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==Overview==
==Overview==
==Natural History==
The symptoms of spinal stenosis usually develop in the old age, and start with symptoms such as pain and cramping in neck, back and legs. Common complications of spinal stenosis include: [[Numbness]] of [[limbs]], [[Paralysis]] of [[limbs]], [[Weakness]] of [[limbs]], [[Obesity]] due lack of activity, [[Bladder]] or [[bowel]] [[incontinence]],[[Depression]], and other [[psychological]] problems. Prognosis in patients with spinal stenosis who initially treated with [[medical]] or [[physical therapy]] is variable. Among treated patients without [[surgery]] in one study, about 50% remain unchanged, 25% improve, and 25% worsen (mean follow-up was 49 months, range 10 to 103 months). Outcome in patients treated surgically is not significantly better rather than nonsurgically treated patients.
==Complications==
 
[[Injury]] can occur to the legs or feet due to lack of sensation. [[Infection]]s may get worse because you may not feel the pain related to them. Changes caused by nerve compression may be permanent, even if the pressure is relieved.
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
 
Many people with spinal stenosis are able to carry on active lifestyles for many years with the condition. Some change in activities or work may be needed.
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of spinal usually develop in the old age, and start with symptoms such as pain and cramping in neck, back and legs. <ref name="pmid24365318">{{cite journal| author=Melancia JL, Francisco AF, Antunes JL| title=Spinal stenosis. | journal=Handb Clin Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 119 | issue=  | pages= 541-9 | pmid=24365318 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00035-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24365318  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29179752">{{cite journal| author=Doualla-Bija M, Takang MA, Mankaa E, Moutchia J, Ongolo-Zogo P, Luma-Namme H| title=Characteristics and determinants of clinical symptoms in radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis in a tertiary health care centre in sub-Saharan Africa. | journal=BMC Musculoskelet Disord | year= 2017 | volume= 18 | issue= 1 | pages= 494 | pmid=29179752 | doi=10.1186/s12891-017-1844-2 | pmc=5704579 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29179752  }} </ref>
===Complications===
*Common complications of [disease name] include:
**[[Numbness]] of [[limbs]]<ref name="pmid24365318">{{cite journal| author=Melancia JL, Francisco AF, Antunes JL| title=Spinal stenosis. | journal=Handb Clin Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 119 | issue=  | pages= 541-9 | pmid=24365318 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00035-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24365318  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29179752">{{cite journal| author=Doualla-Bija M, Takang MA, Mankaa E, Moutchia J, Ongolo-Zogo P, Luma-Namme H| title=Characteristics and determinants of clinical symptoms in radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis in a tertiary health care centre in sub-Saharan Africa. | journal=BMC Musculoskelet Disord | year= 2017 | volume= 18 | issue= 1 | pages= 494 | pmid=29179752 | doi=10.1186/s12891-017-1844-2 | pmc=5704579 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29179752  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25202160">{{cite journal| author=Ammendolia C| title=Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and its imposters: three case studies. | journal=J Can Chiropr Assoc | year= 2014 | volume= 58 | issue= 3 | pages= 312-9 | pmid=25202160 | doi= | pmc=4139768 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25202160  }} </ref>
**[[Paralysis]] of [[limbs]]<ref name="pmid24365318">{{cite journal| author=Melancia JL, Francisco AF, Antunes JL| title=Spinal stenosis. | journal=Handb Clin Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 119 | issue=  | pages= 541-9 | pmid=24365318 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00035-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24365318  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29179752">{{cite journal| author=Doualla-Bija M, Takang MA, Mankaa E, Moutchia J, Ongolo-Zogo P, Luma-Namme H| title=Characteristics and determinants of clinical symptoms in radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis in a tertiary health care centre in sub-Saharan Africa. | journal=BMC Musculoskelet Disord | year= 2017 | volume= 18 | issue= 1 | pages= 494 | pmid=29179752 | doi=10.1186/s12891-017-1844-2 | pmc=5704579 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29179752  }} </ref>
**[[Weakness]] of [[limbs]]<ref name="pmid24365318">{{cite journal| author=Melancia JL, Francisco AF, Antunes JL| title=Spinal stenosis. | journal=Handb Clin Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 119 | issue=  | pages= 541-9 | pmid=24365318 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00035-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24365318  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29179752">{{cite journal| author=Doualla-Bija M, Takang MA, Mankaa E, Moutchia J, Ongolo-Zogo P, Luma-Namme H| title=Characteristics and determinants of clinical symptoms in radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis in a tertiary health care centre in sub-Saharan Africa. | journal=BMC Musculoskelet Disord | year= 2017 | volume= 18 | issue= 1 | pages= 494 | pmid=29179752 | doi=10.1186/s12891-017-1844-2 | pmc=5704579 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29179752  }} </ref>
**[[Obesity]] due lack of activity<ref name="pmid26165225">{{cite journal| author=Knutsson B, Sandén B, Sjödén G, Järvholm B, Michaëlsson K| title=Body Mass Index and Risk for Clinical Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Cohort Study. | journal=Spine (Phila Pa 1976) | year= 2015 | volume= 40 | issue= 18 | pages= 1451-6 | pmid=26165225 | doi=10.1097/BRS.0000000000001038 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26165225  }} </ref>
**[[Bladder]] or [[bowel]] [[incontinence]]<ref name="pmid21375969">{{cite journal| author=De Riggo J, Benčo M, Kolarovszki B, Lupták J, Svihra J| title=[Urinary incontinence in degenerative spinal disease]. | journal=Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech | year= 2011 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 67-70 | pmid=21375969 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21375969  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3559621">{{cite journal| author=Foster OJ, Harrison MJ, Crockard HA| title=Exercise provoked faecal incontinence in spinal stenosis. | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | year= 1987 | volume= 50 | issue= 3 | pages= 362-3 | pmid=3559621 | doi= | pmc=1031810 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3559621  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24365318">{{cite journal| author=Melancia JL, Francisco AF, Antunes JL| title=Spinal stenosis. | journal=Handb Clin Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 119 | issue=  | pages= 541-9 | pmid=24365318 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00035-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24365318  }} </ref><ref name="pmid29179752">{{cite journal| author=Doualla-Bija M, Takang MA, Mankaa E, Moutchia J, Ongolo-Zogo P, Luma-Namme H| title=Characteristics and determinants of clinical symptoms in radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis in a tertiary health care centre in sub-Saharan Africa. | journal=BMC Musculoskelet Disord | year= 2017 | volume= 18 | issue= 1 | pages= 494 | pmid=29179752 | doi=10.1186/s12891-017-1844-2 | pmc=5704579 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29179752  }} </ref>
**[[Depression]], and other [[psychological]] problems<ref name="pmid16507504">{{cite journal| author=Sinikallio S, Aalto T, Airaksinen O, Herno A, Kröger H, Savolainen S et al.| title=Depression and associated factors in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. | journal=Disabil Rehabil | year= 2006 | volume= 28 | issue= 7 | pages= 415-22 | pmid=16507504 | doi=10.1080/09638280500192462 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16507504  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28822826">{{cite journal| author=Tuomainen I, Pakarinen M, Aalto T, Sinikallio S, Kröger H, Viinamäki H et al.| title=Depression is associated with the long-term outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis surgery: a 10-year follow-up study. | journal=Spine J | year= 2018 | volume= 18 | issue= 3 | pages= 458-463 | pmid=28822826 | doi=10.1016/j.spinee.2017.08.228 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28822826  }} </ref>
===Prognosis===
 
*Prognosis in patients with spinal stenosis who initially treated with [[medical]] or [[physical therapy]] is variable.<ref name="pmid23083437">{{cite journal| author=Sigmundsson FG, Kang XP, Jönsson B, Strömqvist B| title=Prognostic factors in lumbar spinal stenosis surgery. | journal=Acta Orthop | year= 2012 | volume= 83 | issue= 5 | pages= 536-42 | pmid=23083437 | doi=10.3109/17453674.2012.733915 | pmc=3488183 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23083437  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26863214">{{cite journal| author=Matsudaira K, Hara N, Oka H, Kunogi J, Yamazaki T, Takeshita K et al.| title=Predictive Factors for Subjective Improvement in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Patients with Nonsurgical Treatment: A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2016 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= e0148584 | pmid=26863214 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0148584 | pmc=4749385 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26863214  }} </ref>
*Among treated patients without [[surgery]] in one study, about 50% remain unchanged, 25% improve, and 25% worsen (mean follow-up was 49 months, range 10 to 103 months).
*Outcome in patients treated surgically is not significantly better rather than nonsurgically treated patients.<ref name="pmid26824399">{{cite journal| author=Zaina F, Tomkins-Lane C, Carragee E, Negrini S| title=Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis. | journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev | year= 2016 | volume=  | issue= 1 | pages= CD010264 | pmid=26824399 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010264.pub2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26824399  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27128388">{{cite journal| author=Zaina F, Tomkins-Lane C, Carragee E, Negrini S| title=Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Treatment for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. | journal=Spine (Phila Pa 1976) | year= 2016 | volume= 41 | issue= 14 | pages= E857-68 | pmid=27128388 | doi=10.1097/BRS.0000000000001635 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27128388  }} </ref>


Spine surgery will often provide full or partial relief of symptoms. However, future spine problems are still possible after spine surgery. The area of the spinal column above and below a spinal fusion are more likely to be stressed when the spine moves. Also, if you needed more than one kind of back surgery (such as [[laminectomy]] and spinal fusion), you may be more likely to have future problems.
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
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Latest revision as of 14:04, 20 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

The symptoms of spinal stenosis usually develop in the old age, and start with symptoms such as pain and cramping in neck, back and legs. Common complications of spinal stenosis include: Numbness of limbs, Paralysis of limbs, Weakness of limbs, Obesity due lack of activity, Bladder or bowel incontinence,Depression, and other psychological problems. Prognosis in patients with spinal stenosis who initially treated with medical or physical therapy is variable. Among treated patients without surgery in one study, about 50% remain unchanged, 25% improve, and 25% worsen (mean follow-up was 49 months, range 10 to 103 months). Outcome in patients treated surgically is not significantly better rather than nonsurgically treated patients.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

  • The symptoms of spinal usually develop in the old age, and start with symptoms such as pain and cramping in neck, back and legs. [1][2]

Complications

Prognosis

  • Prognosis in patients with spinal stenosis who initially treated with medical or physical therapy is variable.[9][10]
  • Among treated patients without surgery in one study, about 50% remain unchanged, 25% improve, and 25% worsen (mean follow-up was 49 months, range 10 to 103 months).
  • Outcome in patients treated surgically is not significantly better rather than nonsurgically treated patients.[11][12]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Melancia JL, Francisco AF, Antunes JL (2014). "Spinal stenosis". Handb Clin Neurol. 119: 541–9. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00035-7. PMID 24365318.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Doualla-Bija M, Takang MA, Mankaa E, Moutchia J, Ongolo-Zogo P, Luma-Namme H (2017). "Characteristics and determinants of clinical symptoms in radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis in a tertiary health care centre in sub-Saharan Africa". BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 18 (1): 494. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1844-2. PMC 5704579. PMID 29179752.
  3. ↑ Ammendolia C (2014). "Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and its imposters: three case studies". J Can Chiropr Assoc. 58 (3): 312–9. PMC 4139768. PMID 25202160.
  4. ↑ Knutsson B, Sandén B, Sjödén G, Järvholm B, Michaëlsson K (2015). "Body Mass Index and Risk for Clinical Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Cohort Study". Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 40 (18): 1451–6. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001038. PMID 26165225.
  5. ↑ De Riggo J, Benčo M, Kolarovszki B, Lupták J, Svihra J (2011). "[Urinary incontinence in degenerative spinal disease]". Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 78 (1): 67–70. PMID 21375969.
  6. ↑ Foster OJ, Harrison MJ, Crockard HA (1987). "Exercise provoked faecal incontinence in spinal stenosis". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 50 (3): 362–3. PMC 1031810. PMID 3559621.
  7. ↑ Sinikallio S, Aalto T, Airaksinen O, Herno A, Kröger H, Savolainen S; et al. (2006). "Depression and associated factors in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis". Disabil Rehabil. 28 (7): 415–22. doi:10.1080/09638280500192462. PMID 16507504.
  8. ↑ Tuomainen I, Pakarinen M, Aalto T, Sinikallio S, Kröger H, Viinamäki H; et al. (2018). "Depression is associated with the long-term outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis surgery: a 10-year follow-up study". Spine J. 18 (3): 458–463. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2017.08.228. PMID 28822826.
  9. ↑ Sigmundsson FG, Kang XP, Jönsson B, Strömqvist B (2012). "Prognostic factors in lumbar spinal stenosis surgery". Acta Orthop. 83 (5): 536–42. doi:10.3109/17453674.2012.733915. PMC 3488183. PMID 23083437.
  10. ↑ Matsudaira K, Hara N, Oka H, Kunogi J, Yamazaki T, Takeshita K; et al. (2016). "Predictive Factors for Subjective Improvement in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Patients with Nonsurgical Treatment: A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study". PLoS One. 11 (2): e0148584. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148584. PMC 4749385. PMID 26863214.
  11. ↑ Zaina F, Tomkins-Lane C, Carragee E, Negrini S (2016). "Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD010264. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010264.pub2. PMID 26824399.
  12. ↑ Zaina F, Tomkins-Lane C, Carragee E, Negrini S (2016). "Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Treatment for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis". Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 41 (14): E857–68. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001635. PMID 27128388.

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