Zika virus infection: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 00:46, 30 July 2020

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease. For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Zika virus.

For patient information, click here.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Nate Michalak, B.A.; Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.; Ilan Dock, B.S.; Serge Korjian M.D.; Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S [2]; Tarek Nafee, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Zika virus; ZIKV; ZIKV disease; Zika; Zika virus disease; Zika disease; Zika fever

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Classification

Differentiating Zika virus infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Related Chapters

Zika virus

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
+{{Zika virus}}
 {{About1|Zika virus}}
-'''''For patient information, click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]].'''''<br>
+'''For patient information, click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]].'''<br>
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{NRM}}; {{LRO}}; {{IMD}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{NRM}}; {{LRO}}; {{IMD}}; {{SSK}}; {{YK}}; {{TarekNafee}}
 {{SK}} Zika virus; ZIKV; ZIKV disease; Zika; Zika virus disease; Zika disease; Zika fever
-==Overview==
+==[[Zika virus infection overview|Overview]]==
-Zika fever is an illness caused by the Zika virus, a member of the family [[Flaviviridae]].  The fever and virus are named after the Ugandan forest where the virus was first isolated.  The virus is commonly found in Africa but has also been found in Malaysia and Micronesia.  Symptoms are similar to [[dengue fever]], but are milder in form and usually last four to seven days. No hemorrhagic manifestations have been documented. Common symptoms include a maculopapular skin rash that starts on the face or trunk before moving to the rest of the body, conjunctivitis, joint pain, low-grade fevers and headache.
-==[[Zika virus historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
+==[[Zika virus infection historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
+==[[Zika virus infection pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 ==[[Zika virus|Causes]]==
-==Classification==
+==[[Zika virus infection classification|Classification]]==
-The illness caused by Zika virus is usually mild with symptoms lasting from several days to a week. Severe cases requiring hospitalization are uncommon.<ref name= “Zika Medicaltherapy”> Zika virus. Center for Disease Control and Prevention for Medical Professionals. http://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html Accessed on December 10, 2015</ref> A schema for classification of Zika virus infection is yet to be identified.
+==[[Zika virus infection differential diagnosis|Differentiating Zika virus infection from other Diseases]]==
 ==[[Zika virus infection epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-==Risk Factors==
+==[[Zika virus infection risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-'''Most Common'''
-*Mosquito Bites in Endemic Areas (as listed below as areas of prior outbreaks).
-*The most potent risk factors related to contracting Zika virus are travelling to endemic areas, such as Asia and Africa (reported prior to 2007), The Federated States of Micronesia (reported in 2007),  and most recently in the South American regions of Chile (reported in 2014), Brazil and Colombia(reported in 2015), Guatemala, El Salvador, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela, and Mexico (all cases were reported in 2015.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&Itemid=270&gid=32405&lang=en |title=Epidemiological Alert: Neurological Syndromes, Congenital Malformations, and Zika Virus Infection. Implications for Public Health in the Americas |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=December 1, 2015 |website=Pan American Health Organization|publisher=Pan American Health Organization |access-date=December 11, 2015 |quote=}}</ref>
-'''Less Common'''
-*Blood transfusion from an asymptomatic donor in an endemic area.
-*Perinatal and sexual transmission.
 ==[[Zika virus infection natural history, complications, and prognosis|Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis]]==
-==Symptoms==
+==Diagnosis==
-Symptoms associated with the contraction of the Zika virus typically span from several days to a week. The disease is rarely fatal and hospitalization is uncommon. The following symptoms are the associated with contracting the Zika Virus: <ref name="Zika Virus CDC"> Zika Virus. For Health Care Providers: Clinical Evaluation & Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/clinicalevaluation.html Accessed on December 11, 2015</ref>
+[[Zika virus infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Zika virus infection physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Zika virus infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Zika virus infection evaluation of pregnant women|Evaluation of Pregnant Women]] | [[Zika virus infection evaluation of infants|Evaluation of Infants]] | [[Zika virus infection collection and submission of fetal tissues|Collection and Submission of Fetal Tissues]] | [[Zika virus infection other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-*Acute onset fever
-*Maculopapular rash
-*Arthralgia
-*Conjunctivitis
-*Myalgia
-*Headache
-*Retro-orbital pain
-*Vomiting
-==Diagnosis==
+==Treatment==
-*The Zika virus is commonly misdiagnosed as many other diseases. These diseases include dengue, leptospirosis, malaria, rickettsia, group Astreptococcus, rubella, measles, parvovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, and alphavirus infection.
+[[Zika virus infection medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Zika virus infection surgery|Surgery]] | [[Zika virus infection prevention|Prevention]] | [[Zika virus infection guidelines for pregnant women |Guidelines for Pregnant Women]] | [[Zika virus infection travel notice |Travel Notice]] | [[Zika virus infection response planning tips|CDC Response Planning Tips]] | [[Zika virus infection risk-based preparedness|Risk-based Preparedness for States]]
-*Diagnosis is initially based on patients recent history, including places traveled.
-*Blood serum and plasma testing is conducted to detect viral nucleic acids or virus specific IgM. Laboratory testing is the primary source when differentiating between Zika and other commonly misdiagnosed viruses.<ref name= “Zika Medicaltherapy”> Zika virus. Center for Disease Control and Prevention for Medical Professionals. http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/clinicalevaluation.html Accessed on December 10, 2015</ref>
-==Medical Therapy==
+==Related Chapters==
-*There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for the Zika virus.
+*[[Zika virus]]
-*Modern therapy tactics include increased rest, fluids, antipyretics (fever reducers) and analgesics (pain relievers).
-*Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be avoided until dengue fever is no longer a potential diagnosis.<ref name= “Zika Medicaltherapy”> Zika virus. Center for Disease Control and Prevention for Medical Professionals. http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/clinicalevaluation.html Accessed on December 14, 2015</ref>
-==Primary Prevention==
-'''Avoid mosquito bites:'''
-*Use insect repellent.
-*Wear long sleeves and long pants.
-*If outdoors or cannot protect against mosquitos entering the home, use bed nets, air conditioning, or insect screens
-*Avoid standing water: gardening pots, swampy areas, etc.<ref name= “Zika Medicaltherapy”> Zika virus. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention. Accessed on December  14, 2015</ref>
-==References==
+[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
-{{Reflist|2}}
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Infectious disease]]
+[[Category:Dermatology]]
+[[Category:Pulmonology]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
+[[Category:Neurology]]

Zika virus infection: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 00:46, 30 July 2020

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