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==Prevention== | ==Primary Prevention== | ||
Dehydration is best avoided by drinking plenty of water. The greater the amount of water lost through perspiration, the more water must be consumed to replace it and avoid dehydration. Since the body cannot tolerate large deficits or excesses in total body water, consumption of water must be roughly concurrent with the loss (in other words, if one is perspiring, one should also be drinking water frequently). Drinking water slightly beyond the needs of the body entails no risk, since the kidneys will efficiently remove any excess water through the urine with a large margin of safety. | Dehydration is best avoided by drinking plenty of water. The greater the amount of water lost through [[perspiration]], the more water must be consumed to replace it and avoid dehydration. Since the body cannot tolerate large deficits or excesses in total body water, consumption of water must be roughly concurrent with the loss (in other words, if one is perspiring, one should also be drinking water frequently). Drinking water slightly beyond the needs of the body entails no risk, since the kidneys will efficiently remove any excess water through the urine with a large margin of safety. | ||
A person's body, during an average day in a temperate climate such as the United Kingdom, loses approximately 2.5 [[litre]]s of water. This can be through the [[lung]]s as water vapor, through the [[skin]] as [[sweat]], or through the [[kidney]]s as [[urine]]. Some water (a less significant amount, in the absence of [[diarrhea]]) is also lost through the [[bowel]]s. In warm or humid weather or during heavy exertion, however, the water loss can increase by an order of magnitude or more through perspiration;all of which must be promptly replaced. In extreme cases, the losses may be great enough to exceed the body's ability to absorb water from the gastrointestinal tract; in these cases, it is not possible to drink enough water to stay hydrated, and the only way to avoid dehydration is to reduce perspiration (through rest, a move to a cooler environment, etc.). | A person's body, during an average day in a temperate climate such as the United Kingdom, loses approximately 2.5 [[litre]]s of water. This can be through the [[lung]]s as [[water vapor]], through the [[skin]] as [[sweat]], or through the [[kidney]]s as [[urine]]. Some water (a less significant amount, in the absence of [[diarrhea]]) is also lost through the [[bowel]]s. In warm or humid weather or during heavy exertion, however, the water loss can increase by an order of magnitude or more through perspiration;all of which must be promptly replaced. In extreme cases, the losses may be great enough to exceed the body's ability to absorb water from the [[gastrointestinal tract]]; in these cases, it is not possible to drink enough water to stay hydrated, and the only way to avoid dehydration is to reduce perspiration (through rest, a move to a cooler environment, etc.). | ||
A useful rule of thumb for avoiding dehydration in hot or humid environments or during strenuous activity involves | A useful rule of thumb for avoiding dehydration in hot or humid environments or during strenuous activity involves [[monitor]]ing the [[frequency]] and character of urination. If one develops a full [[bladder]] at least every 3-5 hours and the urine is only lightly colored or colorless, chances are that dehydration is not occurring; if urine is deeply colored, or urination occurs only after many hours or not at all, water intake may not be adequate to maintain proper hydration. | ||
When large amounts of water are being lost through perspiration and concurrently replaced by drinking, maintaining proper electrolyte balance becomes an issue. Drinking fluids that are hypertonic or hypotonic with respect to perspiration may have grave consequences ([[hyponatremia]] or [[hypernatremia]], principally) as the total volume of water turnover increases. | When large amounts of water are being lost through perspiration and concurrently replaced by drinking, maintaining proper [[electrolyte]] balance becomes an issue. Drinking fluids that are [[hypertonic]] or [[hypotonic]] with respect to perspiration may have grave consequences ([[hyponatremia]] or [[hypernatremia]], principally) as the total volume of water turnover increases. | ||
If water is being lost through abnormal mechanisms such as [[vomiting]] or [[diarrhea]], an imbalance can develop very quickly into a medical emergency. In fact, the main mechanisms through which diseases such as [[infantile diarrhea]] and [[cholera]] kill their victims are dehydration and loss of electrolytes. | If water is being lost through abnormal mechanisms such as [[vomiting]] or [[diarrhea]], an imbalance can develop very quickly into a medical emergency. In fact, the main mechanisms through which diseases such as [[infantile diarrhea]] and [[cholera]] kill their victims are dehydration and loss of electrolytes. | ||
During sports events, water stops and water breaks are provided to avoid dehydration of athletes. | During sports events, water stops and water breaks are provided to avoid dehydration of athletes. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category: | [[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Electrolyte disturbance]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Nutrition]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Causes of death]] | ||
[[Category:Inborn errors of metabolism]] | |||
[[Category:Physical examination]] | |||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Needs Overview]] | [[Category:Needs Overview]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:15, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[3]
Primary Prevention
Dehydration is best avoided by drinking plenty of water. The greater the amount of water lost through perspiration, the more water must be consumed to replace it and avoid dehydration. Since the body cannot tolerate large deficits or excesses in total body water, consumption of water must be roughly concurrent with the loss (in other words, if one is perspiring, one should also be drinking water frequently). Drinking water slightly beyond the needs of the body entails no risk, since the kidneys will efficiently remove any excess water through the urine with a large margin of safety.
A person's body, during an average day in a temperate climate such as the United Kingdom, loses approximately 2.5 litres of water. This can be through the lungs as water vapor, through the skin as sweat, or through the kidneys as urine. Some water (a less significant amount, in the absence of diarrhea) is also lost through the bowels. In warm or humid weather or during heavy exertion, however, the water loss can increase by an order of magnitude or more through perspiration;all of which must be promptly replaced. In extreme cases, the losses may be great enough to exceed the body's ability to absorb water from the gastrointestinal tract; in these cases, it is not possible to drink enough water to stay hydrated, and the only way to avoid dehydration is to reduce perspiration (through rest, a move to a cooler environment, etc.).
A useful rule of thumb for avoiding dehydration in hot or humid environments or during strenuous activity involves monitoring the frequency and character of urination. If one develops a full bladder at least every 3-5 hours and the urine is only lightly colored or colorless, chances are that dehydration is not occurring; if urine is deeply colored, or urination occurs only after many hours or not at all, water intake may not be adequate to maintain proper hydration.
When large amounts of water are being lost through perspiration and concurrently replaced by drinking, maintaining proper electrolyte balance becomes an issue. Drinking fluids that are hypertonic or hypotonic with respect to perspiration may have grave consequences (hyponatremia or hypernatremia, principally) as the total volume of water turnover increases.
If water is being lost through abnormal mechanisms such as vomiting or diarrhea, an imbalance can develop very quickly into a medical emergency. In fact, the main mechanisms through which diseases such as infantile diarrhea and cholera kill their victims are dehydration and loss of electrolytes.
During sports events, water stops and water breaks are provided to avoid dehydration of athletes.