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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Fanconi syndrome}} | {{Fanconi syndrome}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{VE}} | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Fanconi syndrome could be the result or complication of various causes affecting the normal function of Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT); in a simple and useful classification method, the causes could be classified as<ref name="pmid23235953">{{cite journal| author=Haque SK, Ariceta G, Batlle D| title=Proximal renal tubular acidosis: a not so rare disorder of multiple etiologies. | journal=Nephrol Dial Transplant | year= 2012 | volume= 27 | issue= 12 | pages= 4273-87 | pmid=23235953 | doi=10.1093/ndt/gfs493 | pmc=3616759 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23235953 }}</ref><ref name=":0">Enriko Klootwijk, Stephanie Dufek, Naomi Issler, Detlef Bockenhauer & Robert Kleta (2016)Pathophysiology, current treatments and future targets in hereditary forms of renal Fanconi syndrome,Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 5:1, 45-54, DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1259560</ref>: | |||
* '''Genetic causes''' | |||
** ''Accumulation of a toxic substance'' (e.g. [[Cystinosis]], [[Tyrosinemia]], Lysinuric Protein Intolerance, [[Glycogen storage disease|Glycogen Storage Diseases]], [[Galactosemia]], [[Wilson's disease|Wilson]], [[Hereditary Fructose Intolerance|Fructose Intolerance]]) | |||
** ''Energy provision failure'' (e.g. Mitochondriopathies) | |||
** ''Disruption of [[endocytosis]] and intracellular transport mechanisms'' (e.g. ARC syndrome, [[Oculocerebrorenal syndrome|Lowe syndrome]] and [[Dent's disease|Dent disease]]). | |||
* '''Exogenous causes''' (e.g. Heavy metals exposure, Drugs, Chemotherapy) | |||
* '''Acquired causes''' (e.g. [[Multiple myeloma]], [[Amyloidosis]], [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]) | |||
==Causes== | |||
===Genetic Causes<ref name="pmid23235953" /><ref name=":0" />=== | |||
* '''Accumulation of a toxic substance''' | |||
** [[Cystinosis]] | |||
*** The most common inherited cause of Fanconi syndrome in children | |||
** [[Tyrosinemia]] | |||
** Lysinuric Protein Intolerance | |||
** [[Glycogen storage disease type I|Glycogen Storage Disease type I]] | |||
** [[Galactosemia]] | |||
** [[Wilson's disease|Wilson]] | |||
** [[Hereditary fructose intolerance|Fructose intolerance]] | |||
** [[Glycogen storage disease type XI|Fanconi-Bickel syndrome]] | |||
* '''Energy provision failure''' | |||
** Mitochondriopathies | |||
* '''Disruption of endocytosis and intracellular transport''' | |||
** [[Oculocerebrorenal syndrome|Lowe syndrome]] | |||
** NaPi-IIa gene mutation | |||
** [[EHHADH]] gene mutations | |||
** [[Dent's disease|Dent disease]] | |||
=== '''Exogenous causes'''<ref name="pmid23235953" /><ref name="pmid125524902">{{cite journal| author=Izzedine H, Launay-Vacher V, Isnard-Bagnis C, Deray G| title=Drug-induced Fanconi's syndrome. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 2003 | volume= 41 | issue= 2 | pages= 292-309 | pmid=12552490 | doi=10.1053/ajkd.2003.50037 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12552490 }}</ref> === | |||
* '''Drugs''' | |||
** Antiviral & Anti-retroviral drugs | |||
*** ''[[Adefovir]]'' | |||
*** ''[[Tenofovir]]'' | |||
*** ''[[Didanosine]]'' | |||
*** ''[[Cidofovir]]'' | |||
*** ''[[Lamivudine]]'' | |||
*** ''[[Stavudine]]'' | |||
** Antibacterial Drugs | |||
*** ''[[Tetracycline antibiotics|Tetracyclines]]'' | |||
*** ''[[Aminoglycoside|Aminoglycosides]]'' | |||
** Anticonvulsants | |||
*** ''[[Valproic acid]]'' | |||
* '''Heavy metals''' | |||
** ''[[Lead]]'' | |||
** ''[[Cadmium]]'' | |||
** ''[[Mercury (element)|Mercury]]'' | |||
** ''[[Copper]]'' | |||
* '''Chemotherapy''' | |||
** ''Alkylating & Platinating Agents'' | |||
*** ''[[Cisplatin]]'' | |||
*** ''[[Streptozocin]]'' | |||
*** ''[[Carboplatin]]'' | |||
*** ''[[Ifosfamide]]'' | |||
*** ''Oxaplatin'' | |||
** ''[[Mercaptopurine]]'' | |||
=== | === '''Acquired causes'''<ref name=":0" /><ref name="pmid23235953" /><ref name="pmid29326807">{{cite journal| author=Ria R, Dammacco F, Vacca A| title=Heavy-Chain Diseases and Myeloma-Associated Fanconi Syndrome: an Update. | journal=Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis | year= 2018 | volume= 10 | issue= 1 | pages= e2018011 | pmid=29326807 | doi=10.4084/MJHID.2018.011 | pmc=5760076 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29326807 }}</ref> === | ||
* ''[[Nephrotic syndrome]]'' | |||
* ''[[Multiple myeloma]]'' | |||
* [[Amyloidosis]] | |||
* [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria|Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH)]] | |||
* ''[[Sjögren's syndrome|Sjögren syndrome]]'' | |||
* ''Renal transplantation'' | |||
* ''Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis (TINU) syndrome'' | |||
* ''Autoimmune interstitial nephritis and membranous nephropathy'' | |||
* ''[[Anorexia nervosa]]'' | |||
* ''Untreated condition of distal renal tubular acidosis'' | |||
===Causes | ===Less Common Causes=== | ||
Less common causes of Fanconi syndrome mostly found on case reports include: | |||
*Other drugs such as: Fumaric Acid, [[Ranitidine]], [[Salicylic acid|Salicylate]], Methyl-3-Chromone in high doses and for long periods | |||
*[[Alcohol abuse|Chronic Alcohol abuse]] | |||
*Crude Chinese herbal drugs (sometimes called Boui-ougi-tou) | |||
*[[L-Lysine]] | |||
*Glue Sniffing | |||
*Autosomal dominant Fanconi syndrome with macrosomia and [[Maturity onset diabetes of the young|young-onset diabetes mellitus]] | |||
*Arthrogryposis–renal dysfunction–cholestasis (ARC) syndrome | |||
*Idiopathic Fanconi syndrome | |||
[[ | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{ | List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order. | ||
* | {{columns-list| | ||
*Adefovir | |||
*Aminoglycosides | |||
*Cidofovir | |||
*Cisplatin | |||
*Cystinosis | |||
*Dent disease | |||
*Didanosine | |||
*Fanconi-Bickel syndrome | |||
*Galactosemia | |||
*Glycogen Storage disease (type I) | |||
*Hereditary fructose intolerance | |||
*Ifosfamide | |||
*Lamivudine | |||
*Lowe’s syndrome | |||
*Mitochondriopathies | |||
*Oxaplatin | |||
*Stavudine | |||
*Streptozocin | |||
*Tenofovir | |||
*Tyrosinemia | |||
*Valproic acid | |||
*Wilson’s disease | |||
*Tetracyclines | |||
}} | }} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category: (name of the system)]] | |||
[[Category: |
Latest revision as of 20:56, 10 January 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vahid Eidkhani, M.D.
Overview
Fanconi syndrome could be the result or complication of various causes affecting the normal function of Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT); in a simple and useful classification method, the causes could be classified as[1][2]:
- Genetic causes
- Accumulation of a toxic substance (e.g. Cystinosis, Tyrosinemia, Lysinuric Protein Intolerance, Glycogen Storage Diseases, Galactosemia, Wilson, Fructose Intolerance)
- Energy provision failure (e.g. Mitochondriopathies)
- Disruption of endocytosis and intracellular transport mechanisms (e.g. ARC syndrome, Lowe syndrome and Dent disease).
- Exogenous causes (e.g. Heavy metals exposure, Drugs, Chemotherapy)
- Acquired causes (e.g. Multiple myeloma, Amyloidosis, Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
Causes
Genetic Causes[1][2]
- Accumulation of a toxic substance
- Cystinosis
- The most common inherited cause of Fanconi syndrome in children
- Tyrosinemia
- Lysinuric Protein Intolerance
- Glycogen Storage Disease type I
- Galactosemia
- Wilson
- Fructose intolerance
- Fanconi-Bickel syndrome
- Cystinosis
- Energy provision failure
- Mitochondriopathies
- Disruption of endocytosis and intracellular transport
- Lowe syndrome
- NaPi-IIa gene mutation
- EHHADH gene mutations
- Dent disease
Exogenous causes[1][3]
- Drugs
- Antiviral & Anti-retroviral drugs
- Antibacterial Drugs
- Anticonvulsants
- Alkylating & Platinating Agents
- Cisplatin
- Streptozocin
- Carboplatin
- Ifosfamide
- Oxaplatin
- Alkylating & Platinating Agents
Acquired causes[2][1][4]
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Multiple myeloma
- Amyloidosis
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH)
- Sjögren syndrome
- Renal transplantation
- Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis (TINU) syndrome
- Autoimmune interstitial nephritis and membranous nephropathy
- Anorexia nervosa
- Untreated condition of distal renal tubular acidosis
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of Fanconi syndrome mostly found on case reports include:
- Other drugs such as: Fumaric Acid, Ranitidine, Salicylate, Methyl-3-Chromone in high doses and for long periods
- Chronic Alcohol abuse
- Crude Chinese herbal drugs (sometimes called Boui-ougi-tou)
- L-Lysine
- Glue Sniffing
- Autosomal dominant Fanconi syndrome with macrosomia and young-onset diabetes mellitus
- Arthrogryposis–renal dysfunction–cholestasis (ARC) syndrome
- Idiopathic Fanconi syndrome
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
- Adefovir
- Aminoglycosides
- Cidofovir
- Cisplatin
- Cystinosis
- Dent disease
- Didanosine
- Fanconi-Bickel syndrome
- Galactosemia
- Glycogen Storage disease (type I)
- Hereditary fructose intolerance
- Ifosfamide
- Lamivudine
- Lowe’s syndrome
- Mitochondriopathies
- Oxaplatin
- Stavudine
- Streptozocin
- Tenofovir
- Tyrosinemia
- Valproic acid
- Wilson’s disease
- Tetracyclines
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Haque SK, Ariceta G, Batlle D (2012). "Proximal renal tubular acidosis: a not so rare disorder of multiple etiologies". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 27 (12): 4273–87. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfs493. PMC 3616759. PMID 23235953.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Enriko Klootwijk, Stephanie Dufek, Naomi Issler, Detlef Bockenhauer & Robert Kleta (2016)Pathophysiology, current treatments and future targets in hereditary forms of renal Fanconi syndrome,Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 5:1, 45-54, DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1259560
- ↑ Izzedine H, Launay-Vacher V, Isnard-Bagnis C, Deray G (2003). "Drug-induced Fanconi's syndrome". Am J Kidney Dis. 41 (2): 292–309. doi:10.1053/ajkd.2003.50037. PMID 12552490.
- ↑ Ria R, Dammacco F, Vacca A (2018). "Heavy-Chain Diseases and Myeloma-Associated Fanconi Syndrome: an Update". Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 10 (1): e2018011. doi:10.4084/MJHID.2018.011. PMC 5760076. PMID 29326807.