Sleep apnea secondary prevention: Difference between revisions

	Sleep Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Sleep apnea from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Polysomnography
Home Oximetry
CT
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Sleep apnea secondary prevention On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sleep apnea secondary prevention All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Sleep apnea secondary prevention
CDC on Sleep apnea secondary prevention
Sleep apnea secondary prevention in the news
Blogs on Sleep apnea secondary prevention
Directions to Hospitals Treating Sleep apnea
Risk calculators and risk factors for Sleep apnea secondary prevention

← Older edit

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 00:13, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.

Overview

Secondary prevention of sleep apnea involves lifestyle changes. These methods reduce the severity of sleep apnea on the patient.

Sleep Apnea Secondary Prevention

Lifestyle Changes

Weight loss
Reduce alcohol
Reduce sedative use
Smoking cessation
Possibly owing to changes in pulmonary oxygen stores, sleeping on one's side (as opposed to on one's back) has been found to be helpful for central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes respiration.^[1]
Optimize treatments that may exacerbate sleep apnea e.g. asthma, allergic rhinitis
Assess risk for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, or renal disease

References

↑ Szollosi I, Roebuck T, Thompson B, Naughton MT (2006). "Lateral sleeping position reduces severity of central sleep apnea / Cheyne-Stokes respiration". Sleep. 29 (8): 1045–51. PMID pmid16944673 Check |pmid= value (help).

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmidpmid16944673-1] Szollosi I, Roebuck T, Thompson B, Naughton MT (2006). "Lateral sleeping position reduces severity of central sleep apnea / Cheyne-Stokes respiration". Sleep. 29 (8): 1045–51. PMID pmid16944673 Check |pmid= value (help).

[1]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
-Secondary prevention of sleep apnea involves lifestyle changes, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP),  placement of an oral device. These methods reduce the severity of sleep apnea on the patient.
+Secondary prevention of sleep apnea involves lifestyle changes. These methods reduce the severity of sleep apnea on the patient.
 ==Sleep Apnea Secondary Prevention==
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 *Smoking cessation
 *Possibly owing to changes in pulmonary oxygen stores, sleeping on one's side (as opposed to on one's back) has been found to be helpful for central sleep apnea with [[Cheyne-Stokes respiration]].<ref name="pmidpmid16944673">{{cite journal| author=Szollosi I, Roebuck T, Thompson B, Naughton MT| title=Lateral sleeping position reduces severity of central sleep apnea / Cheyne-Stokes respiration. | journal=Sleep | year= 2006 | volume= 29 | issue= 8 | pages= 1045-51 | pmid=pmid16944673 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16944673  }} </ref>
-*Optimize treatments that may exacerbate sleep apnea e.g. asthma, allergic rhinitis
+*Optimize treatments that may exacerbate sleep apnea e.g. [[asthma]], [[allergic rhinitis]]
-*Assess risk for hypertension, diabetes cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, or renal disease
+*Assess risk for [[hypertension]], [[diabetes]], [[cardiovascular disease]], [[cerebrovascular disease]], or [[renal disease]]
-===Continuous positive airway pressure===
-*For moderate to severe sleep apnea, [[CPAP]] therapy is extremely effective in reducing apneas and less expensive than other treatments
-*It 'splints' the patient's airway open during sleep by means of a flow of pressurized air into the throat
-*The patient typically wears a plastic facial mask, which is connected by a flexible tube to a small bedside CPAP machine<ref name="cpap-machines">[http://www.cpap-machine-reviews.com General Information about Sleep Apnea Machines]</ref>
-*The CPAP machine generates the required air pressure to keep the patient's airways open during sleep
-*Many patients refuse to continue the therapy or fail to use their CPAP machines on a nightly basis because they find it uncomfortable<ref name='Hsu2003'>{{Cite journal|author=Hsu AA, Lo C |title=Continuous positive airway pressure therapy in sleep apnoea |journal=Respirology |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=447–54 |year=2003 |month=December |pmid=14708553 |doi=10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00494.x}}</ref>
-*One way to ensure [[CPAP]] therapy remains comfortable for patients is to ensure the CPAP face mask fits well
-*It is not clear that CPAP reduces [[hypertension]] or cardiovascular events in patients who do not have daytime sleepiness; however, the lack of benefit may be partly due to [[Compliance (medicine)|noncompliance]] with therapy<ref name="pmid22618923">{{cite journal |author=Barbé F, Durán-Cantolla J, Sánchez-de-la-Torre M, ''et al.'' |title=Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on the incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular events in nonsleepy patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial |journal=JAMA |volume=307 |issue=20 |pages=2161–8 |year=2012 |month=May |pmid=22618923 |doi=10.1001/jama.2012.4366 |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2012.4366}}</ref>
-===Oral appliances===
-*Mandibular Advancement Splint
-:*A oral appliance placed by general dentists
-:*A custom-made mouthpiece that shifts the lower jaw forward and opens the bite slightly, which opens up the airway
-:*Oral appliance therapy (OAT) is usually successful in patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Machado MA, Juliano L, Taga M, de Carvalho LB, do Prado LB, do Prado GF |title=Titratable mandibular repositioner appliances for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: are they an option? |journal=Sleep & Breathing |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=225–31 |year=2007 |month=December |pmid=17440760 |doi=10.1007/s11325-007-0109-y}}</ref>
-:*OAT is a relatively new treatment option for sleep apnea in the United States, but it is much more common in Canada and Europe
-===Alternative Therapies===
-*Strengthening the muscles around the upper airway may combat sleep apnea
-:*A 2009 study published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Clinical Care Medicine found that patients who practiced a series of tongue and throat exercises for 30 minutes a day showed a decline in sleep apnea symptoms after three months. Patients experienced an average of 39% fewer apnea episodes after successfully completing the treatments.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Guimarães KC, Drager LF, Genta PR, Marcondes BF, Lorenzi-Filho G |title=Effects of oropharyngeal exercises on patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=179 |issue=10 |pages=962–6 |year=2009 |month=May |pmid=19234106 |doi=10.1164/rccm.200806-981OC |url=http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19234106}}</ref>
-:*A 2001 study investigated changes after Tongue Muscle Training (ZMT®) in respiratory parameters during night-time sleep of patients with increased respiratory disease index. The apnea, hypopnea and desaturation indexes were reduced in 26 of the 40 patients (65%) by an average of approximately one half.<ref>Gessmann HW et al: The Tongue Muscle Training (ZMT®) in nCPAP Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). PIB Publisher Duisburg, Germany 2001</ref>
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
-[[Category:Sleep disorders]]
+[[Category:Cardiology]]
-[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity ]]
 [[Category:Pulmonology]]
-[[Category:Cardiology]]
-[[Category:Primary care]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}