Multiple sclerosis primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Template:Multiple sclerosis}} | {{Template:Multiple sclerosis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Fs}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Effective measures for the [[primary prevention]] of multiple sclerosis include: [[Vitamin D]] supplement, [[smoking]] cessation, and early exposure to [[infection]]. | Effective measures for the [[primary prevention]] of multiple sclerosis include: [[Vitamin D]] supplement, [[smoking]] cessation, and early exposure to [[infection]]<nowiki/>s. | ||
==Primary Prevention== | ==Primary Prevention== | ||
Effective measures for the [[primary prevention]] of multiple sclerosis include: | Effective measures for the [[primary prevention]] of multiple sclerosis include: | ||
* [[Vitamin D]] supplement: There is some evidence demonstrating that 1000 to 4000 IU [[vitamin D]] supplement daily can reduce the [[incidence]] of multiple sclerosis.<ref name="pmid15671234">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hollis BW |title=Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D |journal=J. Nutr. |volume=135 |issue=2 |pages=317–22 |date=February 2005 |pmid=15671234 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15776217">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Vieth R |title=Estimates of optimal vitamin D status |journal=Osteoporos Int |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=713–6 |date=July 2005 |pmid=15776217 |doi=10.1007/s00198-005-1867-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10232622">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vieth R |title=Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=842–56 |date=May 1999 |pmid=10232622 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* Smoking cessation: [[Smoking]] cessation proved to be beneficial in reducing the [[incidence]] of MS disease.<ref name="pmid11427406">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hernán MA, Olek MJ, Ascherio A |title=Cigarette smoking and incidence of multiple sclerosis |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=154 |issue=1 |pages=69–74 |date=July 2001 |pmid=11427406 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
[[Smoking]] cessation proved to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of MS disease.<ref name="pmid11427406">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hernán MA, Olek MJ, Ascherio A |title=Cigarette smoking and incidence of multiple sclerosis |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=154 |issue=1 |pages=69–74 |date=July 2001 |pmid=11427406 |doi= | |||
* Early exposure to infections: [[EBV infection]] in childhood is not a severe disease, but in adults, it can presents as [[infectious mononucleosis]]. The similarity between the [[prevalence]] of [[infectious mononucleosis]] and [[MS]] point out that infection with this [[EBV|virus]] in childhood can reduce the risk of [[MS]] in comparison with adulthood infection.<ref name="pmid6118702">{{cite journal |vauthors=Warner HB, Carp RI |title=Multiple sclerosis and Epstein-Barr virus |journal=Lancet |volume=2 |issue=8258 |pages=1290 |date=December 1981 |pmid=6118702 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12239261">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bach JF |title=The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=347 |issue=12 |pages=911–20 |date=September 2002 |pmid=12239261 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra020100 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Orthopedics]] | [[Category:Orthopedics]] | ||
[[Category:Rheumatology]] | [[Category:Rheumatology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:48, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.
Overview
Effective measures for the primary prevention of multiple sclerosis include: Vitamin D supplement, smoking cessation, and early exposure to infections.
Primary Prevention
Effective measures for the primary prevention of multiple sclerosis include:
- Vitamin D supplement: There is some evidence demonstrating that 1000 to 4000 IU vitamin D supplement daily can reduce the incidence of multiple sclerosis.[1][2][3]
- Smoking cessation: Smoking cessation proved to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of MS disease.[4]
- Early exposure to infections: EBV infection in childhood is not a severe disease, but in adults, it can presents as infectious mononucleosis. The similarity between the prevalence of infectious mononucleosis and MS point out that infection with this virus in childhood can reduce the risk of MS in comparison with adulthood infection.[5][6]
References
- ↑ Hollis BW (February 2005). "Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D". J. Nutr. 135 (2): 317–22. PMID 15671234.
- ↑ Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Vieth R (July 2005). "Estimates of optimal vitamin D status". Osteoporos Int. 16 (7): 713–6. doi:10.1007/s00198-005-1867-7. PMID 15776217.
- ↑ Vieth R (May 1999). "Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69 (5): 842–56. PMID 10232622.
- ↑ Hernán MA, Olek MJ, Ascherio A (July 2001). "Cigarette smoking and incidence of multiple sclerosis". Am. J. Epidemiol. 154 (1): 69–74. PMID 11427406.
- ↑ Warner HB, Carp RI (December 1981). "Multiple sclerosis and Epstein-Barr virus". Lancet. 2 (8258): 1290. PMID 6118702.
- ↑ Bach JF (September 2002). "The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases". N. Engl. J. Med. 347 (12): 911–20. doi:10.1056/NEJMra020100. PMID 12239261.