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==Overview==
==Overview==
Common risk factors in the development of cervicitis include high-risk sexual behavior, history of [[sexually transmitted diseases]], sexual intercourse at an early age, sexual partners who have engaged in high-risk sexual behavior or have previous history of STD, single marital status, urban residence, low socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol or drug use , multiple sex partners, and [[bacterial vaginosis]].<ref name="pmid16453256">{{cite journal| author=Marrazzo JM, Wiesenfeld HC, Murray PJ, Busse B, Meyn L, Krohn M et al.| title=Risk factors for cervicitis among women with bacterial vaginosis. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 193 | issue= 5 | pages= 617-24 | pmid=16453256 | doi=10.1086/500149 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16453256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16453256">{{cite journal| author=Marrazzo JM, Wiesenfeld HC, Murray PJ, Busse B, Meyn L, Krohn M et al.| title=Risk factors for cervicitis among women with bacterial vaginosis. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 193 | issue= 5 | pages= 617-24 | pmid=16453256 | doi=10.1086/500149 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16453256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22706215">{{cite journal| author=Lewis DA, Chirwa TF, Msimang VM, Radebe FM, Kamb ML, Firnhaber CS| title=Urethritis/cervicitis pathogen prevalence and associated risk factors among asymptomatic HIV-infected patients in South Africa. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 39 | issue= 7 | pages= 531-6 | pmid=22706215 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31824cbecc | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22706215  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21192172">{{cite journal| author=Ramos BR, Polettini J, Marcolino LD, Vieira EP, Marques MA, Tristão AR et al.| title=Prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis in pregnant women at the genital tract infection in obstetrics unit care at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Brazil. | journal=J Low Genit Tract Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 20-4 | pmid=21192172 | doi=10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181ed3d58 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21192172  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18685547">{{cite journal| author=Nguyen TV, Van Khuu N, Thi Le TT, Nguyen AP, Cao V, Tham DC et al.| title=Sexually transmitted infections and risk factors for gonorrhea and chlamydia in female sex workers in Soc Trang, Vietnam. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 35 | issue= 11 | pages= 935-40 | pmid=18685547 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181812d03 | pmc=2903543 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18685547  }} </ref>
 
Common risk factors in the development of cervicitis include: high-risk sexual behavior, history of [[sexually transmitted diseases]], sexual intercourse at an early age, sexual partners who have engaged in high-risk sexual behavior or have a previous history of [[Sexually transmitted disease|STDs]], single marital status, urban residence, low socioeconomic status, [[smoking]], alcohol or drug use, multiple sexual partners, and [[bacterial vaginosis]].<ref name="pmid16453256">{{cite journal| author=Marrazzo JM, Wiesenfeld HC, Murray PJ, Busse B, Meyn L, Krohn M et al.| title=Risk factors for cervicitis among women with bacterial vaginosis. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 193 | issue= 5 | pages= 617-24 | pmid=16453256 | doi=10.1086/500149 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16453256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22706215">{{cite journal| author=Lewis DA, Chirwa TF, Msimang VM, Radebe FM, Kamb ML, Firnhaber CS| title=Urethritis/cervicitis pathogen prevalence and associated risk factors among asymptomatic HIV-infected patients in South Africa. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 39 | issue= 7 | pages= 531-6 | pmid=22706215 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31824cbecc | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22706215  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21192172">{{cite journal| author=Ramos BR, Polettini J, Marcolino LD, Vieira EP, Marques MA, Tristão AR et al.| title=Prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis in pregnant women at the genital tract infection in obstetrics unit care at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Brazil. | journal=J Low Genit Tract Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 20-4 | pmid=21192172 | doi=10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181ed3d58 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21192172  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18685547">{{cite journal| author=Nguyen TV, Van Khuu N, Thi Le TT, Nguyen AP, Cao V, Tham DC et al.| title=Sexually transmitted infections and risk factors for gonorrhea and chlamydia in female sex workers in Soc Trang, Vietnam. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 35 | issue= 11 | pages= 935-40 | pmid=18685547 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181812d03 | pmc=2903543 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18685547  }} </ref>


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
The risk factors of cervicitis include:<ref name="pmid16453256">{{cite journal| author=Marrazzo JM, Wiesenfeld HC, Murray PJ, Busse B, Meyn L, Krohn M et al.| title=Risk factors for cervicitis among women with bacterial vaginosis. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 193 | issue= 5 | pages= 617-24 | pmid=16453256 | doi=10.1086/500149 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16453256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16453256">{{cite journal| author=Marrazzo JM, Wiesenfeld HC, Murray PJ, Busse B, Meyn L, Krohn M et al.| title=Risk factors for cervicitis among women with bacterial vaginosis. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 193 | issue= 5 | pages= 617-24 | pmid=16453256 | doi=10.1086/500149 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16453256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22706215">{{cite journal| author=Lewis DA, Chirwa TF, Msimang VM, Radebe FM, Kamb ML, Firnhaber CS| title=Urethritis/cervicitis pathogen prevalence and associated risk factors among asymptomatic HIV-infected patients in South Africa. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 39 | issue= 7 | pages= 531-6 | pmid=22706215 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31824cbecc | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22706215  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21192172">{{cite journal| author=Ramos BR, Polettini J, Marcolino LD, Vieira EP, Marques MA, Tristão AR et al.| title=Prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis in pregnant women at the genital tract infection in obstetrics unit care at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Brazil. | journal=J Low Genit Tract Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 20-4 | pmid=21192172 | doi=10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181ed3d58 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21192172  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18685547">{{cite journal| author=Nguyen TV, Van Khuu N, Thi Le TT, Nguyen AP, Cao V, Tham DC et al.| title=Sexually transmitted infections and risk factors for gonorrhea and chlamydia in female sex workers in Soc Trang, Vietnam. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 35 | issue= 11 | pages= 935-40 | pmid=18685547 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181812d03 | pmc=2903543 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18685547  }} </ref>
 
The risk factors of cervicitis include:<ref name="pmid16453256">{{cite journal| author=Marrazzo JM, Wiesenfeld HC, Murray PJ, Busse B, Meyn L, Krohn M et al.| title=Risk factors for cervicitis among women with bacterial vaginosis. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 193 | issue= 5 | pages= 617-24 | pmid=16453256 | doi=10.1086/500149 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16453256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22706215">{{cite journal| author=Lewis DA, Chirwa TF, Msimang VM, Radebe FM, Kamb ML, Firnhaber CS| title=Urethritis/cervicitis pathogen prevalence and associated risk factors among asymptomatic HIV-infected patients in South Africa. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 39 | issue= 7 | pages= 531-6 | pmid=22706215 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31824cbecc | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22706215  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21192172">{{cite journal| author=Ramos BR, Polettini J, Marcolino LD, Vieira EP, Marques MA, Tristão AR et al.| title=Prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis in pregnant women at the genital tract infection in obstetrics unit care at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Brazil. | journal=J Low Genit Tract Dis | year= 2011 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 20-4 | pmid=21192172 | doi=10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181ed3d58 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21192172  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18685547">{{cite journal| author=Nguyen TV, Van Khuu N, Thi Le TT, Nguyen AP, Cao V, Tham DC et al.| title=Sexually transmitted infections and risk factors for gonorrhea and chlamydia in female sex workers in Soc Trang, Vietnam. | journal=Sex Transm Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 35 | issue= 11 | pages= 935-40 | pmid=18685547 | doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181812d03 | pmc=2903543 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18685547  }} </ref>


* High-risk sexual behavior
* High-risk sexual behavior
* History of [[STD]]s
* History of [[STD]]s
* Multiple sexual partners
* Multiple sexual partners
* Sex (intercourse) at an early age
* Sexual intercourse at an early age
* Sexual partners who have engaged in high-risk sexual behavior or have previous history of STD
* Sexual partners who have engaged in high-risk sexual behavior or have a previous history of [[Sexually transmitted disease|STDs]]
*Single marital status
*Single marital status
*Urban residence
*Urban residence
*Low socioeconomic status
*Low socioeconomic status
*smoking
*[[Smoking]]
*Alcohol or drug use
*Alcohol or drug use


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
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Latest revision as of 20:52, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of cervicitis include: high-risk sexual behavior, history of sexually transmitted diseases, sexual intercourse at an early age, sexual partners who have engaged in high-risk sexual behavior or have a previous history of STDs, single marital status, urban residence, low socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol or drug use, multiple sexual partners, and bacterial vaginosis.[1][2][3][4]

Risk Factors

The risk factors of cervicitis include:[1][2][3][4]

  • High-risk sexual behavior
  • History of STDs
  • Multiple sexual partners
  • Sexual intercourse at an early age
  • Sexual partners who have engaged in high-risk sexual behavior or have a previous history of STDs
  • Single marital status
  • Urban residence
  • Low socioeconomic status
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol or drug use

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Marrazzo JM, Wiesenfeld HC, Murray PJ, Busse B, Meyn L, Krohn M; et al. (2006). "Risk factors for cervicitis among women with bacterial vaginosis". J Infect Dis. 193 (5): 617–24. doi:10.1086/500149. PMID 16453256.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lewis DA, Chirwa TF, Msimang VM, Radebe FM, Kamb ML, Firnhaber CS (2012). "Urethritis/cervicitis pathogen prevalence and associated risk factors among asymptomatic HIV-infected patients in South Africa". Sex Transm Dis. 39 (7): 531–6. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31824cbecc. PMID 22706215.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ramos BR, Polettini J, Marcolino LD, Vieira EP, Marques MA, Tristão AR; et al. (2011). "Prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis in pregnant women at the genital tract infection in obstetrics unit care at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Brazil". J Low Genit Tract Dis. 15 (1): 20–4. doi:10.1097/LGT.0b013e3181ed3d58. PMID 21192172.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Nguyen TV, Van Khuu N, Thi Le TT, Nguyen AP, Cao V, Tham DC; et al. (2008). "Sexually transmitted infections and risk factors for gonorrhea and chlamydia in female sex workers in Soc Trang, Vietnam". Sex Transm Dis. 35 (11): 935–40. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181812d03. PMC 2903543. PMID 18685547.


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