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'''For patient information, click [[Knee pain/swelling (patient information)|here]]'''
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   Image          = Knee swelling in osteosarcoma.jpg|
   Image          = Knee swelling in osteosarcoma.jpg|
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{{SI}}
{{Knee pain/swelling}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


{{Editor Help}}
==[[Knee pain/swelling overview|Overview]]==


The most common reasons of knee pain can include;
==[[Knee pain/swelling historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==Differential diagnosis of knee pain/swelling==
===Common causes===
====Acute knee pain====
* Ligament injuries
* Tendon injuries ([[tendinitis]])
* Meniscus injuries
* Loose body
* Dislocated kneecap
* [[Osgood-Schlatter disease]]
* [[Iliotibial band syndrome]]
* Hyperextended knee
* Septic arthritis


====Chronic knee pain====
==[[Knee pain/swelling classification|Classification]]==
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
* [[Osteoarthritis]]
* [[Gout]]
* [[Chondromalacia]] of the [[patella]], or patellofemoral pain


=== Complete differential diagnosis of causes of knee pain/sweling===
==[[Knee pain/swelling pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
* Acute gouty arthritis
* [[Still's Disease|Adult Still's Disease]]
* Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
* [[Baker's cyst]]
* Bone, ligament or cartilage damage
* [[Bursitis]]
* [[Chondromalacia patellae]]
* Chronic gouty arthritis
* Discoid meniscus
* Gonococcemia
* Hip or foot/ankle disease with referred pain to the knee
* [[Iliotibial Band Syndrome]]
* Joint effusion
* Joint infection
* Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injury
* [[Malignancy]]
* Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury
* Meniscus tear
* [[Osgood-Schlatter Disease]]
* [[Osteoarthritis]]
* [[Osteochondritis Dissecans]] (OCD)
* [[Osteomyelitis]]
* [[Osteosarcoma]]
* Patellofemoral syndrome
* Pes anserine bursitis
* Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury
* Pseudogout
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]
* [[Reiter's Syndrome]]
* [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
* [[Scleroderma]]
* [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]


== Diagnosis ==  
==[[Knee pain/swelling causes|Causes]]==


=== History and Symptoms ===
==[[Knee pain/swelling differential diagnosis|Differentiating Knee pain/swelling from Other Diseases]]==
* Gait abnormalities
* [[Swelling]]
* Erythema
* Deformity
* Muscle atrophy


=== Physical Examination ===
==[[Knee pain/swelling epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
* Range of motion
* Palpate area of concern
* "Milk the joint"
* McMurray circumduction test
* Ligament testing


== Laboratory Findings ==
==[[Knee pain/swelling risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
* [[Complete blood count]]
* [[C-reactive protein]]
* [[Uric acid]]
* [[Alkaline phosphatase]]
* [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] ([[ESR]])


=== X-Ray ===
==[[Knee pain/swelling natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
* Anteroposterior, lateral and merchant (or sunrise) films of both knees
* Tunnel views of knee
* Merchant and sunrise of the patella


=== MRI and CT ===
==Diagnosis==
* MRI for confirmation of suspected diagnosis
[[Knee pain/swelling history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Knee pain/swelling physical examination|Physical Examination]]| [[Knee pain/swelling laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Knee pain/swelling x ray|X Ray]] | [[Knee pain/swelling CT|CT]] | [[Knee pain/swelling MRI|MRI]] | [[Knee pain/swelling ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Knee pain/swelling other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Knee pain/swelling other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


=== Other Diagnostic Studies ===
==Treatment==
* Bone scan
[[Knee pain/swelling medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Knee pain/swelling surgery|Surgery]] | [[Knee pain/swelling primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Knee pain/swelling cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Knee pain/swelling future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
* Joint aspiration
== Treatment ==
* Conservative therapy is best
* Lifestyle changes
* Physical therapy
* Exercise


== Pharmacotherapy ==
== Case Studies ==
 
[[Knee pain/swelling case study one|Case #1]]
=== Acute Pharmacotherapies ===
{{WH}}
* Anti-inflammatory medications
{{WS}}
* Joint medications
* Antibiotics
 
== Surgery and Device Based Therapy ==
* Surgery necessary for most ACL injuries
* Meniscal tears may require surgical repair
* Joint infection requires surgery (emergency)
* Surgery may be necessary for osteoarthritis, if conservative treatment fails
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
== Acknowledgements ==
The content on this page was first contributed by [[C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]]
 
List of contributors:
----
 
== Suggested Reading and Key General References ==
 
== Suggested Links and Web Resources ==
 
== For Patients ==
 
{{SIB}}  


[[Category:Musculoskeletal Disease]]
[[Category:Musculoskeletal Disease]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Medical signs]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]
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Latest revision as of 22:27, 29 July 2020

For patient information, click here

Knee pain/swelling


Knee pain/swelling Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Knee Pain/swelling from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Knee pain/swelling On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

[1]

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Knee pain/swelling

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X-rays
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MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

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NICE Guidance

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pain/swelling in the news

Blogs on Knee pain/swelling

Directions to Hospitals TreatingKnee pain/swelling

Risk calculators and risk factors for Knee pain/swelling

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Knee pain/swelling from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination| Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1 Template:WH Template:WS

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