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__NOTOC__
'''For patient information click [[Sideroblastic anemia (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Infobox_Disease |
{{Infobox_Disease |
   Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
   Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
   Image          = Sideroblastic (microcytic) anemia.jpg |
   Image          = Sideroblastic (microcytic) anemia.jpg |
   Caption        = Sideroblastic (microcytic) anemia|
   Caption        = Sideroblastic (microcytic) anemia|
  DiseasesDB    = 12110 |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|D|64|0|d|60}}-{{ICD10|D|64|3|d|60}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|285.0}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  MeshID        = D000756 |
}}
}}
{{Search infobox}}
{{CMG}}


{{Sideroblastic anemia}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{N.F}}


{{SK}} Sideroblastic anaemia
== [[Sideroblastic anemia overview|Overview]] ==


==Overview==
== [[Sideroblastic anemia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
'''Sideroblastic anemia''' is caused by the abnormal production of [[red blood cell]]s as part of [[myelodysplastic syndrome]], which can evolve into [[hematological malignancy|hematological malignancies]] (especially [[acute myelogenous leukemia]]). Thus, the body has iron available, but cannot incorporate it into hemoglobin.


==Causes==
== [[Sideroblastic anemia classification|Classification]] ==
The common feature of these causes is a failure to completely form [[heme]] - whose biosynthesis takes place partly in the [[mitochondrion]].  This leads to deposits of iron in the [[mitochondria]] that form a ring around the [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]] of the developing [[red blood cell]].  Sometimes the disorder represents a stage in evolution of a generalized bone marrow disorder that may ultimately terminate in acute leukemia. 
* Toxins: [[lead]] or [[zinc]] poisoning
* Drug-induced: [[ethanol]], [[isoniazid]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[cycloserine]]
* Nutritional: [[pyridoxine]] or [[copper]] deficiency
* Genetic: ALA synthase deficiency ([[X-linked]])


==Diagnosis==
== [[Sideroblastic anemia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==
Ringed sideroblasts are seen in the bone marrow.


==Laboratory findings==
== [[Sideroblastic anemia causes|Causes]] ==
* Increased [[ferritin]] levels
* Decreased [[total iron-binding capacity]]
* [[Hematocrit]] of about 20-30%
* Serum Iron: High
* High [[transferrin saturation]]
* The [[mean corpuscular volume]] or MCV is usually normal or slightly increased; although it may occasionally be low, leading to confusion with iron deficiency.{{ref|Laboratory_findings}}
* With [[lead poisoning]], see coarse basophilic stippling of red blood cells on peripheral blood smear
* Specific test: Prussian Blue stain of RBC in marrow. Shows ringed sideroblasts.


==Treatment==
== [[Sideroblastic anemia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Sideroblastic Anemia from other Diseases]] ==
Occasionally, the anemia is so severe that support with transfusion is required. These patients usually do not respond to [[erythropoietin]] therapy.{{ref|Laboratory_findings}}Some cases have been reported that the anemia is reversed or heme level is improved through use of moderate to high doses of Pyrodoxine (Vitamin B6.) In severe cases of SBA Bone Marrow Transplant is also an option with limited information about the success rate. Some cases are listed on MedLine and various other medical cites.


==See also==
== [[Sideroblastic anemia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
== [[Sideroblastic anemia risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
 
== [[Sideroblastic anemia screening|Screening]] ==
 
== [[Sideroblastic anemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
 
== Diagnosis ==
[[Sideroblastic anemia diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia x ray|X Ray]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia CT|CT]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia MRI|MRI]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia echocardiography or ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Studies]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
== Treatment ==
 
[[Sideroblastic anemia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia cost-effectiveness of therapy | Cost Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Sideroblastic anemia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Sideroblastic anemia case study one|Case #1]]
 
==Related Chapters==
* [[Anemia]]
* [[Anemia]]
* [[Siderosis]]
* [[Siderosis]]


== References ==
{{reflist|2}}


{{Hematology}}
{{Hematology}}
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{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}


[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]

Latest revision as of 00:11, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nazia Fuad M.D.

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Overview

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Epidemiology and Demographics

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