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==Overview==
==Overview==
Primary lung cancers may be classified into [[small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) and [[non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%).  [[Non small cell lung cancer]] are a heterogenous group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. [[prognosis]] and management). The 2004 WHO histological classification of [[tumors]] of the [[lung]] categorized [[lung]] [[tumors]] into [[malignant]] [[epithelial]] [[tumors]], [[benign]] [[epithelial]] [[tumors]], [[Lymphoproliferative disorders|lymphoproliferative tumors]], miscellaneous [[tumors]], and [[metastatic]] [[tumors]].
Primary lung cancers may be [[Classification|classified]] into [[small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) and [[non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%).  [[Non small cell lung cancer]] are a [[heterogeneous]] group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. [[prognosis]] and management). The 2015 [[World Health Organization|WHO]] [[Histology|histological]] [[classification]] of [[tumors]] of the [[lung]] categorized [[lung]] [[tumors]] into [[malignant]] [[epithelial]] [[tumors]], [[benign]] [[epithelial]] [[tumors]], [[Lymphoproliferative disorders|lymphoproliferative tumors]], miscellaneous [[tumors]], and [[metastatic]] [[tumors]].


==Classification==
==Classification==
Primary lung cancers may be classified into two main categories:<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref>  
Primary lung cancers may be [[Classification|classified]] into two main categories:<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref>  
*[[Small cell lung cancer]] (~15%)   
*[[Small cell lung cancer]] (~15%)   
*[[Non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%).
*[[Non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%).
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==WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung ==
==WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung ==
The [[World Health Organization]] ([[World Health Organization|WHO]]) classifies [[tumors]] of the [[lungs]] as follows:<ref name="urlwww.jto.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(15)33571-1/pdf |title=www.jto.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref>
The [[World Health Organization]] ([[World Health Organization|WHO]]) [[Classification|classifies]] [[tumors]] of the [[lungs]] as follows:<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref><ref name="urlwww.jto.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(15)33571-1/pdf |title=www.jto.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
===Epithelial tumors===
 
* '''[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|Adenocarcinoma]]'''
{| class="wikitable"
** Lepidic adenocarcinoma
|+
** Acinar adenocarcinoma  
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" ! | WHO Classification of Lung Tumors
** Papillary adenocarcinoma
|-
** Micropapillary adenocarcinoma
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histological type
** Solid adenocarcinoma
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Subtype
** Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
|-
*** Mixed invasive mucinous
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Epithelial tumors
*** Nonmucinous adenocarcinoma  
|-
** Colloid adenocarcinoma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|'''Adenocarcinoma''']]
** Fetal adenocarcinoma
|
** Enteric adenocarcinoma
*[[Lepidic adenocarcinoma of the lung|Lepidic adenocarcinoma]]
** Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
*[[Acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung|Acinar adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung|Papillary adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Micropapillary adenocarcinoma of the lung|Micropapillary adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Solid adenocarcinoma of the lung|Solid adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung|Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma]]
** Mixed invasive mucinous
** Nonmucinous adenocarcinoma  
*[[Colloid adenocarcinoma of the lung|Colloid adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung|Fetal adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Enteric adenocarcinoma of the lung|Enteric adenocarcinoma]]
*[[Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung|Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma]]
** Nonmucinous
** Nonmucinous
** Mucinous
* Pre-[[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[Lesion|lesions]]
**[[Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung|Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia]]
**[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|Adenocarcinoma]] in situ
*** Nonmucinous
*** Mucinous
*** Mucinous
** Preinvasive lesions
|-
*** Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]]'''
*** Adenocarcinoma in situ
|
**** Nonmucinous
* Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
**** Mucinous
* Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
 
* Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
* '''[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]]'''
* Pre-[[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[lesion]]
** Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
** Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
** Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
|-
** Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Neuroendocrine tumors'''
** Preinvasive lesion  
|-
*** Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung|Small cell carcinoma]]'''
 
|
=== Neuroendocrine tumors ===
* Combined [[Small cell carcinoma of lung|small cell carcinoma]]
* '''[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung|Small cell carcinoma]]'''
|-
** Combined small cell carcinoma  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung|Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma]]'''
* '''Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma'''
|
** Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
* Combined [[Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung|large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma]]
* '''[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid tumors]]'''  
|-
** Typical carcinoid tumor
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid tumors]]'''
** Atypical carcinoid tumor
|
* '''Preinvasive lesion'''
*[[Carcinoid tumor|Typical carcinoid tumor]]
** Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
*[[Carcinoid tumor|Atypical carcinoid tumor]]
* '''[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]'''
|-
* '''Adenosquamous carcinoma'''
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Pre-[[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[lesion]]'''
* '''[[Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung|Sarcomatoid carcinomas]]'''  
|
** Pleomorphic carcinoma
*[[Diffuse]] [[idiopathic]] [[Lung|pulmonary]] [[neuroendocrine cell]] [[hyperplasia]]
** Spindle cell carcinoma  
|-
** Giant cell carcinoma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]'''
** Carcinosarcoma
|
** Pulmonary blastoma
* N/A
* '''Other and Unclassified carcinomas'''  
|-
** Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Adenosquamous carcinoma]]'''
** NUT carcinoma
|
* '''Salivary gland-type tumors'''  
* N/A
** Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
|-
** Adenoid cystic carcinoma  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung|Sarcomatoid carcinomas]]'''
** Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
|
** Pleomorphic adenoma
*[[Pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung|Pleomorphic carcinoma]]
 
*[[Spindle cell carcinoma of the lung|Spindle cell carcinoma]]
* '''Papillomas'''  
*[[Giant cell carcinoma of the lung|Giant cell carcinoma]]
** Squamous cell papilloma
*[[Carcinosarcoma of the lung|Carcinosarcoma]]
*** Exophytic  
*[[Pulmonary blastoma of the lung|Pulmonary blastoma]]
*** Inverted
|-
** Glandular papilloma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other and [[Classification|Unclassified]] [[Carcinoma|carcinomas]]'''
** Mixed squamous and glandular papilloma
|
* '''Adenomas'''  
*[[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung|Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]]
** Sclerosing pneumocytoma
* NUT carcinoma
** Alveolar adenoma
|-
** Papillary adenoma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Salivary gland]]-type [[Tumor|tumors]]'''
** Mucinous cystadenoma
|
** Mucous gland adenoma
*[[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]]
 
* Adenoid cystic carcinoma
=== Mesenchymal tumors ===
*[[Epithelium|Epithelial]]-[[myoepithelial]] [[carcinoma]]
* [[Hamartoma|Pulmonary hamartoma]]
*[[Pleomorphic adenoma]]
* Chondroma
|-
* PEComatous tumors
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Papilloma|Papillomas]]'''
** [[Lymphangiomyomatosis|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]
|
** [[PEComa]], benigne
*[[Squamous cell papilloma]]
*** Clear cell tumor
** Exophytic
** PEComa, malignant
** Inverted
* Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
*[[Gland|Glandular]] [[papilloma]]
* Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis  
* Mixed [[squamous]] and [[Gland|glandular]] [[papilloma]]
* Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
|-
* [[Vascular tumor|Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma]]
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Adenoma|Adenomas]]'''
* [[Pleuropulmonary blastoma]]
|
* Synovial sarcoma
* Sclerosing pneumocytoma
* Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma
*[[Alveolar]] [[adenoma]]
* Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 translocation
*[[Papilla|Papillary]] [[adenoma]]
* Myoepithelial tumors
*[[Mucinous cystadenoma]]
** Myoepithelioma
*[[Mucous gland]] [[adenoma]]
** Myoepithelial carcinoma
|-
 
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Mesenchymal tumors'''
=== Lymphohistiocytic tumors ===
|-
* Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hamartoma|'''Pulmonary hamartoma''']]
* Diffuse large cell lymphoma
|
* [[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis]]
* N/A
* Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
|-
* Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Chondroma]]'''
* Erdheim–Chester disease
|
 
* N/A
=== Tumors of ectopic origin ===
|-
* Germ cell tumors
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[PEComa|PEComatous tumors]]'''
** Teratoma, mature
|
** Teratoma, immature
* [[Lymphangiomyomatosis|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]
* Intrapulmonary thymoma
* [[PEComa]] (benign)
* Melanoma
**[[Clear cell tumor]]
* Meningioma, NOS
*[[PEComa]] ([[malignant]])
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Diffuse [[Lung|pulmonary]] [[lymphangiomatosis]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Inflammation|Inflammatory]] [[Myofibroblast|myofibroblastic]] [[tumor]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Vascular tumor|'''Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma''']]
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pleuropulmonary blastoma|'''Pleuropulmonary blastoma''']]
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Synovial sarcoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Pulmonary artery]] [[Tunica intima|intimal]] [[sarcoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 [[translocation]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | '''[[Myoepithelial]] [[Tumor|tumors]]'''
|
*[[Myoepithelial cells|Myoepithelioma]]
*[[Myoepithelial]] [[carcinoma]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Lymphohistiocytic tumors'''
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of [[MALT lymphoma|mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Diffuse large cell [[lymphoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis|'''Lymphomatoid granulomatosis''']]
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Intravascular large [[B cell]] [[lymphoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Lung|Pulmonary]] [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Erdheim-Chester disease'''
|
* N/A
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Tumors of ectopic origin'''
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Germ cell tumor|Germ cell tumors]]'''
|
* Mature [[teratoma]]
* Immature [[teratoma]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Pulmonary|Intrapulmonary]] [[thymoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Melanoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Meningioma]], [[NOS]]'''
|
* N/A
|}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:12, 2 July 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen M.D. Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Rim Halaby, M.D. [3] Dildar Hussain, MBBS [4]

Overview

Primary lung cancers may be classified into small cell lung cancer (~15%) and non small cell lung cancer (~85%). Non small cell lung cancer are a heterogeneous group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. prognosis and management). The 2015 WHO histological classification of tumors of the lung categorized lung tumors into malignant epithelial tumors, benign epithelial tumors, lymphoproliferative tumors, miscellaneous tumors, and metastatic tumors.

Classification

Primary lung cancers may be classified into two main categories:[1]

 
 
Lung Cancer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies tumors of the lungs as follows:[1][2]

WHO Classification of Lung Tumors
Histological type Subtype
Epithelial tumors
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
  • Pre-invasive lesion
    • Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Neuroendocrine tumors
Small cell carcinoma
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Carcinoid tumors
Pre-invasive lesion
Large cell carcinoma
  • N/A
Adenosquamous carcinoma
  • N/A
Sarcomatoid carcinomas
Other and Unclassified carcinomas
Salivary gland-type tumors
Papillomas
Adenomas
Mesenchymal tumors
Pulmonary hamartoma
  • N/A
Chondroma
  • N/A
PEComatous tumors
Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
  • N/A
Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
  • N/A
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
  • N/A
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
  • N/A
Pleuropulmonary blastoma
  • N/A
Synovial sarcoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 translocation
  • N/A
Myoepithelial tumors
Lymphohistiocytic tumors
Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
  • N/A
Diffuse large cell lymphoma
  • N/A
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
  • N/A
Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  • N/A
Erdheim-Chester disease
  • N/A
Tumors of ectopic origin
Germ cell tumors
Intrapulmonary thymoma
  • N/A
Melanoma
  • N/A
Meningioma, NOS
  • N/A

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Travis, William (2004). Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart. Lyon: IARC Press. ISBN 9283224183.
  2. ↑ "www.jto.org".

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