Hand-foot-and-mouth disease risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Hand-foot-and-mouth disease}} | {{Hand-foot-and-mouth disease}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AKI}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The risk factors predisposing for hand foot mouth disease include: close contact with infected patient, attendance at a kindergarten/child care center, residence in rural areas and poor hygiene. | |||
== Risk Factors == | == Risk Factors == | ||
The risk factors for development of hand foot mouth disease include: | The risk factors for development of hand foot mouth disease include: | ||
*Close contact with infected patient | *Close contact with infected patient | ||
* Attendance at a kindergarten/child care center | |||
* Residence in rural areas | |||
* Overcrowding | |||
* Poor hygiene | |||
* Low socioeconomic status | |||
*Sharing toys with other children<ref name="WuZhu2014">{{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Guiyun|last2=Zhu|first2=Weibo|last3=Gao|first3=Yuexia|last4=Li|first4=Yichen|last5=Chen|first5=Dexi|last6=Duan|first6=Zhiqing|last7=Wang|first7=Qi|last8=Xiao|first8=Jing|title=The Risk Factors of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Chinese Mainland People|journal=The Indian Journal of Pediatrics|volume=81|issue=12|year=2014|pages=1405–1406|issn=0019-5456|doi=10.1007/s12098-014-1420-9}}</ref> | *Sharing toys with other children<ref name="WuZhu2014">{{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Guiyun|last2=Zhu|first2=Weibo|last3=Gao|first3=Yuexia|last4=Li|first4=Yichen|last5=Chen|first5=Dexi|last6=Duan|first6=Zhiqing|last7=Wang|first7=Qi|last8=Xiao|first8=Jing|title=The Risk Factors of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Chinese Mainland People|journal=The Indian Journal of Pediatrics|volume=81|issue=12|year=2014|pages=1405–1406|issn=0019-5456|doi=10.1007/s12098-014-1420-9}}</ref> | ||
*Not washing hands before meal and after using the toilet<ref name="WuZhu2014">{{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Guiyun|last2=Zhu|first2=Weibo|last3=Gao|first3=Yuexia|last4=Li|first4=Yichen|last5=Chen|first5=Dexi|last6=Duan|first6=Zhiqing|last7=Wang|first7=Qi|last8=Xiao|first8=Jing|title=The Risk Factors of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Chinese Mainland People|journal=The Indian Journal of Pediatrics|volume=81|issue=12|year=2014|pages=1405–1406|issn=0019-5456|doi=10.1007/s12098-014-1420-9}}</ref> | *Not washing hands before meal and after using the toilet<ref name="WuZhu2014">{{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Guiyun|last2=Zhu|first2=Weibo|last3=Gao|first3=Yuexia|last4=Li|first4=Yichen|last5=Chen|first5=Dexi|last6=Duan|first6=Zhiqing|last7=Wang|first7=Qi|last8=Xiao|first8=Jing|title=The Risk Factors of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Chinese Mainland People|journal=The Indian Journal of Pediatrics|volume=81|issue=12|year=2014|pages=1405–1406|issn=0019-5456|doi=10.1007/s12098-014-1420-9}}</ref> | ||
*Risk factors predisposing patients for the | *Risk factors predisposing the patients for the developing severe manifestations of [[Hand-foot-and-mouth disease|hand foot mouth disease]] include:<ref name="pmid27276744">{{cite journal| author=Owatanapanich S, Wutthanarungsan R, Jaksupa W, Thisyakorn U| title=Risk Factors for Severe Enteroviral Infections in Children. | journal=J Med Assoc Thai | year= 2016 | volume= 99 | issue= 3 | pages= 322-30 | pmid=27276744 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27276744 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26521518">{{cite journal| author=Owatanapanich S, Wutthanarungsan R, Jaksupa W, Thisyakorn U| title=RISK FACTORS FOR SEVERE HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE. | journal=Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health | year= 2015 | volume= 46 | issue= 3 | pages= 449-59 | pmid=26521518 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26521518 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24577041">{{cite journal| author=He Y, Yang J, Zeng G, Shen T, Fontaine RE, Zhang L et al.| title=Risk factors for critical disease and death from hand, foot and mouth disease. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2014 | volume= 33 | issue= 9 | pages= 966-70 | pmid=24577041 | doi=10.1097/INF.0000000000000319 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24577041 }} </ref> | ||
**Infection in children age of less than one year | **Infection in children age of less than one year | ||
**Body temperature greater than 39.0°C | **[[Body temperature]] greater than 39.0°C | ||
**Duration of fever greater than three days | **Duration of [[fever]] greater than three days | ||
**Absence of skin | **Absence of [[skin lesion]]<nowiki/>s, [[diarrhea]], [[dyspnea]], and [[hyperglycemia]] | ||
**Vomiting | **[[Vomiting]] | ||
**Increased neutrophil count<ref name="pmid24832848">{{cite journal| author=Fang Y, Wang S, Zhang L, Guo Z, Huang Z, Tu C et al.| title=Risk factors of severe hand, foot and mouth disease: a meta-analysis. | journal=Scand J Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 46 | issue= 7 | pages= 515-22 | pmid=24832848 | doi=10.3109/00365548.2014.907929 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24832848 }} </ref> | **Increased [[neutrophil]] count<ref name="pmid24832848">{{cite journal| author=Fang Y, Wang S, Zhang L, Guo Z, Huang Z, Tu C et al.| title=Risk factors of severe hand, foot and mouth disease: a meta-analysis. | journal=Scand J Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 46 | issue= 7 | pages= 515-22 | pmid=24832848 | doi=10.3109/00365548.2014.907929 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24832848 }} </ref> | ||
**Respiratory rate greater than 24/minute<ref name="pmid24489943">{{cite journal| author=Li W, Teng G, Tong H, Jiao Y, Zhang T, Chen H et al.| title=Study on risk factors for severe hand, foot and mouth disease in China. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 1 | pages= e87603 | pmid=24489943 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087603 | pmc=3906182 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24489943 }} </ref> | **[[Respiratory rate]] greater than 24/minute<ref name="pmid24489943">{{cite journal| author=Li W, Teng G, Tong H, Jiao Y, Zhang T, Chen H et al.| title=Study on risk factors for severe hand, foot and mouth disease in China. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 1 | pages= e87603 | pmid=24489943 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087603 | pmc=3906182 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24489943 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Viral diseases]] | [[Category:Viral diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:57, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
The risk factors predisposing for hand foot mouth disease include: close contact with infected patient, attendance at a kindergarten/child care center, residence in rural areas and poor hygiene.
Risk Factors
The risk factors for development of hand foot mouth disease include:
- Close contact with infected patient
- Attendance at a kindergarten/child care center
- Residence in rural areas
- Overcrowding
- Poor hygiene
- Low socioeconomic status
- Sharing toys with other children[1]
- Not washing hands before meal and after using the toilet[1]
- Risk factors predisposing the patients for the developing severe manifestations of hand foot mouth disease include:[2][3][4]
- Infection in children age of less than one year
- Body temperature greater than 39.0°C
- Duration of fever greater than three days
- Absence of skin lesions, diarrhea, dyspnea, and hyperglycemia
- Vomiting
- Increased neutrophil count[5]
- Respiratory rate greater than 24/minute[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wu, Guiyun; Zhu, Weibo; Gao, Yuexia; Li, Yichen; Chen, Dexi; Duan, Zhiqing; Wang, Qi; Xiao, Jing (2014). "The Risk Factors of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Chinese Mainland People". The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 81 (12): 1405–1406. doi:10.1007/s12098-014-1420-9. ISSN 0019-5456.
- ↑ Owatanapanich S, Wutthanarungsan R, Jaksupa W, Thisyakorn U (2016). "Risk Factors for Severe Enteroviral Infections in Children". J Med Assoc Thai. 99 (3): 322–30. PMID 27276744.
- ↑ Owatanapanich S, Wutthanarungsan R, Jaksupa W, Thisyakorn U (2015). "RISK FACTORS FOR SEVERE HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE". Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 46 (3): 449–59. PMID 26521518.
- ↑ He Y, Yang J, Zeng G, Shen T, Fontaine RE, Zhang L; et al. (2014). "Risk factors for critical disease and death from hand, foot and mouth disease". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 33 (9): 966–70. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000000319. PMID 24577041.
- ↑ Fang Y, Wang S, Zhang L, Guo Z, Huang Z, Tu C; et al. (2014). "Risk factors of severe hand, foot and mouth disease: a meta-analysis". Scand J Infect Dis. 46 (7): 515–22. doi:10.3109/00365548.2014.907929. PMID 24832848.
- ↑ Li W, Teng G, Tong H, Jiao Y, Zhang T, Chen H; et al. (2014). "Study on risk factors for severe hand, foot and mouth disease in China". PLoS One. 9 (1): e87603. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087603. PMC 3906182. PMID 24489943.