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{{Urethritis}}
{{Urethritis}}
{{CMG}}'''; Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


==[[Urethritis overview|Overview]]==
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MehdiP}}
'''Urethritis''' is inflammation of the [[urethra]].  The main symptom is [[dysuria]], which is painful or difficult urination.


==Diagnosis==
{{SK}} Urethrorrhea; urethral discharge
==[[Urethritis laboratory tests|Lab Tests]]==
A swab is inserted 1&ndash;4cm into the urethra and rotated once. The swab is then smeared onto a glass slide and examined under a microscope. A commonly used cut-off for the diagnosis of urethritis is 5 or more polymorphs per high power field, but this definition has recently been called into doubt.<ref name="Bradshaw2006">{{cite journal
| author=Bradshaw CS ''et al.''
| title=Etiologies of Nongonococcal Urethritis: Bacteria, Viruses, and the Association with Orogenital Exposure
| journal=J Infect Dis
| volume=193
| issue=3
| pages=333&ndash;5
}}</ref>


Tests of gonorrhoea and [[chlamydia]] are sent on the swab.
==[[Urethritis overview|Overview]]==


==[[Urethritis causes|Causes of Urethritis]]==
==[[Urethritis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
In the diagnostic approach to urethritis, physicians classify the disease as gonococcal urethritis or [[non-gonococcal urethritis]] (NGU), based on its causation. Non-gonococcal urethritis, sometimes called non-specific urethritis (NSU), has both infectious and non-infectious causes. In men, purulent discharge usually indicates a urethritis of gonococcal nature, while clear discharge indicates urethritis of non-gonococcal nature.  Urethritis is difficult to diagnose in women because discharge may not be present, however, the symptoms of [[dysuria]] and frequency may be present. 


Causes include:
==[[Urethritis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
*''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]''
*''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''
*''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]''
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Herpes simplex]]
*[[Reiter's syndrome]]
*[[Escherichia coli]]


==Symptoms==
==[[Urethritis causes|Causes]]==


Discharge (milky or pus-like) from the penis, stinging or burning during urination, itching, tingling, burning or irritation inside the penis.
==[[Urethritis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Urethritis from other Diseases]]==


==Treatment==
==[[Urethritis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


A variety of drugs may be prescribed based on the cause of the patient's urethritis.  Some examples of medications based on causes include:
==[[Urethritis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


*[[Clotrimazole]] (Mycelex) - Trichomonas
== [[Urethritis screening|Screening]] ==
*[[Doxycycline]] (Vibramycin) - [[Chlamydia]]
*[[Fluconazole]] (Diflucan) - Monilial
*[[Metronidazole]] (Flagyl) - Trichomonas
*[[Nitrofurantoin]] - Bacterial Infection
*[[Nystatin]] (Mycostatin) - Monilial
*[[Co-trimoxazole]], which is a combination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in a ratio of 5 to 1 (Septrin, Bactrim) - Bacterial Infection


Proper perineal hygiene should be stressed.  This includes avoiding use of vaginal deodarant sprays and proper wiping after urination and bowel movements.  Intercourse should be avoided until symptoms subside.
==[[Urethritis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==References==
==Diagnosis==


{{reflist}}
[[Urethritis diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Urethritis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Xyz physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Urethritis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Urethritis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Urethritis x ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Urethritis echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Urethritis CT|CT-Scan Findings]] | [[Urethritis MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Urethritis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Urethritis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==


{{STD/STI}}
[[Urethritis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[urethritis interventions|Interventions]] | [[Urethritis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Urethritis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Urethritis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Urethritis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Urethritis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
{{Nephrology}}
 
[[de:Urethritis]]
[[fr:Urétrite]]
[[it:Uretrite]]
[[he:דלקת השופכה]]
[[nl:Urethritis]]
[[pt:Uretrite]]
[[fi:Virtsaputkentulehdus]]
[[pl:Zapalenie cewki moczowej]]


{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
==Case Studies==
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Urethritis case study one|Case #1]]


[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]

Latest revision as of 00:35, 30 July 2020


 Resident
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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Urethritis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT Scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Urethrorrhea; urethral discharge

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Urethritis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Interventions | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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