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'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''{{Infobox_Disease |
  Name          = Nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
  Image          = Lymphoepithelioma met to LN 6.jpg|
  Caption        = Metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a lymph node|
  DiseasesDB    = 8814 |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|C|11||c|00}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|147}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = 161550 |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = ped |
  eMedicineTopic = 1553 |
  MeshID        = D009303 |
}}
{{Nasopharyngeal carcinoma}}
{{Nasopharyngeal carcinoma}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Homa}}{{MJM}}, {{Faizan}}
__NOTOC__
 
{{Editor Help}}
{{SK}} [[Rhinopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[NPC]], [[nasopharynx cancer]], [[nasopharynx carcinoma]], [[nasopharyngeal cancer]], [[cancer of nasopharynx]]


==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma overview|Overview]]==
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma overview|Overview]]==


==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma classification|Classification]]==


==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
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==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening|Screening]]==
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening|Screening]]==


==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma causes|Causes]]==
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]==
 
==[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging|Staging]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]  | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma x ray|X Rays]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma CT|CT]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma MRI|MRI]] [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]]
[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging|Staging]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging|Staging]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]  | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma CT|CT]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma MRI|MRI]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma primary prevention|Primary prevention]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
 
 
==Causes==
Numerous studies have linked common subtypes of NPC to infection with the [[Epstein-Barr virus]] (EBV), which has also been implicated in the development of other cancers such as [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[Burkitt's lymphoma]], and [[HIV]]-associated [[lymphoma]]s. There is some evidence that [[human genetics|genetic]] factors, such as [[HLA type]] may play a role in the susceptibility of certain ethnic groups to NPC. Finally, dietary risk factors, such as the consumption of salt-cured fish high in [[nitrosamines]], may play a role in the Asian endemic regions. Well-differentiated NPC, with a [[histopathology|microscopic appearance]] most similar to other [[head and neck cancer|squamous cell cancers of the head and neck]] may be more closely associated with the standard risk factors for that disease, such as [[cigarette smoking]].<ref name="Weidner's">{{cite book |author=Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor) |title=Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set) |publisher=W B Saunders |location=London |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7216-7253-1 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Ian F Tannock, Richard P. Hill, Robert G. Bristow, Lea Harrington (Editor) |title=The Basic Science of Oncology (Fourth Edition) |publisher=McGraw Hill |location=U.S.A |year=2005 |pages= |isbn=0-07-138774-9}}</ref>


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Because NPC occurs in an anatomical site which is poorly accessible to surgeons, and is often advanced at presentation, the most effective means of treatment is generally [[radiation therapy]], either with or without concurrent [[chemotherapy]]. While the undifferentiated subtype of NPC is highly radiosensitive, this is less true of the more differentiated subtypes.<ref name="Weidner's">{{cite book |author=Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor) |title=Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set) |publisher=W B Saunders |location=London |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7216-7253-1 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>
[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma interventions|Interventions]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]  | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Prognosis==
The five-year survival rate of nonkeratinizing and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas, with appropriate treatment, is about 65% overall. Cure is highly possible, even when disease has spread to the regional lymph nodes. The prognosis of keratinizing NPC is significantly worse, due to its greater resistance to radiation.<ref name="Weidner's">{{cite book |author=Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor) |title=Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set) |publisher=W B Saunders |location=London |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7216-7253-1 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>
 
==Epidemiology==
NPC is uncommon in the United States and most other nations, but is extremely common in Taiwan and certain regions of China, accounting for 18% of all cancers in the latter nation. While NPC is seen primarily in middle-aged persons in Asia, a high proportion of African cases appear in children. The cause of increased risk for NPC in these [[endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] regions is not entirely clear.<ref name="Weidner's">{{cite book |author=Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor) |title=Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set) |publisher=W B Saunders |location=London |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7216-7253-1 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
== Acknowledgements ==
The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.


{{SIB}}
==Case Studies==
[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma case study one|Case#1]]


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[[fr:Carcinome du nasopharynx]]
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Latest revision as of 22:53, 29 July 2020

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Overview

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Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]Michael Maddaleni, B.S., Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Rhinopharyngeal carcinoma, NPC, nasopharynx cancer, nasopharynx carcinoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, cancer of nasopharynx

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Staging | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical therapy | Interventions | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case#1


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