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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Calpain small subunit 1''', also known as '''CAPN4''', is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CAPNS1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid3024120">{{cite journal | vauthors = Miyake S, Emori Y, Suzuki K | title = Gene organization of the small subunit of human calcium-activated neutral protease | journal = Nucleic Acids Res | volume = 14 | issue = 22 | pages = 8805–17 |date=Jan 1987 | pmid = 3024120 | pmc = 311912 | doi =10.1093/nar/14.22.8805 }}</ref><ref name="pmid3016651">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohno S, Emori Y, Suzuki K | title = Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA coding for the small subunit of human calcium-dependent protease | journal = Nucleic Acids Res | volume = 14 | issue = 13 | pages = 5559 |date=Sep 1986 | pmid = 3016651 | pmc = 311560 | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CAPNS1 calpain, small subunit 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=826| accessdate = }}</ref>
'''Calpain small subunit 1''', also known as '''CAPN4''', is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CAPNS1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid3024120">{{cite journal | vauthors = Miyake S, Emori Y, Suzuki K | title = Gene organization of the small subunit of human calcium-activated neutral protease | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 14 | issue = 22 | pages = 8805–17 | date = November 1986 | pmid = 3024120 | pmc = 311912 | doi = 10.1093/nar/14.22.8805 }}</ref><ref name="pmid3016651">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohno S, Emori Y, Suzuki K | title = Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA coding for the small subunit of human calcium-dependent protease | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 14 | issue = 13 | pages = 5559 | date = July 1986 | pmid = 3016651 | pmc = 311560 | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CAPNS1 calpain, small subunit 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=826| access-date = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{PBB_Summary
 
| section_title =
Calpains are a ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent, cysteine proteases. Calpain families have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes, as their activation can be triggered by calcium influx and oxidative stress. Calpain I and II are heterodimeric with distinct large subunits associated with common small subunits, all of which are encoded by different genes. The small regulatory subunit consists of an N-terminal domain, containing about 30% glycine residues and a C-terminal Ca-binding domain.<ref name="pmid9228946">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lin GD, Chattopadhyay D, Maki M, Wang KK, Carson M, Jin L, Yuen PW, Takano E, Hatanaka M, DeLucas LJ, Narayana SV | title = Crystal structure of calcium bound domain VI of calpain at 1.9 A resolution and its role in enzyme assembly, regulation, and inhibitor binding | journal = Nature Structural Biology | volume = 4 | issue = 7 | pages = 539–47 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9228946 | doi = }}</ref> Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene.<ref name="entrez" />
| summary_text = Calpains are a ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent, cysteine proteases. Calpain families have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes, as their activation can be triggered by calcium influx and oxidative stress. Calpain I and II are heterodimeric with distinct large subunits associated with common small subunits, all of which are encoded by different genes. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene.<ref name="entrez" />
}}


==Functions==
==Functions==
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Elevated expression of Capn4 has been found to be associated with progression of various cancers such as hepatocellular and [[renal carcinoma]].   
Elevated expression of Capn4 has been found to be associated with progression of various cancers such as hepatocellular and [[renal carcinoma]].   
<ref name=" pmid = 24514433 ">{{cite journal | author = Zhuang Q | title = Capn4 mRNA level is correlated with tumour progression and clinical outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. | journal = J Int Med Res. | volume = 42 | issue = |date=Apr 2014 | pmid = 24514433 | url = http://imr.sagepub.com/content/42/2/282.long  | pages = 282–91 | doi=10.1177/0300060513505524}}</ref>
<ref name=" pmid = 24514433 ">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhuang Q, Qian X, Cao Y, Fan M, Xu X, He X | title = Capn4 mRNA level is correlated with tumour progression and clinical outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma | journal = The Journal of International Medical Research | volume = 42 | issue = 2 | pages = 282–91 | date = April 2014 | pmid = 24514433 | doi = 10.1177/0300060513505524 }}</ref>


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* {{UCSC gene info|CAPNS1}}
* {{UCSC gene info|CAPNS1}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki K, Sorimachi H, Yoshizawa T, Kinbara K, Ishiura S | title = Calpain: novel family members, activation, and physiologic function | journal = Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler | volume = 376 | issue = 9 | pages = 523–9 | date = September 1995 | pmid = 8561910 | doi =  }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tidball JG, Spencer MJ | title = Calpains and muscular dystrophies | journal = The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology | volume = 32 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–5 | date = January 2000 | pmid = 10661889 | doi = 10.1016/S1357-2725(99)00095-3 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki K |title=Calpain: novel family members, activation, and physiologic function |journal=Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler |volume=376 |issue= 9 |pages= 523–9 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8561910 |doi= |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Sorimachi H  | author3=Yoshizawa T  | display-authors=3  | last4=Kinbara  | first4=K  | last5=Ishiura  | first5=S }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Huang Y, Wang KK | title = The calpain family and human disease | journal = Trends in Molecular Medicine | volume = 7 | issue = 8 | pages = 355–62 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11516996 | doi = 10.1016/S1471-4914(01)02049-4 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Tidball JG, Spencer MJ |title=Calpains and muscular dystrophies |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=32 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–5 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10661889 |doi=10.1016/S1357-2725(99)00095-3 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Reverter D, Sorimachi H, Bode W | title = The structure of calcium-free human m-calpain: implications for calcium activation and function | journal = Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine | volume = 11 | issue = 6 | pages = 222–9 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11673052 | doi = 10.1016/S1050-1738(01)00112-8 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Huang Y, Wang KK |title=The calpain family and human disease |journal=Trends in Molecular Medicine |volume=7 |issue= 8 |pages= 355–62 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11516996 |doi=10.1016/S1471-4914(01)02049-4 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Banik NL, DeVries GH, Neuberger T, Russell T, Chakrabarti AK, Hogan EL | title = Calcium-activated neutral proteinase (CANP; calpain) activity in Schwann cells: immunofluorescence localization and compartmentation of mu- and mCANP | journal = Journal of Neuroscience Research | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 346–54 | date = July 1991 | pmid = 1656060 | doi = 10.1002/jnr.490290310 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Reverter D, Sorimachi H, Bode W |title=The structure of calcium-free human m-calpain: implications for calcium activation and function |journal=Trends Cardiovasc. Med. |volume=11 |issue= 6 |pages= 222–9 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11673052 |doi=10.1016/S1050-1738(01)00112-8 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ohno S, Minoshima S, Kudoh J, Fukuyama R, Shimizu Y, Ohmi-Imajoh S, Shimizu N, Suzuki K | title = Four genes for the calpain family locate on four distinct human chromosomes | journal = Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics | volume = 53 | issue = 4 | pages = 225–9 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2209092 | doi = 10.1159/000132937 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Banik NL |title=Calcium-activated neutral proteinase (CANP; calpain) activity in Schwann cells: immunofluorescence localization and compartmentation of mu- and mCANP |journal=J. Neurosci. Res. |volume=29 |issue= 3 |pages= 346–54 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1656060 |doi= 10.1002/jnr.490290310 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=DeVries GH  | author3=Neuberger T  | display-authors=3  | last4=Russell  | first4=T.  | last5=Chakrabarti  | first5=A. K.  | last6=Hogan  | first6=E. L. }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA | title = A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction | journal = Analytical Biochemistry | volume = 236 | issue = 1 | pages = 107–13 | date = April 1996 | pmid = 8619474 | doi = 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ohno S |title=Four genes for the calpain family locate on four distinct human chromosomes |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=53 |issue= 4 |pages= 225–9 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2209092 |doi=10.1159/000132937 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Minoshima S  | author3=Kudoh J  | display-authors=3  | last4=Fukuyama  | first4=R.  | last5=Shimizu  | first5=Y.  | last6=Ohmi-Imajohs  | first6=S.  | last7=Shimizu  | first7=N.  | last8=Suzuki  | first8=K.  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang W, Lane RD, Mellgren RL | title = The major calpain isozymes are long-lived proteins. Design of an antisense strategy for calpain depletion in cultured cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 31 | pages = 18825–30 | date = August 1996 | pmid = 8702541 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.31.18825 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Andersson B |title=A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction |journal=Anal. Biochem. |volume=236 |issue= 1 |pages= 107–13 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8619474 |doi= 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wentland MA  | author3=Ricafrente JY  | display-authors=3  | last4=Liu  | first4=W  | last5=Gibbs  | first5=RA }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA | title = Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing | journal = Genome Research | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 353–8 | date = April 1997 | pmid = 9110174 | pmc = 139146 | doi = 10.1101/gr.7.4.353 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhang W, Lane RD, Mellgren RL |title=The major calpain isozymes are long-lived proteins. Design of an antisense strategy for calpain depletion in cultured cells |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 31 |pages= 18825–30 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8702541 |doi=10.1074/jbc.271.31.18825 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Noguchi M, Sarin A, Aman MJ, Nakajima H, Shores EW, Henkart PA, Leonard WJ | title = Functional cleavage of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gammac) by calpain | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 94 | issue = 21 | pages = 11534–9 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9326644 | pmc = 23528 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.21.11534 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yu W |title=Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 353–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9110174 |doi= 10.1101/gr.7.4.353| pmc=139146  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Andersson B  | author3=Worley KC  | display-authors=3  | last4=Muzny  | first4=DM  | last5=Ding  | first5=Y  | last6=Liu  | first6=W  | last7=Ricafrente  | first7=JY  | last8=Wentland  | first8=MA  | last9=Lennon  | first9=G  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Strobl S, Fernandez-Catalan C, Braun M, Huber R, Masumoto H, Nakagawa K, Irie A, Sorimachi H, Bourenkow G, Bartunik H, Suzuki K, Bode W | title = The crystal structure of calcium-free human m-calpain suggests an electrostatic switch mechanism for activation by calcium | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 97 | issue = 2 | pages = 588–92 | date = January 2000 | pmid = 10639123 | pmc = 15374 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.2.588 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Noguchi M |title=Functional cleavage of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gammac) by calpain |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=94 |issue= 21 |pages= 11534–9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9326644 |doi=10.1073/pnas.94.21.11534 | pmc=23528  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Sarin A  | author3=Aman MJ  | display-authors=3  | last4=Nakajima  | first4=H  | last5=Shores  | first5=EW  | last6=Henkart  | first6=PA  | last7=Leonard  | first7=WJ  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Masumoto H, Nakagawa K, Irie S, Sorimachi H, Suzuki K, Bourenkov GP, Bartunik H, Fernandez-Catalan C, Bode W, Strobl S | title = Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of recombinant full-length human m-calpain | journal = Acta Crystallographica Section D | volume = 56 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 73–5 | date = January 2000 | pmid = 10666632 | doi = 10.1107/S0907444999013748 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strobl S |title=The crystal structure of calcium-free human m-calpain suggests an electrostatic switch mechanism for activation by calcium |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 2 |pages= 588–92 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10639123 |doi=10.1073/pnas.97.2.588 | pmc=15374  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Fernandez-Catalan C  | author3=Braun M  | display-authors=3  | last4=Huber  | first4=R  | last5=Masumoto  | first5=H  | last6=Nakagawa  | first6=K  | last7=Irie  | first7=A  | last8=Sorimachi  | first8=H  | last9=Bourenkow  | first9=G  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, Briones MR, Nagai MA, da Silva W, Zago MA, Bordin S, Costa FF, Goldman GH, Carvalho AF, Matsukuma A, Baia GS, Simpson DH, Brunstein A, de Oliveira PS, Bucher P, Jongeneel CV, O'Hare MJ, Soares F, Brentani RR, Reis LF, de Souza SJ, Simpson AJ | title = Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 97 | issue = 7 | pages = 3491–6 | date = March 2000 | pmid = 10737800 | pmc = 16267 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Masumoto H |title=Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of recombinant full-length human m-calpain |journal=Acta Crystallogr. D |volume=56 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 73–5 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10666632 |doi=10.1107/S0907444999013748 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Nakagawa K  | author3=Irie S  | display-authors=3  | last4=Sorimachi  | first4=Hiroyuki  | last5=Suzuki  | first5=Koichi  | last6=Bourenkov  | first6=Gleb P.  | last7=Bartunik  | first7=Hans  | last8=Fernandez-Catalan  | first8=Carlos  | last9=Bode  | first9=Wolfram  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Reverter D, Strobl S, Fernandez-Catalan C, Sorimachi H, Suzuki K, Bode W | title = Structural basis for possible calcium-induced activation mechanisms of calpains | journal = Biological Chemistry | volume = 382 | issue = 5 | pages = 753–66 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11517928 | doi = 10.1515/BC.2001.091 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dias Neto E |title=Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 7 |pages= 3491–6 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10737800 |doi=10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491 | pmc=16267  |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Correa RG  | author3=Verjovski-Almeida S  | display-authors=3  | last4=Briones  | first4=MR  | last5=Nagai  | first5=MA  | last6=Da Silva Jr  | first6=W  | last7=Zago  | first7=MA  | last8=Bordin  | first8=S  | last9=Costa  | first9=FF  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Reverter D |title=Structural basis for possible calcium-induced activation mechanisms of calpains |journal=Biol. Chem. |volume=382 |issue= 5 |pages= 753–66 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11517928 |doi=10.1515/BC.2001.091 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Strobl S  | author3=Fernandez-Catalan C  | display-authors=3  | last4=Sorimachi  | first4=H.  | last5=Suzuki  | first5=K.  | last6=Bode  | first6=W.  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=826}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=826}}


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{{Cysteine proteases}}
{{Cysteine proteases}}


Latest revision as of 03:55, 4 December 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Calpain small subunit 1, also known as CAPN4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPNS1 gene.[1][2][3]

Function

Calpains are a ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent, cysteine proteases. Calpain families have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes, as their activation can be triggered by calcium influx and oxidative stress. Calpain I and II are heterodimeric with distinct large subunits associated with common small subunits, all of which are encoded by different genes. The small regulatory subunit consists of an N-terminal domain, containing about 30% glycine residues and a C-terminal Ca-binding domain.[4] Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene.[3]

Functions

Myotonic dystrophy

This gene encodes a small subunit common to both calpain I and II and is associated with myotonic dystrophy.[3]

Biomarker

Elevated expression of Capn4 has been found to be associated with progression of various cancers such as hepatocellular and renal carcinoma. [5]

References

  1. ↑ Miyake S, Emori Y, Suzuki K (November 1986). "Gene organization of the small subunit of human calcium-activated neutral protease". Nucleic Acids Research. 14 (22): 8805–17. doi:10.1093/nar/14.22.8805. PMC 311912. PMID 3024120.
  2. ↑ Ohno S, Emori Y, Suzuki K (July 1986). "Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA coding for the small subunit of human calcium-dependent protease". Nucleic Acids Research. 14 (13): 5559. PMC 311560. PMID 3016651.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Entrez Gene: CAPNS1 calpain, small subunit 1".
  4. ↑ Lin GD, Chattopadhyay D, Maki M, Wang KK, Carson M, Jin L, Yuen PW, Takano E, Hatanaka M, DeLucas LJ, Narayana SV (July 1997). "Crystal structure of calcium bound domain VI of calpain at 1.9 A resolution and its role in enzyme assembly, regulation, and inhibitor binding". Nature Structural Biology. 4 (7): 539–47. PMID 9228946.
  5. ↑ Zhuang Q, Qian X, Cao Y, Fan M, Xu X, He X (April 2014). "Capn4 mRNA level is correlated with tumour progression and clinical outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma". The Journal of International Medical Research. 42 (2): 282–91. doi:10.1177/0300060513505524. PMID 24514433.

External links

Further reading


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