Hypomagnesemia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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== Overview ==
== Overview ==
<br />
Hypomagnesemia can lead to neuromuscular, neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine, renal, and biochemical manifestations. <br />


== Natural history, complications, and prognosis ==
== Natural history, complications, and prognosis ==
Neuromuscular/Neurological Manifestations


Cardiovascular Manifestations


Arrhythmias
*[[Neuromuscular]]/Neurological Manifestations<ref name="pmid18568054">{{cite journal| author=Swaminathan R| title=Magnesium metabolism and its disorders. | journal=Clin Biochem Rev | year= 2003 | volume= 24 | issue= 2 | pages= 47-66 | pmid=18568054 | doi= | pmc=1855626 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18568054  }}</ref>


Hypertension  
*Cardiovascular Manifestations<ref name="pmid22087052">{{cite journal| author=Efstratiadis G, Sarigianni M, Gougourelas I| title=Hypomagnesemia and cardiovascular system. | journal=Hippokratia | year= 2006 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 147-52 | pmid=22087052 | doi= | pmc=2464251 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22087052  }}</ref><ref name="pmid15632887">{{cite journal| author=Cooper HA, Domanski MJ, Rosenberg Y, Norman J, Scott JH, Assmann SF | display-authors=etal| title=Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and prior stroke: an analysis from the Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) trial. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2004 | volume= 148 | issue= 6 | pages= 1012-9 | pmid=15632887 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2004.02.017 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15632887  }}</ref>
**[[Arrhythmias]]
**Hypertension
**Congestive Heart Failure
*[[Endocrine]] Manifestations
**Altered Glucose Homeostasis/Diabetic Complications<ref name="pmid17699436">{{cite journal| author=Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham SV, Miller JM, Pham PT| title=Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 2 | issue= 2 | pages= 366-73 | pmid=17699436 | doi=10.2215/CJN.02960906 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17699436  }}</ref>
**Osteoporosis
*Nephrolithiasis<ref name="pmid7825619">{{cite journal| author=Levy FL, Adams-Huet B, Pak CY| title=Ambulatory evaluation of nephrolithiasis: an update of a 1980 protocol. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1995 | volume= 98 | issue= 1 | pages= 50-9 | pmid=7825619 | doi=10.1016/S0002-9343(99)80080-1 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7825619  }}</ref>
*Biochemical Manifestations<ref name="pmid17804670">{{cite journal| author=Huang CL, Kuo E| title=Mechanism of hypokalemia in magnesium deficiency. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 18 | issue= 10 | pages= 2649-52 | pmid=17804670 | doi=10.1681/ASN.2007070792 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17804670  }}</ref><ref name="pmid8264516">{{cite journal| author=Ryan MP| title=Interrelationships of magnesium and potassium homeostasis. | journal=Miner Electrolyte Metab | year= 1993 | volume= 19 | issue= 4-5 | pages= 290-5 | pmid=8264516 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8264516  }}</ref>
**Hypokalemia
**Hypocalcemia


Congestive Heart Failure
<br />
 
Endocrine Manifestations
 
Altered Glucose Homeostasis/Diabetic Complications
 
Osteoporosis
 
Nephrolithiasis


Biochemical Manifestations
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
<br />
==References==
==References==


Latest revision as of 20:36, 13 April 2020

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Overview

Hypomagnesemia can lead to neuromuscular, neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine, renal, and biochemical manifestations.

Natural history, complications, and prognosis

  • Cardiovascular Manifestations[2][3]
  • Endocrine Manifestations
    • Altered Glucose Homeostasis/Diabetic Complications[4]
    • Osteoporosis
  • Nephrolithiasis[5]
  • Biochemical Manifestations[6][7]
    • Hypokalemia
    • Hypocalcemia


References

  1. ↑ Swaminathan R (2003). "Magnesium metabolism and its disorders". Clin Biochem Rev. 24 (2): 47–66. PMC 1855626. PMID 18568054.
  2. ↑ Efstratiadis G, Sarigianni M, Gougourelas I (2006). "Hypomagnesemia and cardiovascular system". Hippokratia. 10 (4): 147–52. PMC 2464251. PMID 22087052.
  3. ↑ Cooper HA, Domanski MJ, Rosenberg Y, Norman J, Scott JH, Assmann SF; et al. (2004). "Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and prior stroke: an analysis from the Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) trial". Am Heart J. 148 (6): 1012–9. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.02.017. PMID 15632887.
  4. ↑ Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham SV, Miller JM, Pham PT (2007). "Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2 (2): 366–73. doi:10.2215/CJN.02960906. PMID 17699436.
  5. ↑ Levy FL, Adams-Huet B, Pak CY (1995). "Ambulatory evaluation of nephrolithiasis: an update of a 1980 protocol". Am J Med. 98 (1): 50–9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(99)80080-1. PMID 7825619.
  6. ↑ Huang CL, Kuo E (2007). "Mechanism of hypokalemia in magnesium deficiency". J Am Soc Nephrol. 18 (10): 2649–52. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007070792. PMID 17804670.
  7. ↑ Ryan MP (1993). "Interrelationships of magnesium and potassium homeostasis". Miner Electrolyte Metab. 19 (4–5): 290–5. PMID 8264516.
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