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[[File:Osteoarthritis causes.jpg|thumb|Osteoarthritis causes]]
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Osteoarthritis}}
{{Osteoarthritis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Badgett}} {{LRO}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}[[User:DrMars|Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou]] [2] {{Badgett}} {{LRO}}; , [[User:Irfan Dotani|Irfan Dotani]] [4]


==Overview==
==Overview==
==Causes==
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a result of a variety of disorders that lead to structural and functional failure in involved joints. Osteoarthritis, traditionally, has been considered as a disease specifically related to articular cartilage. Presently, it's been proven that OA influencing the whole joint system consisted of capsule, and synovium, subchondral bone, cartilage, menisci, ligaments, and periarticular muscle<ref name="pmid8480308">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bennet D |title=Arthritis--its classification, pathogenesis and clinical relevance |journal=Tijdschr Diergeneeskd |volume=118 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=19S–23S |date=March 1993 |pmid=8480308 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24653755">{{cite journal |vauthors=Man GS, Mologhianu G |title=Osteoarthritis pathogenesis - a complex process that involves the entire joint |journal=J Med Life |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=37–41 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24653755 |pmc=3956093 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.
Osteoarthritis often affects multiple members of the same family, suggesting that there is [[hereditary]] susceptibility to this condition. A number of studies have shown that there is a greater prevalence of the disease between siblings and especially [[Twin#Identical twins|identical twins]], indicating a hereditary basis. Up to 60% of OA cases are thought to result from genetic factors. Researchers are also investigating the possibility of [[Allergy|allergies]], [[infection]]s, or [[Mycosis|fungi]] as a cause. There is some evidence that allergies, whether fungal, infectious or systemically induced, may be a significant contributing factor to the appearance of osteoarthritis in a synovial sac. Randomized, controlled studies have shown a 40% reduction in joint degeneration if [[Tetracycline]] derivative antibiotics are taken consistently over time.


Obesity may contribute to osteoarthritis of the knee.<ref name="pmid22147711">{{cite journal| author=Nguyen US, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Niu J, Zhang B, Felson DT| title=Increasing prevalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: survey and cohort data. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2011 | volume= 155 | issue= 11 | pages= 725-32 | pmid=22147711 | doi=10.1059/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00004 | pmc=PMC3408027 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22147711  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10230743">{{cite journal| author=McAlindon TE, Wilson PW, Aliabadi P, Weissman B, Felson DT| title=Level of physical activity and the risk of radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the elderly: the Framingham study. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1999 | volume= 106 | issue= 2 | pages= 151-7 | pmid=10230743 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10230743  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9920009">{{cite journal| author=Hart DJ, Doyle DV, Spector TD| title=Incidence and risk factors for radiographic knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged women: the Chingford Study. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 1999 | volume= 42 | issue= 1 | pages= 17-24 | pmid=9920009 | doi=10.1002/1529-0131(199901)42:1<17::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-E | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9920009  }} </ref>
==Causes==  
 
Leg-length inequality > 1 cm is associated with osteoarthritis of the knee.<ref name="pmid20194234">{{cite journal| author=Harvey WF, Yang M, Cooke TD, Segal NA, Lane N, Lewis CE et al.| title=Association of leg-length inequality with knee osteoarthritis: a cohort study. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2010 | volume= 152 | issue= 5 | pages= 287-95 | pmid=20194234 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20194234 | doi=10.1059/0003-4819-152-5-201003020-00006 }} </ref>


<div style="-webkit-user-select: none;">
<div style="-webkit-user-select: none;">
===Common Causes===
*[[Aseptic necrosis of bone]]
*[[Asymmetric leg length]]
*[[Avascular necrosis]]
*[[Chondrocalcinosis 1 ]]
*[[Chondrocalcinosis 2]]
*[[Developmental dysplasia of the hip]]
*[[Ehlers-danlos syndrome]]
*[[Familial chondrocalcinosis]]
*[[Fracture of bone]]
*[[Joint injury]]
*[[Meniscectomy]]
*[[Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia ]]
*[[Muscle dysfunction]]
*[[Osteochondritis dissecans ]]
*[[Syringomyelia]]
*[[Tabes dorsalis]]
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Paget disease]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Paget disease]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acromegaly]],  [[Hemochromatosis]], [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[Pituitary cancer]],  [[Pituitary tumors]],  [[Reduced sex hormones]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acromegaly]],  [[Hemochromatosis]], [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[Pituitary cancer]],  [[Pituitary tumors]],  [[Reduced sex hormones]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemochromatosis]],  [[Wilson disease]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Hemochromatosis]],  [[Wilson disease]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adam12]],  [[Alkaptonuria ]],  [[Asymmetric leg length]],  [[Bmp]],  [[Clip]],  [[Col11a2]],  [[Ehlers-danlos syndrome]],  [[Erg]],  [[Familial chondrocalcinosis]],  [[Frzb]],  [[Gdf5]],  [[Il10]],  [[Larsen syndrome ]],  [[Mcf2l]],  [[Mmp3]],  [[Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia ]],  [[Nail-patella syndrome ]],  [[Osteochondritis dissecans ]],  [[Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda ]],  [[Tgfb1]],  [[Thalassemia]],  [[Wilson disease]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Adam12]],  [[Alkaptonuria ]] ,  [[Asymmetric leg length]],  [[Bmp]],  [[Clip]],  [[Col11a2]],  [[Ehlers-danlos syndrome]],  [[Erg]],  [[Familial chondrocalcinosis]],  [[Frzb]],  [[Gdf5]],  [[Il10]],  [[Larsen syndrome ]] ,  [[Mcf2l]],  [[Mmp3]],  [[Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia ]] ,  [[Nail-patella syndrome ]] ,  [[Osteochondritis dissecans ]] ,  [[Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda ]] ,  [[Tgfb1]],  [[Thalassemia]],  [[Wilson disease]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes]],  [[Hemochromatosis]],  [[Thalassemia]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Diabetes]],  [[Hemochromatosis]],  [[Thalassemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Meniscectomy]],  [[Surgery]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Meniscectomy]],  [[Surgery]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Syringomyelia]],  [[Tabes dorsalis]],  [[Viral hepatitis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Syringomyelia]],  [[Tabes dorsalis]],  [[Viral hepatitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aseptic necrosis of bone]],  [[Asymmetric leg length]],  [[Avascular necrosis]],  [[Chondrocalcinosis 1 ]],  [[Chondrocalcinosis 2]],  [[Developmental dysplasia of the hip]],  [[Ehlers-danlos syndrome]],  [[Familial chondrocalcinosis]],  [[Fracture of bone]],  [[Joint injury]],  [[Meniscectomy]],  [[Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia ]],  [[Muscle dysfunction]],  [[Osteochondritis dissecans ]],  [[Syringomyelia]],  [[Tabes dorsalis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aseptic necrosis of bone]],  [[Asymmetric leg length]],  [[Avascular necrosis]],  [[Chondrocalcinosis 1 ]] ,  [[Chondrocalcinosis 2]],  [[Developmental dysplasia of the hip]],  [[Ehlers-danlos syndrome]],  [[Familial chondrocalcinosis]],  [[Fracture of bone]],  [[Joint injury]],  [[Meniscectomy]],  [[Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia ]] ,  [[Muscle dysfunction]],  [[Osteochondritis dissecans ]] ,  [[Syringomyelia]],  [[Tabes dorsalis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes]],  [[Obesity]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Diabetes]],  [[Obesity]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pituitary cancer]],  [[Pituitary tumors]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Pituitary cancer]],  [[Pituitary tumors]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergies]],  [[Aseptic necrosis of bone]],  [[Avascular necrosis]],  [[Chondrocalcinosis 1 ]],  [[Chondrocalcinosis 2]],  [[Crystal deposition]],  [[Gout]],  [[Lupus]],  [[Rheumatoid arthritis]],  [[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Allergies]],  [[Aseptic necrosis of bone]],  [[Avascular necrosis]],  [[Chondrocalcinosis 1 ]] ,  [[Chondrocalcinosis 2]],  [[Crystal deposition]],  [[Gout]],  [[Lupus]],  [[Rheumatoid arthritis]],  [[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Developmental dysplasia of the hip]],  [[Fracture of bone]],  [[Joint injury]],  [[Physical trauma]],  [[Trauma]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Developmental dysplasia of the hip]],  [[Fracture of bone]],  [[Joint injury]],  [[Physical trauma]],  [[Trauma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alkaptonuria ]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Alkaptonuria ]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aging]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aging]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== <ref name="pmid16129133">{{cite journal |vauthors=Renberg WC |title=Pathophysiology and management of arthritis |journal=Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=1073–91, v |date=September 2005 |pmid=16129133 |doi=10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.05.005 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9243778">{{cite journal |vauthors=Harari J |title=Clinical evaluation of the osteoarthritic patient |journal=Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=725–34 |date=July 1997 |pmid=9243778 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20188335">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rychel JK |title=Diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis |journal=Top Companion Anim Med |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=20–5 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20188335 |doi=10.1053/j.tcam.2009.10.005 |url=}}</ref>
{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|
*[[Acromegaly]]
*[[Acromegaly]]
*[[Adam12]]
*[[Adam12]]
Line 170: Line 150:
*[[Gout]]
*[[Gout]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Hyperparathyroidism]]
*[[Il10]]
*[[Il10]]
*[[Joint injury]]
*[[Joint injury]]
Line 200: Line 181:
}}
}}
</div>
</div>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 22:14, 10 January 2020

Osteoarthritis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou [2] Robert G. Badgett, M.D. [2] Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.; , Irfan Dotani [4]

Overview

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a result of a variety of disorders that lead to structural and functional failure in involved joints. Osteoarthritis, traditionally, has been considered as a disease specifically related to articular cartilage. Presently, it's been proven that OA influencing the whole joint system consisted of capsule, and synovium, subchondral bone, cartilage, menisci, ligaments, and periarticular muscle[1][2].

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Paget disease
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Acromegaly, Hemochromatosis, hyperparathyroidism, Pituitary cancer, Pituitary tumors, Reduced sex hormones
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Hemochromatosis, Wilson disease
Genetic Adam12, Alkaptonuria  , Asymmetric leg length, Bmp, Clip, Col11a2, Ehlers-danlos syndrome, Erg, Familial chondrocalcinosis, Frzb, Gdf5, Il10, Larsen syndrome  , Mcf2l, Mmp3, Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia  , Nail-patella syndrome  , Osteochondritis dissecans  , Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda  , Tgfb1, Thalassemia, Wilson disease
Hematologic Diabetes, Hemochromatosis, Thalassemia
Iatrogenic Meniscectomy, Surgery
Infectious Disease Syringomyelia, Tabes dorsalis, Viral hepatitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Aseptic necrosis of bone, Asymmetric leg length, Avascular necrosis, Chondrocalcinosis 1  , Chondrocalcinosis 2, Developmental dysplasia of the hip, Ehlers-danlos syndrome, Familial chondrocalcinosis, Fracture of bone, Joint injury, Meniscectomy, Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia  , Muscle dysfunction, Osteochondritis dissecans  , Syringomyelia, Tabes dorsalis
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Diabetes, Obesity
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Pituitary cancer, Pituitary tumors
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Allergies, Aseptic necrosis of bone, Avascular necrosis, Chondrocalcinosis 1  , Chondrocalcinosis 2, Crystal deposition, Gout, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Satoyoshi syndrome
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Developmental dysplasia of the hip, Fracture of bone, Joint injury, Physical trauma, Trauma
Urologic Alkaptonuria 
Miscellaneous Aging

===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== [3][4][5]

References

  1. ↑ Bennet D (March 1993). "Arthritis--its classification, pathogenesis and clinical relevance". Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 118 Suppl 1: 19S–23S. PMID 8480308.
  2. ↑ Man GS, Mologhianu G (March 2014). "Osteoarthritis pathogenesis - a complex process that involves the entire joint". J Med Life. 7 (1): 37–41. PMC 3956093. PMID 24653755.
  3. ↑ Renberg WC (September 2005). "Pathophysiology and management of arthritis". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 35 (5): 1073–91, v. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.05.005. PMID 16129133.
  4. ↑ Harari J (July 1997). "Clinical evaluation of the osteoarthritic patient". Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 27 (4): 725–34. PMID 9243778.
  5. ↑ Rychel JK (February 2010). "Diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis". Top Companion Anim Med. 25 (1): 20–5. doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2009.10.005. PMID 20188335.

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