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==Overview==
Patients having cryoglobulinemia may have positive history of hepatitis C infection, hepatitis B infection, leg ulcers or recurrent thrombosis. Symptoms vary depending on the type of cryoglobulinemia and the organs involved.
 
==History==
Patients having cryoglobulinemia may have positive history of:
* Hepatitis C infection
* Hepatitis B infection
* Leg ulcers
* Recurrent thrombosis
 
==Symptoms ==
Symptoms vary depending on the type of cryoglobulinemia and the organs involved. Symptoms of cryoglobulinemia may include:<ref name="pmid4216269">{{cite journal| author=Brouet JC, Clauvel JP, Danon F, Klein M, Seligmann M| title=Biologic and clinical significance of cryoglobulins. A report of 86 cases. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1974 | volume= 57 | issue= 5 | pages= 775-88 | pmid=4216269 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4216269 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7704562">{{cite journal| author=Monti G, Galli M, Invernizzi F, Pioltelli P, Saccardo F, Monteverde A et al.| title=Cryoglobulinaemias: a multi-centre study of the early clinical and laboratory manifestations of primary and secondary disease. GISC. Italian Group for the Study of Cryoglobulinaemias. | journal=QJM | year= 1995 | volume= 88 | issue= 2 | pages= 115-26 | pmid=7704562 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7704562 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10787003">{{cite journal| author=Ramos-Casals M, Trejo O, García-Carrasco M, Cervera R, Font J| title=Mixed cryoglobulinemia: new concepts. | journal=Lupus | year= 2000 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= 83-91 | pmid=10787003 | doi=10.1191/096120300678828127 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10787003 }} </ref>
 
=== Pulmonary symptoms: ===
* [[Difficulty breathing]] and cough


==Overview==
=== Renal symptoms: ===
* Renal involvement is more common in type II than in type III.
* Nephrotic range proteinuria with edema
 
=== Cutaneous symptoms: ===
* [[Purpura]] or [[skin ulcer]]
===Gastrointestinal symptoms===
*Abdominal pain


== History==
=== General symptoms: ===
* Nonspecific constitutional symptoms
* Fever
* [[Arthralgia]], specifically affecting metacarophangeal, proximal phalangeal, knees and ankles. It worsens with exposure to the cold.
* [[Myalgia]]
* [[Fatigue]]


== Symptoms ==
* [[Blurred vision|Blurring]]/loss of vision
* Palpable [[purpura]], [[arthralgias]], and [[neuropathy]] are common findings. 
* [[Diplopia]]
* Nonspecific systemic complaints, [[hepatosplenomegaly]] and hypocomplementemia are noted. 
* [[Confusion]]
* Low-grade [[Non-Hodgkins lymphoma]]s may occur with increased frequency among these patients. 
* Renal disease occurs in 20% of patients at diagnosis and eventually develops in up to 60%, usually after the development of purpura.
*:* Renal involvement is more common in Type II than Type III MC. 
*:* Most patients present with ayamptomatic [[hematuria]] and [[poteinuria]], but frank [[nephrotic syndrome]] and [[acute renal failure]] can develop. 
* The characteristic findings on renal biopsy are
*:# Intraluminal thrombi
*:# Diffuse [[IgM]] deposition in the capillary loops
*:# Subendothelial deposits in a “curvilinear” pattern on EM. 
* Only 14% develop end stage renal disease ([[ESRD]]) at 10 years after a renal biopsy demonstrates MC. 
* Recurrent MC can affect up to 70% of transplanted kidneys, but does not preclude transplantation since most of these grafts do not fail.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 14:31, 1 May 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]Feham Tariq, MD [3]

Overview

Patients having cryoglobulinemia may have positive history of hepatitis C infection, hepatitis B infection, leg ulcers or recurrent thrombosis. Symptoms vary depending on the type of cryoglobulinemia and the organs involved.

History

Patients having cryoglobulinemia may have positive history of:

  • Hepatitis C infection
  • Hepatitis B infection
  • Leg ulcers
  • Recurrent thrombosis

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the type of cryoglobulinemia and the organs involved. Symptoms of cryoglobulinemia may include:[1][2][3]

Pulmonary symptoms:

Renal symptoms:

  • Renal involvement is more common in type II than in type III.
  • Nephrotic range proteinuria with edema

Cutaneous symptoms:

Gastrointestinal symptoms

  • Abdominal pain

General symptoms:

  • Nonspecific constitutional symptoms
  • Fever
  • Arthralgia, specifically affecting metacarophangeal, proximal phalangeal, knees and ankles. It worsens with exposure to the cold.
  • Myalgia
  • Fatigue

References

  1. Brouet JC, Clauvel JP, Danon F, Klein M, Seligmann M (1974). "Biologic and clinical significance of cryoglobulins. A report of 86 cases". Am J Med. 57 (5): 775–88. PMID 4216269.
  2. Monti G, Galli M, Invernizzi F, Pioltelli P, Saccardo F, Monteverde A; et al. (1995). "Cryoglobulinaemias: a multi-centre study of the early clinical and laboratory manifestations of primary and secondary disease. GISC. Italian Group for the Study of Cryoglobulinaemias". QJM. 88 (2): 115–26. PMID 7704562.
  3. Ramos-Casals M, Trejo O, García-Carrasco M, Cervera R, Font J (2000). "Mixed cryoglobulinemia: new concepts". Lupus. 9 (2): 83–91. doi:10.1191/096120300678828127. PMID 10787003.


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