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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Tricuspid stenosis}} | {{Tricuspid stenosis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} [[User:Mohammed Salih|Mohammed Salih, M.D.]] {{sali}} {{FB}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The natural course of [[tricuspid stenosis]] (TS ) is not well defined and it is extremely rare for TS to occur in isolation. The most common cause of TS is [[rheumatic heart disease]] and it is usually associated with coexisting [[mitral valve]] and/or [[aortic valve]] abnormality. TS of [[rheumatic]] etiology usually occurs with [[tricuspid regurgitation]]. [[Tricuspid stenosis]] takes years to develop, with some exceptions such as congenital causes. [[Complications]] of [[tricuspid stenosis]] include [[heart failure]], [[liver failure]], and [[stroke]]. | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
=== Natural History === | |||
* After several years, the [[right atrium]] can become enlarged because blood flow through the narrow [[tricuspid valve]] opening is partially blocked.<ref name="pmid30449382">{{cite journal |vauthors=Crousillat DR, Wood MJ |title=Valvular Heart Disease and Heart Failure in Women |journal=Heart Fail Clin |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=77–85 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30449382 |doi=10.1016/j.hfc.2018.08.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9665226">{{cite journal| author=Roguin A, Rinkevich D, Milo S, Markiewicz W, Reisner SA| title=Long-term follow-up of patients with severe rheumatic tricuspid stenosis. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1998 | volume= 136 | issue= 1 | pages= 103-8 | pmid=9665226 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9665226 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15786615">{{cite journal| author=Diaof M, Ba SA, Kane A, Sarr M, Diop IB, Diouf SM| title=[Tricuspid valve stenosis. A prospective study of 35 cases]. | journal=Dakar Med | year= 2004 | volume= 49 | issue= 2 | pages= 96-100 | pmid=15786615 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15786615 }} </ref> | |||
* An enlarged [[Atrium (heart)|atrium]] can affect the pressure and blood flow in the nearby chambers and [[Vein|veins]]. | |||
* It can also cause the [[right ventricle]] to shrink because the amount of blood entering from the [[right atrium]] is reduced. | |||
* Eventually, less blood circulates through the [[Lung|lungs]] to get [[oxygen]].<ref name="pmid26005174">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aksu U, Topcu S |title=Giant right atrium due to rheumatic tricuspid valve stenosis |journal=Int. J. Cardiol. |volume=193 |issue= |pages=47–8 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26005174 |doi=10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.049 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* [[Bioprosthetic valves|Bioprosthetic]] [[tricuspid valve]] stenosis is not uncommon after 8 years. | |||
* [[Tricuspid valve]] replacement performed at the second surgery was associated with a higher incidence of [[Bioprosthetic valves|bioprosthetic]] tricuspid valve [[stenosis]].<ref name="pmid31367735">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirata K, Tengan T, Wake M, Takahashi T, Ishimine T, Yasumoto H, Nakasu A, Mototake H |title=Bioprosthetic tricuspid valve stenosis: a case series |journal=Eur Heart J Case Rep |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages= |date=September 2019 |pmid=31367735 |pmc=6764547 |doi=10.1093/ehjcr/ytz110 |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Complication=== | |||
The following [[complications]] may occur from [[tricuspid stenosis]]:<ref name="pmid9665226" /><ref name="pmid15786615" /><ref name="pmid1088029">{{cite journal| author=Hadjigeorge C, Papadopoulos A, Gialafos J, Georgiou V, Avgoustakis D| title=The contribution of right ventricular angiocardiography to the diagnosis of tricuspid valvular stenosis (Observations made on 3 patients). | journal=Acta Cardiol | year= 1976 | volume= 31 | issue= 3 | pages= 201-8 | pmid=1088029 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1088029 }}</ref> | |||
*[[Right atrial enlargement]] | |||
*[[Atrial fibrillation]] | |||
*[[Heart failure]] | |||
*[[Infective endocarditis]] | |||
*[[Cerebrovascular accident]] | |||
*[[Liver failure]] | |||
===Prognosis=== | |||
* Depending on the cause of the [[tricuspid valve]] [[stenosis]] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as good if tricuspid valve [[stenosis]] is mild.<ref name="pmid29763166">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=29763166 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref> | |||
* Severe cases of tricuspid valve [[stenosis]] requires surgery. | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* With medical intervention, severe [[tricuspid stenosis]] appears well tolerated over several years of follow-up.<ref name="pmid9665226">{{cite journal| author=Roguin A, Rinkevich D, Milo S, Markiewicz W, Reisner SA| title=Long-term follow-up of patients with severe rheumatic tricuspid stenosis. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1998 | volume= 136 | issue= 1 | pages= 103-8 | pmid=9665226 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9665226 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:38, 1 April 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Salih, M.D. Syed Musadiq Ali M.B.B.S.[2] Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [3]
Overview
The natural course of tricuspid stenosis (TS ) is not well defined and it is extremely rare for TS to occur in isolation. The most common cause of TS is rheumatic heart disease and it is usually associated with coexisting mitral valve and/or aortic valve abnormality. TS of rheumatic etiology usually occurs with tricuspid regurgitation. Tricuspid stenosis takes years to develop, with some exceptions such as congenital causes. Complications of tricuspid stenosis include heart failure, liver failure, and stroke.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- After several years, the right atrium can become enlarged because blood flow through the narrow tricuspid valve opening is partially blocked.[1][2][3]
- An enlarged atrium can affect the pressure and blood flow in the nearby chambers and veins.
- It can also cause the right ventricle to shrink because the amount of blood entering from the right atrium is reduced.
- Eventually, less blood circulates through the lungs to get oxygen.[4]
- Bioprosthetic tricuspid valve stenosis is not uncommon after 8 years.
- Tricuspid valve replacement performed at the second surgery was associated with a higher incidence of bioprosthetic tricuspid valve stenosis.[5]
Complication
The following complications may occur from tricuspid stenosis:[2][3][6]
- Right atrial enlargement
- Atrial fibrillation
- Heart failure
- Infective endocarditis
- Cerebrovascular accident
- Liver failure
Prognosis
- Depending on the cause of the tricuspid valve stenosis at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as good if tricuspid valve stenosis is mild.[7]
- Severe cases of tricuspid valve stenosis requires surgery.
- With medical intervention, severe tricuspid stenosis appears well tolerated over several years of follow-up.[2]
References
- ↑ Crousillat DR, Wood MJ (January 2019). "Valvular Heart Disease and Heart Failure in Women". Heart Fail Clin. 15 (1): 77–85. doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2018.08.008. PMID 30449382.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Roguin A, Rinkevich D, Milo S, Markiewicz W, Reisner SA (1998). "Long-term follow-up of patients with severe rheumatic tricuspid stenosis". Am Heart J. 136 (1): 103–8. PMID 9665226 Check
|pmid=value (help). zero width space character in|pmid=at position 8 (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Diaof M, Ba SA, Kane A, Sarr M, Diop IB, Diouf SM (2004). "[Tricuspid valve stenosis. A prospective study of 35 cases]". Dakar Med. 49 (2): 96–100. PMID 15786615.
- ↑ Aksu U, Topcu S (August 2015). "Giant right atrium due to rheumatic tricuspid valve stenosis". Int. J. Cardiol. 193: 47–8. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.049. PMID 26005174.
- ↑ Hirata K, Tengan T, Wake M, Takahashi T, Ishimine T, Yasumoto H, Nakasu A, Mototake H (September 2019). "Bioprosthetic tricuspid valve stenosis: a case series". Eur Heart J Case Rep. 3 (3). doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytz110. PMC 6764547 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31367735. - ↑ Hadjigeorge C, Papadopoulos A, Gialafos J, Georgiou V, Avgoustakis D (1976). "The contribution of right ventricular angiocardiography to the diagnosis of tricuspid valvular stenosis (Observations made on 3 patients)". Acta Cardiol. 31 (3): 201–8. PMID 1088029.
- ↑ "StatPearls". 2020. PMID 29763166.