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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common [[risk factors]] for the development of dyspepsia include, [[Helicobacter pylori]] infection, chronic use of [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[family history]] of [[peptic ulcer disease]], [[emotional stress]], increased intake of high-fiber diet, overconsumption of [[caffeine]], high-fat and greasy foods. Less common [[risk factors]] for the development of dyspepsia include [[tobacco]], [[alcohol]] consumption, [[psychological stress]] and [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]. | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
[[Risk factors]] for the development of dyspepsia can be divided into common and less common [[risk factors]], which include the following:<ref name="pmid11809181">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Hunt RH |title=Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic-ulcer disease: a meta-analysis |journal=Lancet |volume=359 |issue=9300 |pages=14–22 |year=2002 |pmid=11809181 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07273-2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11336566">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ballinger A, Smith G |title=COX-2 inhibitors vs. NSAIDs in gastrointestinal damage and prevention |journal=Expert Opin Pharmacother |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=31–40 |year=2001 |pmid=11336566 |doi=10.1517/14656566.2.1.31 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1855677">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holvoet J, Terriere L, Van Hee W, Verbist L, Fierens E, Hautekeete ML |title=Relation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin: a case-control study |journal=Gut |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=730–4 |year=1991 |pmid=1855677 |pmc=1378985 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1670734">{{cite journal |vauthors=Laporte JR, Carné X, Vidal X, Moreno V, Juan J |title=Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in relation to previous use of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Catalan Countries Study on Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding |journal=Lancet |volume=337 |issue=8733 |pages=85–9 |year=1991 |pmid=1670734 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12948263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wachirawat W, Hanucharurnkul S, Suriyawongpaisal P, Boonyapisit S, Levenstein S, Jearanaisilavong J, Atisook K, Boontong T, Theerabutr C |title=Stress, but not Helicobacter pylori, is associated with peptic ulcer disease in a Thai population |journal=J Med Assoc Thai |volume=86 |issue=7 |pages=672–85 |year=2003 |pmid=12948263 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12524398">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rosenstock S, Jørgensen T, Bonnevie O, Andersen L |title=Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease: a population based prospective cohort study comprising 2416 Danish adults |journal=Gut |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=186–93 |year=2003 |pmid=12524398 |pmc=1774958 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11876703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stack WA, Atherton JC, Hawkey GM, Logan RF, Hawkey CJ |title=Interactions between Helicobacter pylori and other risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=497–506 |year=2002 |pmid=11876703 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9521179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Everhart JE, Byrd-Holt D, Sonnenberg A |title=Incidence and risk factors for self-reported peptic ulcer disease in the United States |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=147 |issue=6 |pages=529–36 |year=1998 |pmid=9521179 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="pmid11809181">{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Hunt RH |title=Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic-ulcer disease: a meta-analysis |journal=Lancet |volume=359 |issue=9300 |pages=14–22 |year=2002 |pmid=11809181 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07273-2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11336566">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ballinger A, Smith G |title=COX-2 inhibitors vs. NSAIDs in gastrointestinal damage and prevention |journal=Expert Opin Pharmacother |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=31–40 |year=2001 |pmid=11336566 |doi=10.1517/14656566.2.1.31 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1855677">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holvoet J, Terriere L, Van Hee W, Verbist L, Fierens E, Hautekeete ML |title=Relation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin: a case-control study |journal=Gut |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=730–4 |year=1991 |pmid=1855677 |pmc=1378985 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1670734">{{cite journal |vauthors=Laporte JR, Carné X, Vidal X, Moreno V, Juan J |title=Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in relation to previous use of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Catalan Countries Study on Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding |journal=Lancet |volume=337 |issue=8733 |pages=85–9 |year=1991 |pmid=1670734 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12948263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wachirawat W, Hanucharurnkul S, Suriyawongpaisal P, Boonyapisit S, Levenstein S, Jearanaisilavong J, Atisook K, Boontong T, Theerabutr C |title=Stress, but not Helicobacter pylori, is associated with peptic ulcer disease in a Thai population |journal=J Med Assoc Thai |volume=86 |issue=7 |pages=672–85 |year=2003 |pmid=12948263 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12524398">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rosenstock S, Jørgensen T, Bonnevie O, Andersen L |title=Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease: a population based prospective cohort study comprising 2416 Danish adults |journal=Gut |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=186–93 |year=2003 |pmid=12524398 |pmc=1774958 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11876703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stack WA, Atherton JC, Hawkey GM, Logan RF, Hawkey CJ |title=Interactions between Helicobacter pylori and other risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=497–506 |year=2002 |pmid=11876703 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9521179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Everhart JE, Byrd-Holt D, Sonnenberg A |title=Incidence and risk factors for self-reported peptic ulcer disease in the United States |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=147 |issue=6 |pages=529–36 |year=1998 |pmid=9521179 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
=== Common risk factors === | === Common risk factors === | ||
Common risk factors in the development of dyspepsia include: | Common [[risk factors]] in the development of dyspepsia include: | ||
*[[Helicobacter pylori infection]] | *[[Helicobacter pylori infection]] | ||
*Chronic use of [[NSAIDs]] | *Chronic use of [[NSAIDs]] | ||
*Family history of [[peptic ulcer]] | *[[Family history]] of [[peptic ulcer]] | ||
*Eating meals too quickly | *Eating meals too quickly | ||
*Emotional stress while eating | *Emotional stress while eating | ||
*Overabundance of high-fiber foods | *Overabundance of high-fiber foods | ||
*Overconsumption of caffeine | *Overconsumption of [[caffeine]] | ||
*Spicy, high-fat, and greasy foods | *Spicy, high-fat, and greasy foods | ||
*Too much food at meals | *Too much food at meals | ||
===Less | ===Less common risk factors=== | ||
Less common risk factors in the development of dyspepsia include: | Less common [[risk factors]] in the development of dyspepsia include: | ||
*[[Tobacco]] | *[[Tobacco]] | ||
*[[Alcohol]] | *[[Alcohol]] | ||
| Line 30: | Line 29: | ||
*Rare conditions associated with [[Gastric acid|gastric acid hypersecretion]] such as: | *Rare conditions associated with [[Gastric acid|gastric acid hypersecretion]] such as: | ||
**[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]], [[mastocytosis]], or a retained antrum following partial [[gastrectomy]] | **[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]], [[mastocytosis]], or a retained antrum following partial [[gastrectomy]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Gastrinoma]] or [[multiple endocrine neoplasia]] type I ([[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1|MEN-I]]), [[Antrum|antral]] [[G cell]] [[hyperplasia]], [[basophilic]] [[leukemias]], [[short bowel syndrome]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:30, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Common risk factors for the development of dyspepsia include, Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic use of NSAIDs, family history of peptic ulcer disease, emotional stress, increased intake of high-fiber diet, overconsumption of caffeine, high-fat and greasy foods. Less common risk factors for the development of dyspepsia include tobacco, alcohol consumption, psychological stress and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for the development of dyspepsia can be divided into common and less common risk factors, which include the following:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Common risk factors
Common risk factors in the development of dyspepsia include:
- Helicobacter pylori infection
- Chronic use of NSAIDs
- Family history of peptic ulcer
- Eating meals too quickly
- Emotional stress while eating
- Overabundance of high-fiber foods
- Overconsumption of caffeine
- Spicy, high-fat, and greasy foods
- Too much food at meals
Less common risk factors
Less common risk factors in the development of dyspepsia include:
- Tobacco
- Alcohol
- Psychological stress
- Nosocomial stress ulcers due the to the use of mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, and coagulopathy
- Rare conditions associated with gastric acid hypersecretion such as:
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, mastocytosis, or a retained antrum following partial gastrectomy
- Gastrinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN-I), antral G cell hyperplasia, basophilic leukemias, short bowel syndrome
References
- ↑ Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Hunt RH (2002). "Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic-ulcer disease: a meta-analysis". Lancet. 359 (9300): 14–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07273-2. PMID 11809181.
- ↑ Ballinger A, Smith G (2001). "COX-2 inhibitors vs. NSAIDs in gastrointestinal damage and prevention". Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2 (1): 31–40. doi:10.1517/14656566.2.1.31. PMID 11336566.
- ↑ Holvoet J, Terriere L, Van Hee W, Verbist L, Fierens E, Hautekeete ML (1991). "Relation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin: a case-control study". Gut. 32 (7): 730–4. PMC 1378985. PMID 1855677.
- ↑ Laporte JR, Carné X, Vidal X, Moreno V, Juan J (1991). "Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in relation to previous use of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Catalan Countries Study on Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding". Lancet. 337 (8733): 85–9. PMID 1670734.
- ↑ Wachirawat W, Hanucharurnkul S, Suriyawongpaisal P, Boonyapisit S, Levenstein S, Jearanaisilavong J, Atisook K, Boontong T, Theerabutr C (2003). "Stress, but not Helicobacter pylori, is associated with peptic ulcer disease in a Thai population". J Med Assoc Thai. 86 (7): 672–85. PMID 12948263.
- ↑ Rosenstock S, Jørgensen T, Bonnevie O, Andersen L (2003). "Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease: a population based prospective cohort study comprising 2416 Danish adults". Gut. 52 (2): 186–93. PMC 1774958. PMID 12524398.
- ↑ Stack WA, Atherton JC, Hawkey GM, Logan RF, Hawkey CJ (2002). "Interactions between Helicobacter pylori and other risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 16 (3): 497–506. PMID 11876703.
- ↑ Everhart JE, Byrd-Holt D, Sonnenberg A (1998). "Incidence and risk factors for self-reported peptic ulcer disease in the United States". Am. J. Epidemiol. 147 (6): 529–36. PMID 9521179.