Scrotal mass causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Scrotal mass}} | {{Scrotal mass}} | ||
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{SC}}, {{SR}} | {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{NE}}{{SC}}, {{SR}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Scrotal | [[Scrotal masses (patient information)|Scrotal masses]] may be caused by tumors,injury,truma,infections. | ||
Also the causes depends on the [[Anatomical|anatomical origin.]] | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Scrotal mass may be caused by [[tumor]], [[infection]], [[injury]], [[inflammation]], or fluid buildup, which can cause different types of masses.<ref name=causeofscrotalmasses>Causes of scrotal masses. The Urology Group 2016. http://urologygroup.com/conditions-we-treat/scrotal-masses/. Accessed on March 17, 2016</ref> | *Scrotal mass may be caused by [[tumor]], [[infection]], [[injury]], [[inflammation]], or fluid buildup, which can cause different types of masses.<ref name="causeofscrotalmasses">Causes of scrotal masses. The Urology Group 2016. http://urologygroup.com/conditions-we-treat/scrotal-masses/. Accessed on March 17, 2016</ref> | ||
{|style="width:85%; height:90px" border="1" | |||
!style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" colspan=5 | {{fontcolor|#000|'''Common Causes of Scrotal Mass'''<br><sub>Adapted from American Academy of Family Physicians.<ref name=causescrotalmass1>Scrotal mass. American Academy of Family Physicians 2016. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/1115/p1165.html. Accessed on March 18, 2016</ref></sub>}} | |||
|- | |||
! Cause | |||
! Clinical Presentation | |||
! Diagnosis | |||
! Treatment | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=center| [[Testicular torsion]] | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Acute unilateral pain and swelling<br>High position of the testicle<br>Abnormal cremasteric reflex<br>Nausea/vomiting | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Mostly clinical, with or without sonography | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Surgery | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=center | [[Appendix testis|Torsion of the testicular appendage]] | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Acute unilateral pain<br>No swelling<br>Blue dot sign(bluish discoloration of the scrotum over the superior pole) | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Sonography | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Pain control | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=center | [[epididymo-orchitis|Epididymis/orchitis]] | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Acute unilateral pain and swelling<br>Normal position of the testicle<br>Erythema of the scrotal skin<br>Fever<br>Dysuria | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Mostly clinical, with or without sonography | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Ceftriaxone and doxyxycline | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=center | [[Hematocele]] | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | History of trauma<br>Pain and swelling | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Sonography or surgerical exploraion | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Main focus on pain control. Surgery, if needed | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=center | [[Inguinal hernia]] | |||
| Unilateral bulge in the scrotum<br>Pain with Valsalva maneuvers | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Physical examination, sonography | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Surgery | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=center | [[Hydrocele]] | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Swelling | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Transillumination, sonography | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Main focus on pain control. Surgery, if needed | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=center | [[Varicocele]] | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Dull testicular ache while in standing position<br> | |||
Scrotal mass | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | "Bag of worms" on palpation | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Scrotal support, surgery if needed | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=center | [[Testicular cancer]] | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Unilateral, firm nodule | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Sonography, positive tumor markers | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Surgery | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=center | [[Skin cancer]] | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | History of carcinogens<br>Erosive, vascular, hyperkeratotic, or nonhealing; irregular border; color changes | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Biopsy | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Surgery | |||
|} | |||
==Refrences== | |||
===Causes by Anatomic Origin=== | ===Causes by Anatomic Origin=== | ||
{|style=" | {|style="width:85%; height:90px" border="1" | ||
!style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" colspan=5 | {{fontcolor|#000|Scrotal Mass<br>< | !style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" colspan=5 | {{fontcolor|#000|'''Scrotal Mass'''<br><sub>Adapted from American Academy of Family Physicians.<ref name=causescrotalmass1>Scrotal mass. American Academy of Family Physicians 2016. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/1115/p1165.html. Accessed on March 18, 2016</ref></sub>}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="padding: 0 5px; background: #4479BA" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Anatomical Origin}} | ! style="padding: 0 5px; background: #4479BA" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Anatomical Origin}} | ||
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| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Chronic, stable | | style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Chronic, stable | ||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | No | | style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | No | ||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Characteristic "bag of worms" consistency | | style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | Characteristic "'''bag of worms'''" consistency | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | [[Epididymis]] | | rowspan="2" style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | [[Epididymis]] | ||
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| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mumps]], [[Filariasis]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mumps]], [[Filariasis]], [[Leprosy]], [[Orchitis]], [[Gumma|Syphilitic gumma]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Amebiasis]], [[Epididymitis]], [[Granulomatous epididymitis]], [[Seminal vesiculitis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Latest revision as of 14:48, 23 October 2019
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Scrotal mass causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Scrotal mass causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny, MD[2]Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3], Sujit Routray, M.D. [4]
Overview
Scrotal masses may be caused by tumors,injury,truma,infections. Also the causes depends on the anatomical origin.
Causes
Common Causes
- Scrotal mass may be caused by tumor, infection, injury, inflammation, or fluid buildup, which can cause different types of masses.[1]
| Common Causes of Scrotal Mass Adapted from American Academy of Family Physicians.[2] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cause | Clinical Presentation | Diagnosis | Treatment | |
| Testicular torsion | Acute unilateral pain and swelling High position of the testicle Abnormal cremasteric reflex Nausea/vomiting |
Mostly clinical, with or without sonography | Surgery | |
| Torsion of the testicular appendage | Acute unilateral pain No swelling Blue dot sign(bluish discoloration of the scrotum over the superior pole) |
Sonography | Pain control | |
| Epididymis/orchitis | Acute unilateral pain and swelling Normal position of the testicle Erythema of the scrotal skin Fever Dysuria |
Mostly clinical, with or without sonography | Ceftriaxone and doxyxycline | |
| Hematocele | History of trauma Pain and swelling |
Sonography or surgerical exploraion | Main focus on pain control. Surgery, if needed | |
| Inguinal hernia | Unilateral bulge in the scrotum Pain with Valsalva maneuvers |
Physical examination, sonography | Surgery | |
| Hydrocele | Swelling | Transillumination, sonography | Main focus on pain control. Surgery, if needed | |
| Varicocele | Dull testicular ache while in standing position Scrotal mass |
"Bag of worms" on palpation | Scrotal support, surgery if needed | |
| Testicular cancer | Unilateral, firm nodule | Sonography, positive tumor markers | Surgery | |
| Skin cancer | History of carcinogens Erosive, vascular, hyperkeratotic, or nonhealing; irregular border; color changes |
Biopsy | Surgery | |
Refrences
Causes by Anatomic Origin
| Scrotal Mass Adapted from American Academy of Family Physicians.[2] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatomical Origin | Lesion/Condition | Onset/Progression | Pain/Tenderness | Aggravating/Alleviating Factors, Associated Symptoms |
| Skin | Sebaceous cyst | Acute/chronic, stable | No | --- |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | Chronic, progressive | No | --- | |
| Tunica vaginalis testis | Hydrocele | Acute/chronic, stable | No | Positive transillumination |
| Hematocele | Acute, caused by trauma | Yes | Negative transillumination | |
| Processus vaginalis testis | Indirect inguinal hernia | Acute/chronic, stable or progressive | No; yes, if strangulated | May enlarge with Valsalva-type maneuvers; size may fluctuate |
| Hydrocele | Chronic, stable | No | --- | |
| Pampiniform plexus | Varicocele | Chronic, stable | No | Characteristic "bag of worms" consistency |
| Epididymis | Epididymitis | Acute, progressive | Yes | May have symptoms of urinary tract infection (fever, chills, dysuria, frequency, and urgency) |
| Spermatocele | Chronic, stable | No | --- | |
| Testis | Testicular torsion | Acute, progressive | Yes | Elevation of testis may aggravate pain; abnormal testicular lie; cremasteric reflex usually absent |
| Appendix testis torsion | Acute, stable | Yes | Blue dot sign | |
| Orchitis | Acute, self-limited | Yes | Elevation of testis may relieve pain, may have systemic symptoms of viral illness | |
| Testicular cancer | Chronic, progressive | No | --- | |
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | Sebaceous cyst |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | Thrombosis spermatic vein |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | Mumps, Filariasis, Leprosy, Orchitis, Syphilitic gumma, Tuberculosis, Amebiasis, Epididymitis, Granulomatous epididymitis, Seminal vesiculitis |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Benign: Germ cell tumor, Teratoma, Thecoma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, Fibroma, Chimney sweeps' carcinoma, Epididymis cyst, Seminal vesicle cyst, Urethral gland cyst
Malignant: Germ cell tumor, Seminoma, Embryonal carcinoma, Yolk sac tumor, Choriocarcinoma, Teratoma, Granulosa cell tumor, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, Adenocarcinoma, Mesothelioma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Chimney sweeps' carcinoma, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Metastatic tumors: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Testicular injury, Testicular hematoma, Spermatic cord injury, Fracture of testis |
| Urologic | Hematocele，Hydrocele，Spermatocele, Varicocele, Testicular torsion, Epididymis torsion, Spermatic cord torsion, Inguinal hernia, Richter hernia, Femoral hernia, Incarcerated hernia, Irreducible hernia, Strangulated hernia, Testicular abscess, Scrotum abscess, Idiopathic scrotal edema, Seminal vesicle calculus |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
References
- ↑ Causes of scrotal masses. The Urology Group 2016. http://urologygroup.com/conditions-we-treat/scrotal-masses/. Accessed on March 17, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Scrotal mass. American Academy of Family Physicians 2016. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/1115/p1165.html. Accessed on March 18, 2016