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'''For patient information click [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (patient information)|here]]'''


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  | Image          = 2369.jpg
  | Image          = 2369.jpg
  | Caption        = Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. <br> <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
  | Caption        = Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. <br> <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
| DiseasesDB    = 6373
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|I|42|1|i|30}}-{{ICD10|I|42|2|i|30}}
| ICD9          = {{ICD9|425.4}}
| ICDO          =
| OMIM          =
| MedlinePlus    =
| eMedicineSubj  =
| eMedicineTopic =
| eMedicine_mult =
| MeshID        = D002312
}}
}}
{{Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy}}
{{Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy}}
'''Editors-In-Chief:''' C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [mailto:mgibson@perfuse.org], Martin S. Maron, M.D., and Barry J. Maron, M.D.


'''''Synonyms and Related Terms:'''''
'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]] [mailto:charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com] {{AE}} {{Soroush}}
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or HCM, Asymmetric septal hypertrophy or ASH, Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, HOCM, Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis or IHSS, familial isolated hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, familial isolated hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, familial or idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, familial or idiopathic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, primitive hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, primitive hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is also known as nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Japanese variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or the Yamaguchi variant (since the first cases described were all in individuals of Japanese descent).
 
{{SK}} Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or HCM, Asymmetric septal hypertrophy or ASH, Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, HOCM, Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis or IHSS, familial isolated hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, familial isolated hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, familial hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, familial hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, idiopathic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, primitive hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, primitive hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, muscular subaortic stenosis, apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is also known as nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Japanese variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or Yamaguchi syndrome.


==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy overview|Overview]]==
==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy overview|Overview]]==
'''Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''', or '''HCM''', is a disease of the [[myocardium]] (the [[muscle]] of the [[heart]]) in which a portion of the myocardium is [[left ventricular hypertrophy|hypertrophied]] (thickened) without any alternate cause such as [[hypertension]], [[amyloid]] or [[aortic stenosis]].<ref name="Richardson, McKenna et al 1996">Richardson P, McKenna W, Bristow M, Maisch B, Mautner B, O'Connell J, Olsen E, Thiene G, Goodwin J, Gyarfas I, Martin I, Nordet P. Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of cardiomyopathies. ''[[Circulation (journal)|Circulation]]''. 1996 Mar 1; '''93'''(5):841–2. ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8598070 Medline abstract]; [http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/93/5/841 Full text])</ref><ref name="Maron 2002">Maron B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. ''[[Journal of the American Medical Association|JAMA]]'' 2002. '''287''':1308–20</ref><ref name="Sherrid Chaudhry et al 2003">Sherrid M, Chaudhry FA, Swistel DG. Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography, pathophysiology, and the continuing evolution of surgery for obstruction. ''Annals of Thoracic Surgery'' 2003; '''75''':620–32</ref><ref name="Wigle, Sasson et al 1985">Wigle D, Sasson Z, Henderson MA, Ruddy TD, Fulop J, Rakowski H, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The importance of the site and the extent of hypertrophy. A review. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 1985; '''28''':1–83</ref><ref name="Wigle, Rakowski et al 1995">Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Kimball BP, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy — clinical spectrum and treatment. ''[[Circulation (journal)|Circulation]]'' 1995; '''92''':1680–92</ref><ref name="Maron, McKenna et al 2003">Maron BJ, McKenna WJ, Danielson GK, Kappenberger LJ, Kuhn HJ, Seidman CE, Shah PM, Spencer WH III, Spirito P, Ten Cate FJ, Wigle ED. [[American College of Cardiology]] / [[European Society of Cardiology]] clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ''[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology|J Am Coll Cardiol]]''. 2003; '''42''':1687–713
==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
</ref> Although HCM has gained notoriety as a leading cause of [[sudden cardiac death]] in young athletes,
==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy classification|Classification]]==
<ref name="Maron, Thompson et al 1996">Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Puffer JC, McGrew CA, Strong WB, Douglas PS, Clark LT, Mitten MJ, Crawford MH, Atkins DL, Driscoll DJ, Epstein AE. Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes. A statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (clinical cardiology) and Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee (cardiovascular disease in the young), American Heart Association. ''[[Circulation (journal)|Circulation]]''. 1996 Aug 15; '''94'''(4):850-6. ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8772711 Medline abstract]; [http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/94/4/850 Full text])</ref>
it should be noted that HCM is a cause of [[sudden cardiac death]] in any age group and may be associated with cardiac morbidity and disabling cardiac symptoms as well.


A non-obstructive variant of HCM is known as '''apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''' <ref name="Rivera-Diaz, Moosvi 1996">Rivera-Diaz J, Moosvi AR. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ''South Med J''. 1996 Jul; '''89'''(7):711-3. ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8685759 Medline abstract]; [http://www.sma.org/smj/96jul12.htm Full text])</ref>,
==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
which is also known as '''nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''' and '''Japanese variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''' or the '''Yamaguchi variant''' (since the first cases described were all in individuals of Japanese descent).


==Pathophysiology and Etiology==
==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy from Other Diseases]]==
[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathophysiology#Histopathologic Abnormalities|Histopathologic Abnormalities]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathophysiology#Anatomic Abnormalities|Anatomic Abnormalities]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathophysiology#Functional Abnormalities|Functional Abnormalities]]
==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes|Causes]]==


==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy epidemiology and genetics|Epidemiology and genetics]]==
==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy screening|Screening]]==


==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy natural history|Natural History, Prognosis and Sudden Cardiac Death Risk]]==
 
==[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy differential diagnosis|Differential Diagnosis]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms|Symptoms]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy physical examination|Physical examination]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy screening|Screening]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnostic testing#Electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnostic testing#Echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnostic testing#Cardiac MRI|Cardiac MRI]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnostic testing#CT|Cardiac CT]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnostic testing#Positron Emission Tomography|Positron Emission Tomography]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnostic testing#Cardiac Catheterization|Cardiac Catheterization]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnostic testing#electrophysiologic study|Electrophysiologic study]] | [[Hypertrophic cadiomyopathy pathological findings|Pathological Findings]]
[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic Study of Choice]]| [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy physical examination|Physical examination]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy laboratory findings|Laboratory findings]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy x ray|X Ray]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy CT scan|CT Scan]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MRI|MRI]] |[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]].


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy medical treatment|Medical treatment]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy interventional cardiology|Interventional Cardiology and Device Based Therapy]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy surgical treatment|Surgical treatment]]


==Special clinical scenarios==
*'''[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy medical therapy|Medical therapy]]''', '''[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy interventions|Interventions]], [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy surgery|Surgery]], [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy primary prevention|Primary Prevention]], [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]], Cost Effectiveness of Therapy, Future or Investigational Therapy'''<br />
[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in special clinical scenarios#Management of HCM in presence of hypotension and cardiovascular collapse|Hypotension/Cardiovascular collapse]] | [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in special clinical scenarios#Management of the HCM Patient During Pregnancy|Pregnancy]]


== External links ==
==Resources==
* [http://www.4hcm.org/ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association]
* [http://www.4hcm.org/ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association]
* [http://www.cardiomyopathy.org/ Cardiomyopathy Association]
* [http://www.cardiomyopathy.org/ Cardiomyopathy Association]
* [http://www.hcmresearchfoundation.org/ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Research Foundation]
* [http://www.hcmresearchfoundation.org/ Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Research Foundation]
 
* [https://hcmcare.com HCM Care]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
 
{{Circulatory system pathology}}
{{SIB}}
 
[[de:Hypertrophische Kardiomyopathie]]
[[nl:HOCM]]
[[pl:Kardiomiopatia przerostowa]]
[[ru:Гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия]]


[[Category:Cardiomyopathy]]
[[Category:Cardiomyopathy]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Disease state]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Template complete]]


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Latest revision as of 18:35, 11 March 2020

For patient information click here

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or HCM, Asymmetric septal hypertrophy or ASH, Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, HOCM, Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis or IHSS, familial isolated hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, familial isolated hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, familial hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, familial hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, idiopathic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, primitive hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, primitive hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, muscular subaortic stenosis, apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is also known as nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Japanese variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or Yamaguchi syndrome.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Differentiating Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy from Other Diseases

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

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