Mental retardation overview: Difference between revisions
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== Overview == | ==[[Mental Retardation Overview|Overview]]== | ||
Intellectual disability (ID) belongs to [[neurodevelopmental]] [[disorders]] that affect [[children]] and [[adolescents]] during the [[developmental]] [[period]]. It is categorized into four subclasses that determine the need for [[support]]. This condition is characterized by [[impairments]] in both [[intellectual]] and [[adaptive]] [[functions]]. [[Research]] involving ID has found that [[genes]] that [[encode]] [[cognitive]] abilities play an essential role in its [[pathophysiology]]. An [[interplay]] of [[environment]] and [[genetics]] can cause ID, and [[comprehensive]] [[screening]] is done in these cases. More importantly, ID has existing [[co-morbid]] [[conditions]], which makes [[treatment]] and [[care]] a [[challenge]]. | |||
==[[Mental Retardation Historical Perspective|Historical Perspective]]== | |||
==Classification== | |||
== References == | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating Mental retardation from Other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Diagnostic Study of Choice=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Electrocardiogram=== | |||
===X-ray=== | |||
===Echocardiography and Ultrasound=== | |||
===CT scan=== | |||
===MRI=== | |||
===Other Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Interventions=== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Primary Prevention=== | |||
===Secondary Prevention=== | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Psychiatry]] | [[Category:Psychiatry]] | ||
[[Category:Disability]] | [[Category:Disability]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:38, 22 July 2021
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Mental retardation Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Mental retardation overview On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Mental retardation overview |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Mental retardation overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2]
Overview
Intellectual disability (ID) belongs to neurodevelopmental disorders that affect children and adolescents during the developmental period. It is categorized into four subclasses that determine the need for support. This condition is characterized by impairments in both intellectual and adaptive functions. Research involving ID has found that genes that encode cognitive abilities play an essential role in its pathophysiology. An interplay of environment and genetics can cause ID, and comprehensive screening is done in these cases. More importantly, ID has existing co-morbid conditions, which makes treatment and care a challenge.