770|doi=10.1159/000104482}}</ref> | ||
*If left untreated, 2% of patients with temporal arteritis may lead to death by MI or stroke.<ref name="TomassonPeloquin2014">{{cite journal|last1=Tomasson|first1=Gunnar|last2=Peloquin|first2=Christine|last3=Mohammad|first3=Aladdin|last4=Love|first4=Thorvardur J.|last5=Zhang|first5=Yuqing|last6=Choi|first6=Hyon K.|last7=Merkel|first7=Peter A.|title=Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Early and Late After a Diagnosis of Giant-Cell Arteritis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=160|issue=2|year=2014|pages=73-80|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/M12-3046}}</ref> | *If left untreated, 2% of patients with temporal arteritis may lead to death by [[ST elevation myocardial infarction|MI]] or [[stroke]].<ref name="TomassonPeloquin2014">{{cite journal|last1=Tomasson|first1=Gunnar|last2=Peloquin|first2=Christine|last3=Mohammad|first3=Aladdin|last4=Love|first4=Thorvardur J.|last5=Zhang|first5=Yuqing|last6=Choi|first6=Hyon K.|last7=Merkel|first7=Peter A.|title=Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Early and Late After a Diagnosis of Giant-Cell Arteritis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=160|issue=2|year=2014|pages=73-80|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/M12-3046}}</ref> | ||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
*Common complications of temporal arteritis include:<ref name="Solans-LaquéBosch-Gil2008">{{cite journal|last1=Solans-Laqué|first1=Roser|last2=Bosch-Gil|first2=Josep Angel|last3=Molina-Catenario|first3=Carlos A.|last4=Ortega-Aznar|first4=Arantxa|last5=Alvarez-Sabin|first5=José|last6=Vilardell-Tarres|first6=Miguel|title=Stroke and Multi-Infarct Dementia as Presenting Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis|journal=Medicine|volume=87|issue=6|year=2008|pages=335–344|issn=0025-7974|doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181908e96}}</ref><ref name="pmid12789741">{{cite journal| author=Taylor S, Lightman S| title=The eye in cardiac and cardiovascular disease. | journal=Hosp Med | year= 2003 | volume= 64 | issue= 5 | pages= 299-301 | pmid=12789741 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12789741 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18614463">{{cite journal| author=Smulders YM, Verhagen DW| title=Giant cell arteritis causing aortic dissection and acute hypertension. | journal=BMJ | year= 2008 | volume= 337 | issue= | pages= a426 | pmid=18614463 | doi=10.1136/bmj.39503.769225.BE | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18614463 }} </ref><ref name="ScolaLi2008">{{cite journal|last1=Scola|first1=Christopher J.|last2=Li|first2=Cuizhen|last3=Upchurch|first3=Katherine S.|title=Mesenteric Involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis. An Underrecognized Complication?|journal=Medicine|volume=87|issue=1|year=2008|pages=45–51|issn=0025-7974|doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181646118}}</ref> | *Common complications of temporal arteritis include:<ref name="Solans-LaquéBosch-Gil2008">{{cite journal|last1=Solans-Laqué|first1=Roser|last2=Bosch-Gil|first2=Josep Angel|last3=Molina-Catenario|first3=Carlos A.|last4=Ortega-Aznar|first4=Arantxa|last5=Alvarez-Sabin|first5=José|last6=Vilardell-Tarres|first6=Miguel|title=Stroke and Multi-Infarct Dementia as Presenting Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis|journal=Medicine|volume=87|issue=6|year=2008|pages=335–344|issn=0025-7974|doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181908e96}}</ref><ref name="pmid12789741">{{cite journal| author=Taylor S, Lightman S| title=The eye in cardiac and cardiovascular disease. | journal=Hosp Med | year= 2003 | volume= 64 | issue= 5 | pages= 299-301 | pmid=12789741 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12789741 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18614463">{{cite journal| author=Smulders YM, Verhagen DW| title=Giant cell arteritis causing aortic dissection and acute hypertension. | journal=BMJ | year= 2008 | volume= 337 | issue= | pages= a426 | pmid=18614463 | doi=10.1136/bmj.39503.769225.BE | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18614463 }} </ref><ref name="ScolaLi2008">{{cite journal|last1=Scola|first1=Christopher J.|last2=Li|first2=Cuizhen|last3=Upchurch|first3=Katherine S.|title=Mesenteric Involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis. An Underrecognized Complication?|journal=Medicine|volume=87|issue=1|year=2008|pages=45–51|issn=0025-7974|doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181646118}}</ref> | ||
**Blindness | **[[Blindness]] | ||
**Aortic aneurysm | **[[Aortic aneurysm]] | ||
**Stroke | **[[Stroke]] | ||
**Death | **Death | ||
**Side effects from [[steroid]] or immune-suppressing medications | **Side effects from [[steroid]] or [[Immunosuppression|immune-suppressing]] medications | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
*Depending on the extent of the vessels involved in temporal arteritis at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor. | *Depending on the extent of the [[Blood vessel|vessels]] involved in temporal arteritis at the time of [[diagnosis]], the [[prognosis]] may vary. However, the [[prognosis]] is generally regarded as poor. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Rheumatology]] | [[Category:Rheumatology]] | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 03:02, 16 April 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]
Overview
The symptoms of temporal arteritis usually develop in the fifth decade of life, and start with symptoms such as headache, fatigue, jaw claudication, and vision problems. Common complications of temporal arteritis include blindness, aortic aneurysm, stroke, death, and side effects from steroid or immune-suppressing medications. Depending on the extent of the vessels involved in temporal arteritis at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor. If left untreated, 2% of patients with temporal arteritis may develop MI or stroke leading to death.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of temporal arteritis usually develop in the fifth decade of life, and start with symptoms such as headache.
- Nervous system is affected in 30% of the patients of temporal arteritis; 14% have either mononeuritis or polyneuropathy, and 7% have transient ischemic attacks or strokes.[1]
Complications
- Common complications of temporal arteritis include:[3][4][5][6]
- Blindness
- Aortic aneurysm
- Stroke
- Death
- Side effects from steroid or immune-suppressing medications
Prognosis
- Depending on the extent of the vessels involved in temporal arteritis at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor.
References
- ↑ Wiszniewska, Malgorzata; Devuyst, Gerald; Bogousslavsky, Julien (2007). "Giant Cell Arteritis as a Cause of First-Ever Stroke". Cerebrovascular Diseases. 24 (2–3): 226–230. doi:10.1159/000104482. ISSN 1015-9770.
- ↑ Tomasson, Gunnar; Peloquin, Christine; Mohammad, Aladdin; Love, Thorvardur J.; Zhang, Yuqing; Choi, Hyon K.; Merkel, Peter A. (2014). "Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Early and Late After a Diagnosis of Giant-Cell Arteritis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 160 (2): 73–80. doi:10.7326/M12-3046. ISSN 0003-4819.
- ↑ Solans-Laqué, Roser; Bosch-Gil, Josep Angel; Molina-Catenario, Carlos A.; Ortega-Aznar, Arantxa; Alvarez-Sabin, José; Vilardell-Tarres, Miguel (2008). "Stroke and Multi-Infarct Dementia as Presenting Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis". Medicine. 87 (6): 335–344. doi:10.1097/MD.0b013e3181908e96. ISSN 0025-7974.
- ↑ Taylor S, Lightman S (2003). "The eye in cardiac and cardiovascular disease". Hosp Med. 64 (5): 299–301. PMID 12789741.
- ↑ Smulders YM, Verhagen DW (2008). "Giant cell arteritis causing aortic dissection and acute hypertension". BMJ. 337: a426. doi:10.1136/bmj.39503.769225.BE. PMID 18614463.
- ↑ Scola, Christopher J.; Li, Cuizhen; Upchurch, Katherine S. (2008). "Mesenteric Involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis. An Underrecognized Complication?". Medicine. 87 (1): 45–51. doi:10.1097/MD.0b013e3181646118. ISSN 0025-7974.