Rhabdomyosarcoma staging: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 15:36, 8 March 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]

Overview

There are two staging classification for rhabdomyosarcoma including Children group (CG) and tumor, node, and metastasis system (TNM). Each of them has four stages of rhabdomyosarcoma based on the location of tumor, size of tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, and metastasis. Also, risk stratification system is used for classification of patients into low, intermediate, and high risk groups.

Staging of rhabdomyosarcoma

There are two staging classification for rhabdomyosarcoma:^[1]
- Clinical group (CG)
  - Created by intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study group (IRSG) in 1972.
  - Based on spread of tumor cells at diagnosis and remaining disease after surgery.
  - Categorized in four groups.
- Tumor, node, and metastasis system (TNM)
  - Based on tumor size, node involvement, and metastases.
  - Categorized in four groups.

Clinical group staging^[2]
Group	Description
I	Contain 13% of all cases Localized region Complete resection No nodal involvement
II	Contain 20% of all cases IIA group: Complete resection with microscopic residual disease/ no nodal involvement IIB group: Complete resection with no microscopic residual diseases/ regional nodal involvement IIC group: Complete resection with microscopic residual disease/ regional nodal involvement
III	Contain 48% of all cases Incomplete resection or biopsy Gross residual disease
IV	Contain 18% of all cases Distant metastases at time of diagnosis

TNM system^[3]^[4]
Stage	Description
1	Involvement of orbit, head and neck (except parameningeal), genitourinary (non-bladder, non-prostate), and biliary tract. Tumor stage invasion: T1 ( Confined to anatomic site of origin) or T2 ( include extension). Tumor size: a ( ≤5 cm in diameter) or b ( >5 cm in diameter). Regional nodes: It varies from N0 ( not clinically involve), N1 (clinically involved) to Nx (clinical status unknown). Metastases: M0 (no metastases).
2	Involvement of Bladder, prostate, extremities, cranial parameningeal, and other sites ( trunk, retroperitoneum, etc, excluding biliary tract). Tumor stage invasion: T1 ( Confined to anatomic site of origin) or T2 ( include extension). Tumor size: a ( ≤5 cm in diameter). Regional nodes: N0 (not clinically involve) N1 (clinically involved). Metastases: M0 (no metastases).
3	Involvement of bladder, prostate, extremities, cranial parameningeal, and other sites ( trunk, retroperitoneum, etc, excluding biliary tract). Tumor stage invasion: T1 ( Confined to anatomic site of origin) or T2 ( include extension). Tumor size: a ( ≤5 cm in diameter) or b ( >5 cm in diameter). Regional nodes: When tumor size is a, regional node category would be N1 ( clinically involve); however, if the tumor size is b, regional node category varies from N0 ( not clinically involve), N1 (clinically involved) to Nx (clinical status unknown). Metastases: M0 (no metastases).
4	Involvement could be all sites. Tumor stage: T1 ( Confined to anatomic site of origin) or T2 ( include extension). Tumor size: a ( ≤5 cm in diameter) or b ( >5 cm in diameter). Regional nodes: N0 (not clinically involve) N1 (clinically involved). Metastases: Present distant metastases.

Risk classification^[5]
Risk type	Description
Low	Patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at a favorable sites ( stage 1). Patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at an unfavorable sites with complete resection ( group I). Patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at an unfavorable site with microscopic residual disease (group II).
Intermediate	Patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at an unfavorable site with gross residual disease (group III). Patients with metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and age < 10 years. Patients with nonmetastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
High	Patient with metastatic disease (excluding patients with metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and age < 10 years).

References

↑ Crist WM, Garnsey L, Beltangady MS, Gehan E, Ruymann F, Webber B; et al. (1990). "Prognosis in children with rhabdomyosarcoma: a report of the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma studies I and II. Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Committee". J Clin Oncol. 8 (3): 443–52. doi:10.1200/JCO.1990.8.3.443. PMID 2407808.
↑ Crist W, Gehan EA, Ragab AH, Dickman PS, Donaldson SS, Fryer C; et al. (1995). "The Third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study". J Clin Oncol. 13 (3): 610–30. doi:10.1200/JCO.1995.13.3.610. PMID 7884423.
↑ Crist WM, Anderson JR, Meza JL, Fryer C, Raney RB, Ruymann FB; et al. (2001). "Intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study-IV: results for patients with nonmetastatic disease". J Clin Oncol. 19 (12): 3091–102. doi:10.1200/JCO.2001.19.12.3091. PMID 11408506.
↑ Dasgupta R, Fuchs J, Rodeberg D (2016). "Rhabdomyosarcoma". Semin Pediatr Surg. 25 (5): 276–283. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2016.09.011. PMID 27955730.
↑ Raney RB, Anderson JR, Barr FG, Donaldson SS, Pappo AS, Qualman SJ; et al. (2001). "Rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma in the first two decades of life: a selective review of intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study group experience and rationale for Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study V." J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 23 (4): 215–20. PMID 11846299.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid2407808-1] Crist WM, Garnsey L, Beltangady MS, Gehan E, Ruymann F, Webber B; et al. (1990). "Prognosis in children with rhabdomyosarcoma: a report of the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma studies I and II. Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Committee". J Clin Oncol. 8 (3): 443–52. doi:10.1200/JCO.1990.8.3.443. PMID 2407808.

[pmid7884423-2] Crist W, Gehan EA, Ragab AH, Dickman PS, Donaldson SS, Fryer C; et al. (1995). "The Third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study". J Clin Oncol. 13 (3): 610–30. doi:10.1200/JCO.1995.13.3.610. PMID 7884423.

[pmid11408506-3] Crist WM, Anderson JR, Meza JL, Fryer C, Raney RB, Ruymann FB; et al. (2001). "Intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study-IV: results for patients with nonmetastatic disease". J Clin Oncol. 19 (12): 3091–102. doi:10.1200/JCO.2001.19.12.3091. PMID 11408506.

[pmid27955730-4] Dasgupta R, Fuchs J, Rodeberg D (2016). "Rhabdomyosarcoma". Semin Pediatr Surg. 25 (5): 276–283. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2016.09.011. PMID 27955730.

[pmid11846299-5] Raney RB, Anderson JR, Barr FG, Donaldson SS, Pappo AS, Qualman SJ; et al. (2001). "Rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma in the first two decades of life: a selective review of intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study group experience and rationale for Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study V." J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 23 (4): 215–20. PMID 11846299.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{CMG}};{{AE}} {{S.M}}
 ==Overview==
-According to the Children's Oncology Group, there are four stages of rhabdomyosarcoma based on the location of tumor, size of tumor, involvement of [[lymph nodes]], and [[metastasis]].
+There are two [[Cancer staging|staging]] [[classification]] for [[rhabdomyosarcoma]] including Children group (CG) and [[tumor]], [[Node (physics)|node]], and [[metastasis]] system (TNM). Each of them has four stages of [[rhabdomyosarcoma]] based on the location of [[tumor]], size of [[tumor]], involvement of [[lymph nodes]], and [[metastasis]]. Also, [[Risk Stratification Tools|risk]] [[stratification]] [[system]] is used for [[classification]] of [[patients]] into low, intermediate, and high risk groups.
 ==Staging of rhabdomyosarcoma==
-* There are two staging classification for rhabdomyosarcoma:<ref name="pmid2407808">{{cite journal| author=Crist WM, Garnsey L, Beltangady MS, Gehan E, Ruymann F, Webber B et al.| title=Prognosis in children with rhabdomyosarcoma: a report of the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma studies I and II. Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Committee. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1990 | volume= 8 | issue= 3 | pages= 443-52 | pmid=2407808 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1990.8.3.443 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2407808  }} </ref>
+* There are two [[Cancer staging|staging]] [[classification]] for [[rhabdomyosarcoma]]:<ref name="pmid2407808">{{cite journal| author=Crist WM, Garnsey L, Beltangady MS, Gehan E, Ruymann F, Webber B et al.| title=Prognosis in children with rhabdomyosarcoma: a report of the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma studies I and II. Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Committee. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1990 | volume= 8 | issue= 3 | pages= 443-52 | pmid=2407808 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1990.8.3.443 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2407808  }} </ref>
 ** Clinical group (CG)
 *** Created by intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study group (IRSG) in 1972.
-*** Based on spread of tumor cells at diagnosis and remaining disease after surgery.
+*** Based on spread of [[tumor]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]] at [[diagnosis]] and remaining [[disease]] after [[surgery]].
 *** Categorized in four groups.
-** Tumor, node, metastasis system (TNM)
+** [[Tumor]], node, and [[metastasis]] [[system]] (TNM)
-*** Based on tumor size, node involvement, and metastases.
+*** Based on [[tumor]] size, node involvement, and [[metastases]].
 ***Categorized in four groups.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 * Contain 13% of all cases
 * Localized region
-* Complete resection
+* Complete [[resection]]
 * No nodal involvement
 |-
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 | style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * Contain 20% of all cases
-* IIA group: Complete resection with microscopic residual disease/ no nodal involvement
+* IIA group: Complete [[resection]] with [[microscopic]] [[residual]] [[disease]]/ no nodal involvement
-* IIB group: Complete resection with no microscopic residual diseases/ regional nodal involvement
+* IIB group: Complete [[resection]] with no [[microscopic]] [[residual]] [[Disease|diseases]]/ regional nodal involvement
-* IIC group: Complete resection with microscopic residual disease/ regional nodal involvement
+* IIC group: Complete [[resection]] with [[microscopic]] [[residual]] [[disease]]/ regional nodal involvement
 |-
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |III
 | style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * Contain 48% of all cases
-* Incomplete resection or biopsy
+* Incomplete [[resection]] or [[biopsy]]
-* Gross residual disease
+* [[Gross]] [[residual]] [[disease]]
 |-
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |IV
 | style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * Contain 18% of all cases
-* Distant metastases at time of diagnosis
+* Distant [[metastases]] at time of [[diagnosis]]
 |}
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |1
 | style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Involvement of orbit, head and neck (except parameningeal), genitourinory (non-bladder, non-prostate), and biliary tract.
+* Involvement of [[orbit]], [[head]] and [[neck]] (except parameningeal), [[genitourinary]] (non-[[bladder]], non-[[prostate]]), and [[biliary tract]].
-* Tumor stage invasion: T1 ( Confined to anatomic site of origin) or T2 ( include extension).
+* [[Tumor]] stage [[invasion]]: T1 ( Confined to [[anatomic]] site of origin) or T2 ( include [[extension]]).
-* Tumor size: a ( ≤5 cm in diameter) or b ( >5 cm in diameter).
+* [[Tumor]] size: a ( ≤5 cm in [[diameter]]) or b ( >5 cm in [[diameter]]).
 * Regional nodes: It varies from N0 ( not clinically involve), N1 (clinically involved) to Nx (clinical status unknown).
-* Metastases: M0 (no metastases).
+* [[Metastases]]: M0 (no [[metastases]]).
 |-
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |2
 | style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Involvement of Bladder, prostate, extremity, cranial parameningeal, and other sites ( trunk, retroperitoneum, etc, excluding biliary tract).
+* Involvement of [[Bladder]], [[prostate]], [[extremities]], [[cranial]] parameningeal, and other sites ( [[trunk]], [[retroperitoneum]], etc, excluding [[biliary tract]]).
-* Tumor stage invasion: T1 ( Confined to anatomic site of origin) or T2 ( include extension).
+* [[Tumor]] stage [[invasion]]: T1 ( Confined to [[anatomic]] site of [[origin]]) or T2 ( include [[extension]]).
-* Tumor size: a ( ≤5 cm in diameter).
+* [[Tumor]] size: a ( ≤5 cm in [[diameter]]).
 * Regional nodes: N0  (not clinically involve) N1 (clinically involved).
-* Metastases: M0 (no metastases).
+* [[Metastases]]: M0 (no [[metastases]]).
 |-
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |3
 | style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Involvement of Bladder, prostate, extremity, cranial parameningeal, and other sites ( trunk, retroperitoneum, etc, excluding biliary tract).
+* Involvement of [[bladder]], [[prostate]], [[extremities]], [[cranial]] parameningeal, and other sites ( [[trunk]], [[retroperitoneum]], etc, excluding [[biliary tract]]).
-* Tumor stage invasion: T1 ( Confined to anatomic site of origin) or T2 ( include extension).
+* Tumor stage [[invasion]]: T1 ( Confined to [[anatomic]] site of origin) or T2 ( include [[extension]]).
-* Tumor size: a ( ≤5 cm in diameter) or b ( >5 cm in diameter).
+* [[Tumor]] size: a ( ≤5 cm in [[diameter]]) or b ( >5 cm in [[diameter]]).
-* Regional nodes: When tumor size is a, regional node category would be N1 ( clinically involve); however, if the tumor size is b, regional node category  varies from N0 ( not clinically involve), N1 (clinically involved) to Nx (clinical status unknown).
+* Regional nodes: When [[tumor]] size is a, regional node category would be N1 ( clinically involve); however, if the [[tumor]] size is b, regional node category  varies from N0 ( not clinically involve), N1 (clinically involved) to Nx (clinical status unknown).
-* Metastases: M0 (no metastases).
+* [[Metastases]]: M0 (no [[metastases]]).
 |-
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |4
 | style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * Involvement could be all sites.
-* Tumor stage: T1 ( Confined to anatomic site of origin) or T2 ( include extension).
+* [[Tumor]] stage: T1 ( Confined to [[anatomic]] site of [[origin]]) or T2 ( include [[extension]]).
-* Tumor size: a ( ≤5 cm in diameter) or b ( >5 cm in diameter).
+* [[Tumor]] size: a ( ≤5 cm in [[diameter]]) or b ( >5 cm in [[diameter]]).
 * Regional nodes: N0  (not clinically involve) N1 (clinically involved).
-* Metastases: Present distant metastases.
+* [[Metastases]]: Present distant [[metastases]].
 |}
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Low
 | style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at a favorable sites ( stage 1).
+* [[Patients]] with [[embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]] at a favorable sites ( stage 1).
-* Patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at  an unfavorable sites with complete resection ( group I).
+* [[Patients]] with [[embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]] at  an unfavorable sites with complete [[resection]] ( group I).
-* Patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at an unfavorable site with microscopic residual disease (group II).
+* [[Patients]] with [[embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]] at an unfavorable site with [[microscopic]] [[residual]] [[disease]] (group II).
 |-
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Intermediate
 | style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at an unfavorable site with gross residual disease (group III).
+* [[Patients]] with [[embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]] at an unfavorable site with [[gross]] [[residual]] [[disease]] (group III).
-* Patients with metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and age < 10 years.
+* [[Patients]] with [[metastatic]] [[embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]] and [[age]] < 10 years.
-* Patients with nonmetastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
+* [[Patients]] with nonmetastatic [[alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma]].
 |-
 | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |High
 | style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Patient with metastatic disease (excluding patients with metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and age < 10 years).
+* [[Patient]] with [[metastatic]] [[disease]] (excluding [[patients]] with [[metastatic]] [[embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]] and [[age]] < 10 years).
 |}

Rhabdomyosarcoma staging: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:36, 8 March 2019

Overview

Staging of rhabdomyosarcoma

References

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