Antiphospholipid syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Antiphospholipid syndrome}}
{{Antiphospholipid syndrome}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{FT}}
==Overview==
Antiphospholipid syndrome can occur idiopathic or due to autoimmune diseases, certain drugs, infections and malignancies.
==Causes==
Antiphospholipid syndrome can occur idiopathic or due to autoimmune diseases, certain drugs, [[Infection|infections]] and [[Cancer|malignancies]].
The causes of secondary antiphospholipid syndrome are as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |More common causes
|-
!Autoimmune diseases
!Infections
!Malignancy
|-
|
* Systemic lupus erythmatosus([[SLE]])
|'''Bacterial infections:'''
* [[Leptospirosis]]<ref name="pmid1853785">{{cite journal| author=McNeil HP, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA| title=Immunology and clinical importance of antiphospholipid antibodies. | journal=Adv Immunol | year= 1991 | volume= 49 | issue=  | pages= 193-280 | pmid=1853785 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1853785  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10477458">{{cite journal| author=Safa O, Crippa L, Della Valle P, Sabbadini MG, Viganò D'Angelo S, D'Angelo A| title=IgG reactivity to phospholipid-bound beta(2)-glycoprotein I is the main determinant of the fraction of lupus anticoagulant activity quenched by addition of hexagonal (II) phase phospholipid in patients with the clinical suspicion of antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome. | journal=Haematologica | year= 1999 | volume= 84 | issue= 9 | pages= 829-38 | pmid=10477458 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10477458  }} </ref>
* [[Syphilis]]
* [[Lyme disease|Lymes]] disease
* [[Tuberculosis]]<ref name="pmid9814666">{{cite journal| author=Triplett DA| title=Many faces of lupus anticoagulants. | journal=Lupus | year= 1998 | volume= 7 Suppl 2 | issue=  | pages= S18-22 | pmid=9814666 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9814666  }} </ref>
* [[Leprosy]]
* [[Endocarditis|Infective endocarditis]]
* Post-Streptococcal rheumatic fever
* [[Klebsiella]] infection
|Tumors of the following organs can cause APS:
* Lung
* Colon
* Breast
* Cervix
* Ovary
'''Cancers:'''
* [[Hodgkin's lymphoma|Hodgkins]] lymphoma
* Non-hodgkins [[lymphoma]]
* [[Myeloid]] leukemia
* Lymphocytic [[leukemia]]
* Primary [[myelofibrosis]]
* [[Polycythemia]] vera
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Less Common causes
|-
|'''Viral infections:'''
* [[Hepatitis]] A,B and C
* HIV<ref name="CorbanDuarte-Garcia2017">{{cite journal|last1=Corban|first1=Michel T.|last2=Duarte-Garcia|first2=Ali|last3=McBane|first3=Robert D.|last4=Matteson|first4=Eric L.|last5=Lerman|first5=Lilach O.|last6=Lerman|first6=Amir|title=Antiphospholipid Syndrome|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume=69|issue=18|year=2017|pages=2317–2330|issn=07351097|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2017.02.058}}</ref>
* Ebstein Barr virus
* Adenovirus
* Rubella
* [[Parvovirus]]
* Cytomegalovirus
* Varicella Zoster virus
'''Parasitic infections:'''
* Visceral leischmaniasis
* Pneumocysitis jirovecci
* [[Malaria]]
|'''Drugs:'''
* [[Chlorpromazine]]
* [[Procainamide]]
* [[Hydralazine]]
* [[Quinidine]]
* Quinine
* [[Phenytoin]]
* [[Alpha interferon]]
* Oral contraceptives
* [[Amoxicillin]]
* [[Chlorothiazide]]
* [[Propranolol|Propanolol]]
|}


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==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Syndromes]]
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Latest revision as of 15:35, 26 April 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

Antiphospholipid syndrome can occur idiopathic or due to autoimmune diseases, certain drugs, infections and malignancies.

Causes

Antiphospholipid syndrome can occur idiopathic or due to autoimmune diseases, certain drugs, infections and malignancies.

The causes of secondary antiphospholipid syndrome are as follows:

More common causes
Autoimmune diseases Infections Malignancy
  • Systemic lupus erythmatosus(SLE)
 Bacterial infections: Tumors of the following organs can cause APS:
  • Lung
  • Colon
  • Breast
  • Cervix
  • Ovary

Cancers:

Less Common causes
Viral infections:
  • Hepatitis A,B and C
  • HIV[4]
  • Ebstein Barr virus
  • Adenovirus
  • Rubella
  • Parvovirus
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Varicella Zoster virus

Parasitic infections:

  • Visceral leischmaniasis
  • Pneumocysitis jirovecci
  • Malaria
 Drugs:

References

  1. ↑ McNeil HP, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA (1991). "Immunology and clinical importance of antiphospholipid antibodies". Adv Immunol. 49: 193–280. PMID 1853785.
  2. ↑ Safa O, Crippa L, Della Valle P, Sabbadini MG, Viganò D'Angelo S, D'Angelo A (1999). "IgG reactivity to phospholipid-bound beta(2)-glycoprotein I is the main determinant of the fraction of lupus anticoagulant activity quenched by addition of hexagonal (II) phase phospholipid in patients with the clinical suspicion of antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome". Haematologica. 84 (9): 829–38. PMID 10477458.
  3. ↑ Triplett DA (1998). "Many faces of lupus anticoagulants". Lupus. 7 Suppl 2: S18–22. PMID 9814666.
  4. ↑ Corban, Michel T.; Duarte-Garcia, Ali; McBane, Robert D.; Matteson, Eric L.; Lerman, Lilach O.; Lerman, Amir (2017). "Antiphospholipid Syndrome". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 69 (18): 2317–2330. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.02.058. ISSN 0735-1097.
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