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{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
  Name          = Minimal change disease |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|N|04||n|00}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|581.3}} |
  ICDO          = |
  Image          = |
  Caption        = |
  OMIM          = |
  OMIM_mult      = |
  MedlinePlus    = 000496 |
  eMedicineSubj  = med |
  eMedicineTopic = 1483 |
  DiseasesDB    = 8230 |
}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}


'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:’’’ {{CZ}}
__NOTOC__
'''For patient information, click [[Minimal change disease (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Minimal change disease}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}, [[User:YazanDaaboul|Yazan Daaboul]], [[User:Sergekorjian|Serge Korjian]] {{HK}} ;{{VKG}}


{{SK}} Lipoid nephrosis, nil, nothing-in-light microscopy, steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome, steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome


==[[Minimal change disease overview|Overview]]==


==Overview==
==[[Minimal change disease historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


'''Minimal change disease''' or ''nil disease'' (lipoid nephrosis) is a disease of the [[kidney]] which causes [[nephrotic syndrome]] and usually affects children (peak incidence at 2-3 years of age).<ref name=Robbins_2005>{{cite book | author = Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas A (editors) | title = Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease | edition = 7th | pages=pp. 981-2 | publisher = Saunders | year = 2003 | id = ISBN 978-0-721-60187-8 }}</ref>
==[[Minimal change disease classification|Classification]]==


==Symptoms==
==[[Minimal change disease pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
The symptoms are [[proteinuria]] (leakage of protein into the urine) and [[water retention]].  There are other kidney diseases that have these same symptoms but a [[needle biopsy]] shows change in the kidney tissue if these other diseases are present. 


==Causes==
==[[Minimal change disease causes|Causes]]==
Minimal change disease can be associated with food allergies, medications, or hematologic malignancies, or it can occur [[idiopathic|idiopathically]]. The pathology does not appear to involve complement, [[Antibody|immunoglobulins]], or immune complex deposition. Rather, an altered cell-mediated immunologic response with abnormal secretion of [[lymphokine]]s by [[T cell]]s is thought to reduce the production of anions in the [[glomerular basement membrane]], thereby increasing the glomerular permeability to [[serum albumin]] through a reduction of electrostatic repulsion.<ref name=Mathieson_2003>{{cite journal |author=Mathieson P |title=Immune dysregulation in minimal change nephropathy |journal=Nephrol Dial Transplant |volume=18 Suppl 6 |issue= |pages=vi26-9 |year=2003 |pmid=12953038}}</ref> The loss of [[Anion|anionic]] charges is also thought to favor foot process fusion.  With minimal change disease the kidney tissue appears normal under a light microscope, but shows [[podocyte]] foot process effacement under an [[Electron microscopy|electron microscope]].<ref name=Robbins_2005 />


==Treatment==
==[[Minimal change disease differential diagnosis|Differentiating Minimal change disease from other Diseases]]==
[[Prednisone]] is prescribed along with a blood pressure medication, typically an [[ACE inhibitor]] such as [[lisinopril]].  Often the liver is overactive with minimal change disease and over produces [[cholesterol]].  Therefore a [[statin]] drug is often prescribed for the duration of the treatment.  When the urine is clear of protein, the drugs can be discontinued. 50% of patients will relapse and need further treatment.


==Other notes==
==[[Minimal change disease epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
80% of those who get minimal change disease have a recurrence with 20% never realizing another occurrence.  Some authors have noted that other conditions associated with T-cell abnormalities, such as [[Hodgkin's disease]] and [[T-cell lymphoma]], are sometimes associated with minimal change disease.


==External links==
==[[Minimal change disease risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


* [http://www.kidcomm.org Kidcomm] - An online resource for parents dealing with childhood kidney diseases
==[[Minimal change disease natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis]]==
* [http://www.kidney.org National Kidney Foundation]


==References==
==Diagnosis==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Minimal change disease history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Minimal change disease physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Minimal change disease laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Minimal change disease immunohistology|Immunohistology]] | [[Minimal change disease electron microscopy|Electron Microscopy]] | [[Minimal change disease other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]]


==Treatment==
[[Minimal change disease medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Minimal change disease primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Minimal change disease secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Minimal change disease cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] |  [[Minimal change disease future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


{{Nephrology}}
==Case Studies==


[[Minimal change disease case study one|Case #1]]


[[Category:Kidney diseases]]
{{Nephrology}}
 
 
 
[[ja:微小変化群]]
[[pt:Glomerulonefrite por lesões mínimas]]
[[sv:Minimal change disease]]


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Latest revision as of 17:17, 7 May 2018


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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [3] ;Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [4]

Synonyms and keywords: Lipoid nephrosis, nil, nothing-in-light microscopy, steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome, steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Minimal change disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Immunohistology | Electron Microscopy | Other Imaging Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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