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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Neuroblastoma}}
{{Neuroblastoma}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{HL}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{ZAS}}{{HL}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
On CT scan, neuroblastoma is characterized by a heterogeneous, calcified, and [[necrotic]] mass, that may encase the surrounding [[vessel]]s or invade the surrounding tissues.<ref name="radio">Neuroblastoma. Radiopaedia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 8 2015</ref>
[[Computed tomography|CT scan]] of the [[neck]], [[chest]] and [[abdomen]] is the gold standard test in neuroblastoma as it can localize the [[tumor]] and determine degree of involvement as well. [[Computed tomography|CT scan]] in neuroblastoma can show the presence of; [[heterogeneous]] [[mass]], [[calcification]], [[necrosis]], compression of surrounding [[vessels]], [[invasion]] of [[psoas]] [[muscle]] & [[Kidney|kidneys]] and [[Edema|swollen]] [[Lymph node|lymph nodes]].


==CT scan==
==CT scan==
* On CT scan, neuroblastoma is characterized by:<ref name="radio">Neuroblastoma. Radiopaedia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 8 2015</ref>
* [[CT scan]] of the [[neck]], [[chest]] and [[abdomen]] is the gold standard test for neuroblastoma.<ref name="pmid21736987">{{cite journal| author=Colon NC, Chung DH| title=Neuroblastoma. | journal=Adv Pediatr | year= 2011 | volume= 58 | issue= 1 | pages= 297-311 | pmid=21736987 | doi=10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.011 | pmc=PMC3668791 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21736987  }} </ref><ref>{{Cite journal
:* Heterogeneous mass
| author = [[Nadja C. Colon]] & [[Dai H. Chung]]
| title = Neuroblastoma
| journal = [[Advances in pediatrics]]
| volume = 58
| issue = 1
| pages = 297–311
| year = 2011
| month =
| doi = 10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.011
| pmid = 21736987
}}</ref>
* [[CT scan]] can localize the [[tumor]] and determine degree of involvement simultaneously.
*CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Findings on CT scan suggestive of neuroblastoma include: :<ref name="radio">Neuroblastoma. Radiopaedia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 8 2015</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Georgia Papaioannou]] & [[Kieran McHugh]]
| title = Neuroblastoma in childhood: review and radiological findings
| journal = [[Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society]]
| volume = 5
| pages = 116–127
| year = 2005
| month = September
| doi = 10.1102/1470-7330.2005.0104
| pmid = 16305949
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Maureen Dumba]], [[Noorulhuda Jawad]] & [[Kieran McHugh]]
| title = Neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma: a radiological review
| journal = [[Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society]]
| volume = 15
| pages = 5
| year = 2015
| month = April
| doi = 10.1186/s40644-015-0040-6
| pmid = 25889326
}}</ref>
:* [[Heterogeneous]] [[mass]]
:* [[Calcification]]
:* [[Calcification]]
:* [[Necrosis]]
:* [[Necrosis]]
:* Compression of the surrounding vessels
:* Compression of the surrounding [[vessels]]
:* Invasion of the [[psoas]] [[muscle]] or [[kidney]]s
:* [[Invasion]] of the [[psoas]] [[muscle]] or [[kidney]]s
:* Swollen [[lymph node]]s
:* [[Swollen]] [[lymph node]]s


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
Line 20: Line 53:


Image:
Image:
CT scan neuroblastoma.jpg|Neuroblastoma observed on transverse abdominal CT scan <ref name="radio">Image courtesy of Dr Hani Al Salam [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia](original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/neuroblastoma-6 "here"]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]</ref>
CT scan neuroblastoma.jpg|Neuroblastoma observed on transverse [[abdominal]] CT scan <ref name="radio">Image courtesy of Dr Hani Al Salam [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia](original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/neuroblastoma-6 "here"]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]</ref>


Image:
Image:
CT thorax neuroblastoma.jpg|Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypoattenuation on transverse thoracic CT scan<ref name="radio">Image courtesy of Dr. Gagandeep Singh [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia](original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/thoracic-neuroblastoma-1 "here"]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]</ref>   
CT thorax neuroblastoma.jpg|Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypo-attenuation on transverse [[thoracic]] CT scan<ref name="radio">Image courtesy of Dr. Gagandeep Singh [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia](original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/thoracic-neuroblastoma-1 "here"]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]</ref>   


Image:
Image:
CT scan neuroblastoma thorax.jpeg|Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypoattenuation on thoracic CT scan<ref name="radio">Image courtesy of Dr David Cuete [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia](original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/thoracic-neuroblastoma-2 "here"]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]</ref>
CT scan neuroblastoma thorax.jpeg|Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypo-attenuation on coronal thoracic CT scan<ref name="radio">Image courtesy of Dr David Cuete [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia](original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/thoracic-neuroblastoma-2 "here"]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]</ref>  


Image:
CT scan neuroblastoma coronal CT.jpg|Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypoattenuation on coronal thoracic CT scan<ref name="radio">Image courtesy of Dr Gagandeep Singh [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia](original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/thoracic-neuroblastoma-1 "here"]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]</ref>


Image:
Image:
Neuroblastoma 101.jpg|
CT scan neuroblastoma saggital.jpg|Neuroblastoma observed as a right suprarenal mass with an abundant calcification on sagittal CT scan<ref name="radio">Image courtesy of Dr Ahmed Abd Rabou [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia](original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/neuroblastoma-12 "here"]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]</ref>


Image:
Image:
 
CT scan brain neurblastoma metastesis.jpg|Neuroblastoma observed on head CT scan as lytic deposit noted in the right fronto-parietal skull due to metastatic spread<ref name="radio">
Neuroblastoma 102.jpg
Image courtesy of Dr Ahmed Abd Rabou [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia](original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/neuroblastoma-with-cns-metastases "here"]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]/ref>


Image:
Image:
 
CT scan Neuroblastoma brain mets.jpg|Neuroblastoma observed on CT scan associated with multiple osseous lytic metastases involving the calvaria, skull base, orbit, and mandible with epidural and extra cranial extension<ref name="radio">Image courtesy of Dr Ahmed Abd Rabou [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia](original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/neuroblastoma-with-cns-metastases "here"]). [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]</ref>
Neuroblastoma 103.jpg
 
</gallery>
</gallery>


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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurosurgery]]

Latest revision as of 15:35, 7 March 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zahir Ali Shaikh, MD[2]Haytham Allaham, M.D. [3]

Overview

CT scan of the neck, chest and abdomen is the gold standard test in neuroblastoma as it can localize the tumor and determine degree of involvement as well. CT scan in neuroblastoma can show the presence of; heterogeneous mass, calcification, necrosis, compression of surrounding vessels, invasion of psoas muscle & kidneys and swollen lymph nodes.

CT scan

  • CT scan of the neck, chest and abdomen is the gold standard test for neuroblastoma.[1][2]
  • CT scan can localize the tumor and determine degree of involvement simultaneously.
  • CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Findings on CT scan suggestive of neuroblastoma include: :[3][4][5]

Gallery

  • Neuroblastoma observed on transverse abdominal CT scan [3]
    Neuroblastoma observed on transverse abdominal CT scan [3]
  • Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypo-attenuation on transverse thoracic CT scan[3]
    Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypo-attenuation on transverse thoracic CT scan[3]
  • Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypo-attenuation on coronal thoracic CT scan[3]
    Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypo-attenuation on coronal thoracic CT scan[3]
  • Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypoattenuation on coronal thoracic CT scan[3]
    Neuroblastoma observed as a large right enhancing mass with central hypoattenuation on coronal thoracic CT scan[3]
  • Neuroblastoma observed as a right suprarenal mass with an abundant calcification on sagittal CT scan[3]
    Neuroblastoma observed as a right suprarenal mass with an abundant calcification on sagittal CT scan[3]
  • Neuroblastoma observed on head CT scan as lytic deposit noted in the right fronto-parietal skull due to metastatic spread<ref name="radio">
    Neuroblastoma observed on head CT scan as lytic deposit noted in the right fronto-parietal skull due to metastatic spread<ref name="radio">
  • Neuroblastoma observed on CT scan associated with multiple osseous lytic metastases involving the calvaria, skull base, orbit, and mandible with epidural and extra cranial extension[3]
    Neuroblastoma observed on CT scan associated with multiple osseous lytic metastases involving the calvaria, skull base, orbit, and mandible with epidural and extra cranial extension[3]

References

  1. ↑ Colon NC, Chung DH (2011). "Neuroblastoma". Adv Pediatr. 58 (1): 297–311. doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.011. PMC 3668791. PMID 21736987.
  2. ↑ Nadja C. Colon & Dai H. Chung (2011). "Neuroblastoma". Advances in pediatrics. 58 (1): 297–311. doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.011. PMID 21736987.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Neuroblastoma. Radiopaedia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/neuroblastoma Accessed on October, 8 2015
  4. ↑ Georgia Papaioannou & Kieran McHugh (2005). "Neuroblastoma in childhood: review and radiological findings". Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society. 5: 116–127. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2005.0104. PMID 16305949. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Maureen Dumba, Noorulhuda Jawad & Kieran McHugh (2015). "Neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma: a radiological review". Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society. 15: 5. doi:10.1186/s40644-015-0040-6. PMID 25889326. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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