Homeobox protein TGIF1: Difference between revisions

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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Homeobox protein TGIF1''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''TGIF1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8537382">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bertolino E, Reimund B, Wildt-Perinic D, Clerc RG | title = A novel homeobox protein which recognizes a TGT core and functionally interferes with a retinoid-responsive motif | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 270 | issue = 52 | pages = 31178–88 | date = February 1996 | pmid = 8537382 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1074/jbc.270.52.31178 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10835638">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gripp KW, Wotton D, Edwards MC, Roessler E, Ades L, Meinecke P, Richieri-Costa A, Zackai EH, Massagué J, Muenke M, Elledge SJ | title = Mutations in TGIF cause holoprosencephaly and link NODAL signalling to human neural axis determination | journal = Nat Genet | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 205–8 | date = June 2000 | pmid = 10835638 | pmc = | doi = 10.1038/76074 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TGIF1 TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7050| accessdate = }}</ref> Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and eight variants, encoding four distinct isoforms, are described.
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| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1
| HGNCid = 11776
| Symbol = TGIF1
| AltSymbols =; TGIF; HPE4; MGC39747; MGC5066
| OMIM = 602630
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 7574
| MGIid = 1194497
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TGIF1_203313_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003714 |text = transcription corepressor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000122 |text = negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 7050
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000177426
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003235
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003244
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 18
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 3437608
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 3448404
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q15583
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 21815
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000047407
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009372
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033398
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 70749554
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 70751256
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TVD4
  }}
}}
'''TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1''', also known as '''TGIF1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TGIF1 TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7050| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) superclass of atypical [[homeodomain fold|homeodomain]]s. TALE [[homeobox]] proteins are highly conserved transcription regulators. This particular homeodomain binds to a previously characterized [[retinoid X receptor]] responsive element from the cellular retinol-binding protein II promoter. In addition to its role in inhibiting 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent RXR alpha transcription activation of the retinoic acid responsive element, the protein is an active transcriptional co-repressor of [[mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2|SMAD2]] and may participate in the transmission of nuclear signals during development and in the adult.
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) superclass of atypical homeodomains. TALE homeobox proteins are highly conserved transcription regulators. This particular homeodomain binds to a previously characterized retinoid X receptor responsive element from the cellular retinol-binding protein II promoter. In addition to its role in inhibiting 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent RXR alpha transcription activation of the retinoic acid responsive element, the protein is an active transcriptional co-repressor of SMAD2 and may participate in the transmission of nuclear signals during development and in the adult. Mutations in this gene are associated with holoprosencephaly type 4, which is a structural anomaly of the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and eight variants, encoding four distinct isoforms, are described.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TGIF1 TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7050| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
== Clinical significance ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
Mutations in this gene are associated with [[holoprosencephaly]] type 4, which is a structural anomaly of the brain.<ref name="entrez" />  It has also been associated with risk of otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear)
 
== Interactions ==
 
Homeobox protein TGIF1 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
* [[C-jun]],<ref name = pmid11371641>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pessah M, Prunier C, Marais J, Ferrand N, Mazars A, Lallemand F, Gauthier JM, Atfi A | title = c-Jun interacts with the corepressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF) to suppress Smad2 transcriptional activity | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 98 | issue = 11 | pages = 6198–203 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11371641 | pmc = 33445 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.101579798 }}</ref>
* [[CTBP1]],<ref name = pmid10995736/>
* [[HDAC1]],<ref name = pmid10995736>{{cite journal | vauthors = Melhuish TA, Wotton D | title = The interaction of the carboxyl terminus-binding protein with the Smad corepressor TGIF is disrupted by a holoprosencephaly mutation in TGIF | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 50 | pages = 39762–6 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 10995736 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C000416200 }}</ref><ref name = pmid11427533>{{cite journal | vauthors = Melhuish TA, Gallo CM, Wotton D | title = TGIF2 interacts with histone deacetylase 1 and represses transcription | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 34 | pages = 32109–14 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11427533 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M103377200 }}</ref>  and
* [[Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2]].<ref name = pmid11371641/><ref name = pmid10199400>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wotton D, Lo RS, Lee S, Massagué J | title = A Smad transcriptional corepressor | journal = Cell | volume = 97 | issue = 1 | pages = 29–39 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10199400 | doi =  10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80712-6}}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = El-Jaick KB, Powers SE, Bartholin L, Myers KR, Hahn J, Orioli IM, Ouspenskaia M, Lacbawan F, Roessler E, Wotton D, Muenke M | title = Functional analysis of mutations in TGIF associated with holoprosencephaly | journal = Mol. Genet. Metab. | volume = 90 | issue = 1 | pages = 97–111 | year = 2007 | pmid = 16962354 | pmc = 1820763 | doi = 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.07.011 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Münke M, Page DC, Brown LG, Armson BA, Zackai EH, Mennuti MT, Emanuel BS | title = Molecular detection of a Yp/18 translocation in a 45,X holoprosencephalic male | journal = Hum. Genet. | volume = 80 | issue = 3 | pages = 219–23 | year = 1989 | pmid = 3192211 | doi = 10.1007/BF01790089 }}
*{{cite journal | author=El-Jaick KB, Powers SE, Bartholin L, ''et al.'' |title=Functional analysis of mutations in TGIF associated with holoprosencephaly. |journal=Mol. Genet. Metab. |volume=90 |issue= 1 |pages= 97-111 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16962354 |doi= 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.07.011 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Overhauser J, Mitchell HF, Zackai EH, Tick DB, Rojas K, Muenke M | title = Physical mapping of the holoprosencephaly critical region in 18p11.3 | journal = Am. J. Hum. Genet. | volume = 57 | issue = 5 | pages = 1080–5 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7485158 | pmc = 1801375 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Münke M, Page DC, Brown LG, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular detection of a Yp/18 translocation in a 45,X holoprosencephalic male. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=80 |issue= 3 |pages= 219-23 |year= 1989 |pmid= 3192211 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wotton D, Lo RS, Lee S, Massagué J | title = A Smad transcriptional corepressor | journal = Cell | volume = 97 | issue = 1 | pages = 29–39 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10199400 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80712-6 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Overhauser J, Mitchell HF, Zackai EH, ''et al.'' |title=Physical mapping of the holoprosencephaly critical region in 18p11.3. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=57 |issue= 5 |pages= 1080-5 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7485158 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yang Y, Hwang CK, D'Souza UM, Lee SH, Junn E, Mouradian MM | title = Three-amino acid extension loop homeodomain proteins Meis2 and TGIF differentially regulate transcription | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 27 | pages = 20734–41 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10764806 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M908382199 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bertolino E, Reimund B, Wildt-Perinic D, Clerc RG |title=A novel homeobox protein which recognizes a TGT core and functionally interferes with a retinoid-responsive motif. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 52 |pages= 31178-88 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8537382 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Melhuish TA, Wotton D | title = The interaction of the carboxyl terminus-binding protein with the Smad corepressor TGIF is disrupted by a holoprosencephaly mutation in TGIF | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 50 | pages = 39762–6 | year = 2001 | pmid = 10995736 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C000416200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wotton D, Lo RS, Lee S, Massagué J |title=A Smad transcriptional corepressor. |journal=Cell |volume=97 |issue= 1 |pages= 29-39 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10199400 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lo RS, Wotton D, Massagué J | title = Epidermal growth factor signaling via Ras controls the Smad transcriptional co-repressor TGIF | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 20 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 128–36 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11226163 | pmc = 140192 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/20.1.128 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yang Y, Hwang CK, D'Souza UM, ''et al.'' |title=Three-amino acid extension loop homeodomain proteins Meis2 and TGIF differentially regulate transcription. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 27 |pages= 20734-41 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10764806 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M908382199 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pessah M, Prunier C, Marais J, Ferrand N, Mazars A, Lallemand F, Gauthier JM, Atfi A | title = c-Jun interacts with the corepressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF) to suppress Smad2 transcriptional activity | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 98 | issue = 11 | pages = 6198–203 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11371641 | pmc = 33445 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.101579798 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gripp KW, Wotton D, Edwards MC, ''et al.'' |title=Mutations in TGIF cause holoprosencephaly and link NODAL signalling to human neural axis determination. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=25 |issue= 2 |pages= 205-8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10835638 |doi= 10.1038/76074 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yu X, Li P, Roeder RG, Wang Z | title = Inhibition of androgen receptor-mediated transcription by amino-terminal enhancer of split | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 21 | issue = 14 | pages = 4614–25 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11416139 | pmc = 87125 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.14.4614-4625.2001 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Melhuish TA, Wotton D |title=The interaction of the carboxyl terminus-binding protein with the Smad corepressor TGIF is disrupted by a holoprosencephaly mutation in TGIF. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 50 |pages= 39762-6 |year= 2001 |pmid= 10995736 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.C000416200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wotton D, Knoepfler PS, Laherty CD, Eisenman RN, Massagué J | title = The Smad transcriptional corepressor TGIF recruits mSin3 | journal = Cell Growth Differ. | volume = 12 | issue = 9 | pages = 457–63 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11571228 | doi = }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lo RS, Wotton D, Massagué J |title=Epidermal growth factor signaling via Ras controls the Smad transcriptional co-repressor TGIF. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=20 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 128-36 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11226163 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/20.1.128 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sharma M, Sun Z | title = 5'TG3' interacting factor interacts with Sin3A and represses AR-mediated transcription | journal = Mol. Endocrinol. | volume = 15 | issue = 11 | pages = 1918–28 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11682623 | doi = 10.1210/me.15.11.1918 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pessah M, Prunier C, Marais J, ''et al.'' |title=c-Jun interacts with the corepressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF) to suppress Smad2 transcriptional activity. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 11 |pages= 6198-203 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11371641 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.101579798 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dintilhac A, Bernués J | title = HMGB1 interacts with many apparently unrelated proteins by recognizing short amino acid sequences | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 9 | pages = 7021–8 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11748221 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M108417200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yu X, Li P, Roeder RG, Wang Z |title=Inhibition of androgen receptor-mediated transcription by amino-terminal enhancer of split. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=21 |issue= 14 |pages= 4614-25 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11416139 |doi= 10.1128/MCB.21.14.4614-4625.2001 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chen CP, Chern SR, Du SH, Wang W | title = Molecular diagnosis of a novel heterozygous 268C-->T (R90C) mutation in TGIF gene in a fetus with holoprosencephaly and premaxillary agenesis | journal = Prenat. Diagn. | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 5–7 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11810641 | doi = 10.1002/pd.202 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wotton D, Knoepfler PS, Laherty CD, ''et al.'' |title=The Smad transcriptional corepressor TGIF recruits mSin3. |journal=Cell Growth Differ. |volume=12 |issue= 9 |pages= 457-63 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11571228 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Aguilella C, Dubourg C, Attia-Sobol J, Vigneron J, Blayau M, Pasquier L, Lazaro L, Odent S, David V | title = Molecular screening of the TGIF gene in holoprosencephaly: identification of two novel mutations | journal = Hum. Genet. | volume = 112 | issue = 2 | pages = 131–4 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12522553 | doi = 10.1007/s00439-002-0862-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sharma M, Sun Z |title=5'TG3' interacting factor interacts with Sin3A and represses AR-mediated transcription. |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=15 |issue= 11 |pages= 1918-28 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11682623 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chen F, Ogawa K, Nagarajan RP, Zhang M, Kuang C, Chen Y | title = Regulation of TG-interacting factor by transforming growth factor-beta | journal = Biochem. J. | volume = 371 | issue = Pt 2 | pages = 257–63 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12593671 | pmc = 1223316 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20030095 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dintilhac A, Bernués J |title=HMGB1 interacts with many apparently unrelated proteins by recognizing short amino acid sequences. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 9 |pages= 7021-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11748221 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M108417200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lam DS, Lee WS, Leung YF, Tam PO, Fan DS, Fan BJ, Pang CP | title = TGFbeta-induced factor: a candidate gene for high myopia | journal = Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | volume = 44 | issue = 3 | pages = 1012–5 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12601022 | doi = 10.1167/iovs.02-0058 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chen CP, Chern SR, Du SH, Wang W |title=Molecular diagnosis of a novel heterozygous 268C-->T (R90C) mutation in TGIF gene in a fetus with holoprosencephaly and premaxillary agenesis. |journal=Prenat. Diagn. |volume=22 |issue= 1 |pages= 5-7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11810641 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dubourg C, Lazaro L, Pasquier L, Bendavid C, Blayau M, Le Duff F, Durou MR, Odent S, David V | title = Molecular screening of SHH, ZIC2, SIX3, and TGIF genes in patients with features of holoprosencephaly spectrum: Mutation review and genotype-phenotype correlations | journal = Hum. Mutat. | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–51 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15221788 | doi = 10.1002/humu.20056 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Aguilella C, Dubourg C, Attia-Sobol J, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular screening of the TGIF gene in holoprosencephaly: identification of two novel mutations. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=112 |issue= 2 |pages= 131-4 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12522553 |doi= 10.1007/s00439-002-0862-8 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chen F, Ogawa K, Nagarajan RP, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of TG-interacting factor by transforming growth factor-beta. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=371 |issue= Pt 2 |pages= 257-63 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12593671 |doi= 10.1042/BJ20030095 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lam DS, Lee WS, Leung YF, ''et al.'' |title=TGFbeta-induced factor: a candidate gene for high myopia. |journal=Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. |volume=44 |issue= 3 |pages= 1012-5 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12601022 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Dubourg C, Lazaro L, Pasquier L, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular screening of SHH, ZIC2, SIX3, and TGIF genes in patients with features of holoprosencephaly spectrum: Mutation review and genotype-phenotype correlations. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=24 |issue= 1 |pages= 43-51 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15221788 |doi= 10.1002/humu.20056 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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Latest revision as of 09:02, 9 January 2019

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Homeobox protein TGIF1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGIF1 gene.[1][2][3] Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and eight variants, encoding four distinct isoforms, are described.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) superclass of atypical homeodomains. TALE homeobox proteins are highly conserved transcription regulators. This particular homeodomain binds to a previously characterized retinoid X receptor responsive element from the cellular retinol-binding protein II promoter. In addition to its role in inhibiting 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent RXR alpha transcription activation of the retinoic acid responsive element, the protein is an active transcriptional co-repressor of SMAD2 and may participate in the transmission of nuclear signals during development and in the adult.

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are associated with holoprosencephaly type 4, which is a structural anomaly of the brain.[3] It has also been associated with risk of otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear)

Interactions

Homeobox protein TGIF1 has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ↑ Bertolino E, Reimund B, Wildt-Perinic D, Clerc RG (February 1996). "A novel homeobox protein which recognizes a TGT core and functionally interferes with a retinoid-responsive motif". J Biol Chem. 270 (52): 31178–88. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.52.31178. PMID 8537382.
  2. ↑ Gripp KW, Wotton D, Edwards MC, Roessler E, Ades L, Meinecke P, Richieri-Costa A, Zackai EH, Massagué J, Muenke M, Elledge SJ (June 2000). "Mutations in TGIF cause holoprosencephaly and link NODAL signalling to human neural axis determination". Nat Genet. 25 (2): 205–8. doi:10.1038/76074. PMID 10835638.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: TGIF1 TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1".
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Pessah M, Prunier C, Marais J, Ferrand N, Mazars A, Lallemand F, Gauthier JM, Atfi A (May 2001). "c-Jun interacts with the corepressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF) to suppress Smad2 transcriptional activity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (11): 6198–203. doi:10.1073/pnas.101579798. PMC 33445. PMID 11371641.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Melhuish TA, Wotton D (December 2000). "The interaction of the carboxyl terminus-binding protein with the Smad corepressor TGIF is disrupted by a holoprosencephaly mutation in TGIF". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (50): 39762–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000416200. PMID 10995736.
  6. ↑ Melhuish TA, Gallo CM, Wotton D (August 2001). "TGIF2 interacts with histone deacetylase 1 and represses transcription". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (34): 32109–14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103377200. PMID 11427533.
  7. ↑ Wotton D, Lo RS, Lee S, Massagué J (April 1999). "A Smad transcriptional corepressor". Cell. 97 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80712-6. PMID 10199400.

Further reading


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