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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| The [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard]] for diagnosing temporal arteritis is [[biopsy]], which involves removing of a small part of the vessel and examining it [[microscope|microscopically]] for giant cells infiltrating the tissue. Since the [[blood vessel]]s are involved in a patchy pattern, there may be unaffected areas on the vessel and the biopsy might have been taken from these parts. So, a [[false negative|negative result]] does not definitely rule out the diagnosis.
| | There are no other diagnostic studies associated with temporal arteritis. |
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| [Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| ==Other Diagnostic Studies== | | ==Other Diagnostic Studies== |
| *Temporal artery biopsy may be helpful in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. Findings diagnostic of temporal arteritis include:[118][135]
| | There are no other diagnostic studies associated with temporal arteritis. |
| **Skip lesions and normal intervening segments
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| **Intimal thickening, with prominent cellular infiltration
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| **Lymphocytes in the internal or external elastic lamina or adventitia
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| **Areas of necrosis may be present in the arterial wall
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| **Granulomas containing multinucleated histiocytic and foreign body giant cells, helper T-cell lymphocytes, plasma cells, and fibroblasts (7)
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| *A positive temporal artery biopsy is diagnostic of temporal arteritis with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity as low as 15% to as high as 87%.[117]
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| *The histopathological changes on TAB often correlate with clinical features of severity.[11]
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| *A positive biopsy after initiation of steroid treatment vary from only 10% after 1 week to 86% after 4 or more weeks of treatment.[118, 119]
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| *Most physicians with high clinical suspicion despite an initial negative biopsy would still recommend a second contralateral biopsy, given the consequences of a missed diagnosis of temporal arteritis.[124]
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| *Temporal artery biopsy is a safe procedure; however, risks include temporary or permanent damage to the temporal branch of the facial nerve, infection, bleeding, hematoma, and dehiscence.
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| *Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include:
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| **[Diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates:
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| ***[Finding 1]
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| ***[Finding 2]
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| ***[Finding 3]
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
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| [[Category:Needs content]]
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| [[Category:Rheumatology]] | | [[Category:Rheumatology]] |
| [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] |