Congenital rubella syndrome natural history: Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 21:04, 29 July 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
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Differentiating Congenital Rubella Syndrome from other Diseases |
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Overview
Congenital rubella syndrome can cause serious birth defects and the prognosis depends on the severity of the problem. Heart defects can be corrected but neurological damage is permanent.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Natural History
If malformations associated with congenital rubella syndrome are not addressed, infants may end-up blind, deaf, and with severe mental deficits.
Complications
Maternal infection with rubella early in pregnancy can result in severe consequences on the fetus, which include spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, IUGR, and congenital rubella syndrome.[7] Complications of congenital rubella syndrome itself include several birth defects, which can result in early and late complications.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Early Complications
| Organ System Involved | Complication |
|---|---|
| HEENT | |
| Neurological | |
| Cardiac |
Late Complications
| Organ System Involved | Complication |
|---|---|
| HEENT | Glaucoma |
| Endocrine | |
| Neurological/ Psychiatric |
Prognosis
The prognosis of congenital rubella syndrome depends on the severity of cardiac and neurological malformations. It is estimated that congenital rubella syndrome has a mortality rate of 20%.[8] In addition, congenital rubella syndrome is associated with various long-term complications[1][2][3][4][5][6], which affect the quality of life of individuals.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A (2006). "Rubella infection in pregnancy". Reprod. Toxicol. 21 (4): 390–8. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014. PMID 16580940.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lambert N, Strebel P, Orenstein W, Icenogle J, Poland GA (2015). "Rubella". Lancet. 385 (9984): 2297–307. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60539-0. PMC 4514442. PMID 25576992.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Webster WS (1998). "Teratogen update: congenital rubella". Teratology. 58 (1): 13–23. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199807)58:1<13::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 9699240.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Neu N, Duchon J, Zachariah P (2015). "TORCH infections". Clin Perinatol. 42 (1): 77–103, viii. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2014.11.001. PMID 25677998.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ajij M, Nangia S, Dubey BS (2014). "Congenital rubella syndrome with blueberry muffin lesions and extensive metaphysitis". J Clin Diagn Res. 8 (12): PD03–4. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2014/10271.5293. PMC 4316306. PMID 25654000.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Bouthry E, Picone O, Hamdi G, Grangeot-Keros L, Ayoubi JM, Vauloup-Fellous C (2014). "Rubella and pregnancy: diagnosis, management and outcomes". Prenat. Diagn. 34 (13): 1246–53. doi:10.1002/pd.4467. PMID 25066688.
- ↑ Silasi M, Cardenas I, Kwon JY, Racicot K, Aldo P, Mor G (2015). "Viral infections during pregnancy". Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 73 (3): 199–213. doi:10.1111/aji.12355. PMC 4610031. PMID 25582523.
- ↑ GREGG NM (1947). "Congenital defects associated with maternal rubella". Aust Hosp. 14 (11): 7–9. PMID 18914301.