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{{Infobox_Disease |
__NOTOC__
  Name          = Uveal Melanoma |
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
  DiseasesDB    = 2614 |
{{Uveal melanoma}}
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|C|69||c|69}} |
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Fs}}{{Simrat}}
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|190}} |
  ICDO          = {{ICDO|8720|3}} |
  OMIM          = 155720 |
  MedlinePlus    = 001022 |
  eMedicineSubj  = oph |
  eMedicineTopic = 403 |
}}
{{SI}}
{{EH}}


==Overview==
{{SK}} Malignant uveal melanoma; Choroidal melanoma; iris melanoma; UM
'''Uveal Melanoma''' is cancer ([[melanoma]]) of the [[eye]] involving the [[iris (anatomy)|iris]], [[ciliary body]], or [[choroid]] (collectively referred to as the [[uvea]]) with advanced tumors encompassing more than one of these structures.  Tumors arise from the pigment cells ([[melanocyte|melanocytes]]) that give color to the eye.  Uveal melanoma is distinct from most skin melanomas associated with [[ultraviolet]] exposure; however, it shares several similarities with other non-sun-exposed melanomas. 
==[[Uveal melanoma overview|Overview]]==


Incidence of uveal melanoma is highest among people with lighter skin and blue eyes.  Other risk factors, such as blue light exposure and arc welding have been put forward, but are still debated in the field.  The size of the tumor tends to double yearly creating pressure in the eye and often impairing [[peripheral vision]].
==[[Uveal melanoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==Treatment==
==[[Uveal melanoma classification|Classification]]==
Primary treatment can involve removal of the affected eye ([[enucleation]]); however, this is now reserved for cases of extreme tumor burden or other secondary problems.  Advances in radiation therapies have significantly decreased the number of patients treated by enucleation.
 
==[[Uveal melanoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Uveal melanoma causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Uveal melanoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Uveal melanoma from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Uveal melanoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Uveal melanoma risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


The most common radiation treatment is plaque [[brachytherapy]], in which a small disc-shaped shield (plaque) encasing radioactive seeds (most often [[Iodine-125]], though Ruthenium-106 and [[Palladium-103]] can also be used) is attached to the outside surface of the eye, overlying the tumor. The plaque is left in place for a few days and then removed.  There is no difference in risk of metastasis between enucleation and plaque radiotherapy.
==[[Uveal melanoma screening|Screening]]==


Other modalities of treatment include transpupillary [[thermotherapy]], external beam [[proton therapy]], resection of the tumor, or rarely a combination of different modalities.
==[[Uveal melanoma natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Prognosis==
==Diagnosis==
The primary site of [[metastasis]] for uveal melanoma is the [[liver]] in most patients, less likely the lungs.  Approximately 50% of patients will develop metastases within 15 years after treatment of the primary tumor.  The average survival time after diagnosis of liver metastases is 8 to 10 months.
[[Uveal melanoma staging|Staging]] | [[Uveal melanoma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Uveal melanoma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Uveal melanoma laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Uveal melanoma chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Uveal melanoma CT|CT]] | [[Uveal melanoma MRI|MRI]] | [[Uveal melanoma ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Uveal melanoma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Uveal melanoma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==External Links==
==Treatment==
* [http://seeacure.com The See A Cure Foundation. A grassroots, patient-based, eye cancer nonprofit]
[[Uveal melanoma medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Uveal melanoma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Uveal melanoma primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Uveal melanoma secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Uveal melanoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Uveal melanoma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
* [http://www.eyetumor.org/  The Ocular Oncology Service]
==References==
* [http://eyecancer.com The Eye Cancer Network]
{{reflist|2}}
* [http://www.eyecancermd.org/index.html  Ocular Oncology - Bascom Palmer Eye Institute]
* [http://www.tustison.com/interests1.shtml/ Mikes Page - The Melanoma Resource Center]
* [http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?SUBED1=ocu-mel&A=1/ OCU-MEL - Ocular Melanoma e-mail list for patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals]


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Latest revision as of 18:21, 13 August 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Malignant uveal melanoma; Choroidal melanoma; iris melanoma; UM

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Uveal melanoma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

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