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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Sleep apnea}} | {{Sleep apnea}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D. | |||
==Overview== | |||
Generally, the most common signs of sleep apnea are a large waist/neck circumference and facial deformities. If sleep apnea is left untreated, signs of for pulmonale, stroke, hypoxemia, and pulmonary hypertension are evident. | |||
==Sleep Apnea Physical Examination== | |||
===General appearance=== | |||
*[[Obese]] | |||
*[[Lethargy]] | |||
*[[Confusion]] | |||
*[[Irritable]] | |||
*Sitting up and leaning forward to improve diaphragmatic breathing | |||
*Children may not grow at a normal rate | |||
===Vital Signs=== | |||
Vital signs are generally within normal limit, but patients with severe disease may have the following vital signs: | |||
*Decreased SPO2 | |||
*Tachyapnea | |||
*[[Tachycardia]] | |||
*High BP | |||
===Chest=== | |||
*[[Wheeze]] | |||
*Pleural effusion | |||
===Heart=== | |||
*[[Right ventricular hypertrophy]] (RVH) | |||
*Left parasternal systolic lift | |||
*3rd/4th heart sounds and pansystolic murmur of [[tricuspid regurgitation]] over right heart | |||
*Split second heart sound with loud pulmonary component | |||
*[[Systolic]] ejection murmur with a sharp ejection click over the [[pulmonary artery]] | |||
*[[Diastolic]] [[pulmonary regurgitation]] murmur over the [[pulmonary artery]] | |||
===Abdomen=== | |||
*[[Ascites]] | |||
*[[Hepatomegaly]] | |||
*Large waist circumference | |||
===Skin=== | |||
*[[Cyanosis]] | |||
===ENT=== | |||
*Large neck circumference | |||
:*Particularly prominent among men who have a collar size greater than 17 inches and women who have a collar size greater than 16 inches<ref name="pmid19960649">{{cite journal| author=Epstein LJ, Kristo D, Strollo PJ, Friedman N, Malhotra A, Patil SP et al.| title=Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. | journal=J Clin Sleep Med | year= 2009 | volume= 5 | issue= 3 | pages= 263-76 | pmid=19960649 | doi= | pmc=PMC2699173 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19960649 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Retrognathia]] | |||
*[[Micrognathia]] | |||
*Lateral peritonsillar narrowing | |||
*[[Macroglossia]] | |||
*Tonsillar hypertrophy | |||
*Elongated or enlarged [[uvula]] | |||
*A high arched or narrow palate | |||
*Nasal septal deviation | |||
*[[Nasal polyps]] | |||
*Increased [[jugular venous pressure]] | |||
*Prominent neck and facial veins | |||
===Extremeties=== | |||
*Digital [[clubbing]] | |||
*[[Pedal edema]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | |||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:12, 30 July 2020
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Sleep apnea physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sleep apnea physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Sleep apnea physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
Generally, the most common signs of sleep apnea are a large waist/neck circumference and facial deformities. If sleep apnea is left untreated, signs of for pulmonale, stroke, hypoxemia, and pulmonary hypertension are evident.
Sleep Apnea Physical Examination
General appearance
- Lethargy
- Confusion
- Irritable
- Sitting up and leaning forward to improve diaphragmatic breathing
- Children may not grow at a normal rate
Vital Signs
Vital signs are generally within normal limit, but patients with severe disease may have the following vital signs:
- Decreased SPO2
- Tachyapnea
- Tachycardia
- High BP
Chest
- Wheeze
- Pleural effusion
Heart
- Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)
- Left parasternal systolic lift
- 3rd/4th heart sounds and pansystolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation over right heart
- Split second heart sound with loud pulmonary component
- Systolic ejection murmur with a sharp ejection click over the pulmonary artery
- Diastolic pulmonary regurgitation murmur over the pulmonary artery
Abdomen
- Ascites
- Hepatomegaly
- Large waist circumference
Skin
ENT
- Large neck circumference
- Particularly prominent among men who have a collar size greater than 17 inches and women who have a collar size greater than 16 inches[1]
- Retrognathia
- Micrognathia
- Lateral peritonsillar narrowing
- Macroglossia
- Tonsillar hypertrophy
- Elongated or enlarged uvula
- A high arched or narrow palate
- Nasal septal deviation
- Nasal polyps
- Increased jugular venous pressure
- Prominent neck and facial veins
Extremeties
- Digital clubbing
- Pedal edema